Special Eurobarometer 454
Report
Civil protection
Fieldwork
November - December 2016 Publication
May 2017 Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.
Special Eurobarometer 454 – Wave EB86.3 – TNS opinion & social
Special Eurobarometer 454
Report
Civil protection
May 2017
Survey conducted by TNS opinion & social at the request of the European Commission, Directorate‐General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations Survey co‐ordinated by the European Commission, Directorate‐General for Communication (“Strategic communication” Unit)
Project number Project title
2017.3168 Special Eurobarometer 454 - May 2017 “Eurobarometer survey on Civil Protection” Report EN KR-04-17-367-EN-N 978-92-79-67778-6 doi:10.2795/351007
Linguistic version Catalogue number ISBN © European Union, 2017
http://ec.europa.eu/COMMFrontOffice/PublicOpinion
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
2
MAIN FINDINGS
4
I. AWARENESS AND SUPPORT FOR EU CIVIL PROTECTION
5
1. Awareness of EU civil protection
5
2. General attitude to EU's role in the coordination of the response to disasters
8
3. Attitudes towards civil protection
11
Solidarity between EU Member States
12
Solidarity with non-EU countries
15
Effectiveness of EU-level coordination
18
EU Member States readiness to deal with disasters
21
A EU civil protection policy
24
II. PERCEPTION OF PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS FOR DISASTER
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1. Whether enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters at region level
28
2. Whether enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters at country level
32
3. Whether enough is being done to prepare for disasters at EU level
36
III. PREFERRED INFORMATION CHANNELS
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CONCLUSION
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ANNEXES Technical specifications Questionnaire Tables
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Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 May 2017
Report INTRODUCTION
In the event of a natural disaster or man-made crisis, the European Commission’s main aim is ‘to save and preserve life, prevent and alleviate human suffering and safeguard the integrity and dignity’ of populations affected by such an event1. With its base in Brussels, the Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO) ensures rapid and effective delivery of EU relief assistance during times of disaster. These two entities, ‘humanitarian aid’ and ‘civil protection’ were brought together under one roof by the Commission in 2010, to ensure there was a more robust and effective European mechanism for responding to disasters inside and outside the EU. The EU Civil Protection Mechanism commenced in 2001 and has been activated more than 230 times2. Recent examples include the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014, the European Refugee crisis in 2015 and more recently it was activated in Haiti, following the devastation caused by Hurricane Matthew in October 2016. All 28 EU Member States participate in the Mechanism, along with Iceland, Norway, Serbia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Turkey. The civil protection assistance offered to countries affected by disasters can vary depending on the capacities of each of the participating states. It can include relief items, expertise, specific equipment, intervention teams and experts assigned to conduct needs assessments and act in a coordination role with the local authorities and international organisations. The assistance also allows for consultation in order to prevent and prepare against future disasters. To address this, EU Civil Protection legislation was passed in 2013 putting greater emphasis on preventing disasters, focussing on preparation for a potential disaster, and the implementation of risk assessment programs and risk management planning. The aim of this survey is to explore EU citizen awareness, support, perceptions and attitudes towards the European Union’s activities in the area of civil protection. It will examine opinions regarding the need for providing assistance in a coordinated manner as well as whether they consider the EU is doing enough to prevent or prepare for disasters. Finally, the survey will determine the preferred medium for further information about civil protection policy. Results are compared where possible with a similar survey conducted in March 2015 (Special Eurobarometer 433). This survey was carried out by TNS Opinion and Social network, in the 28 Member States of the European Union, between 26th November and 5th December 2016. A total of 27,929 respondents from different social and demographic groups were interviewed face to face at home in their mother tongue on behalf of the Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations. The methodology used is that of Eurobarometer surveys as carried out by the DirectorateGeneral for Communication ("Strategic communication" Unit) 3. A technical note on the manner in which interviews were conducted by the Institutes within the TNS Opinion & Social network is appended as an annex to this report. Also included are the interview methods and confidence intervals.
1 http://ec.europa.eu/echo/who/about-echo_en About Us 2 EU Civil Protection Echo Factsheet, October 2016 3 http://ec.europa.eu/COMMFrontOffice/publicopinion/index.cfm 2
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Note: In this report, countries are referred to by their official abbreviation. The abbreviations used in this report correspond to:
Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Germany Estonia Greece Spain France Croatia Ireland Italy Republic of Cyprus Lithuania
BE BG CZ DK DE EE EL ES FR HR IE IT CY * LT
Latvia Luxembourg Hungary Malta The Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom
European Union – weighted average for the 28 Member States
LV LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK EU28
* Cyprus as a whole is one of the 28 European Union Member States. However, the ‘acquis communautaire’ has been suspended in the part of the country which is not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. For practical reasons, only the interviews carried out in the part of the country controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus are included in the ‘CY’ category and in the EU28 average.
We wish to thank the people throughout the European Union who have given their time to take part in this survey. Without their active participation, this study would not have been possible.
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Report MAIN FINDINGS
Awareness and support for EU civil protection
55% of EU citizens are aware the EU helps coordinate the response to disasters in the EU. However, a considerable proportion of respondents (42%) said that they are not aware of the EU efforts.
Across Member States, the majority of respondents in 21 countries are aware of these EU efforts, however in countries such as the Netherlands and Italy, less than four in ten say they are aware of the EU efforts in response to disasters in the EU.
At EU level, a large majority (90%) think that it is important that the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in any of the Member States. In all 28 Member States at least eight in ten have this opinion.
Almost nine in ten Europeans (89%) agree that if a disaster were to occur in their country they would expect other EU countries to help. They also strongly agree (86%) that the EU should help any country worldwide hit by disasters in a coordinated manner, by sending experts and equipment to affected areas.
There is a strong consensus that any EU action should be coordinated, as opposed to actions taken by individual countries (81%). More than half of EU citizens (56%) do not think their own country has sufficient means to deal with all major disasters on its own. It is therefore not surprising to observe a large proportion (87%) who believe there should be an EU civil protection policy, as disasters can have an impact across borders.
There has been very little change in these perceptions since the last Special Eurobarometer survey on this topic, conducted in March 2015.
Perceptions of prevention of and preparedness for disasters
About half of all respondents (49%) do not think enough is being done at a regional level or within their own countries to prevent or prepare for disasters, an increase since March 2015.
Respondents are more uncertain about whether enough is being done at the European Union level, with four in ten (43%) respondents who do not think enough is being done, one third (33%) who do think enough is being done and a quarter (24%) of respondents who do not know.
Preferred information channels
The TV has remained the most commonly preferred source of information regarding EU civil protection policy, mentioned by 57% of respondents.
The Internet (46%) is the second most mentioned source, although there has been a decline in popularity of 10 percentage points (pp) since March 2015.
The written press (25%) and the radio (21%) follow in terms of popularity, however, both have also declined by 5pp since the last survey. No other information source has experienced a significant change or was mentioned by at least one in five.
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I. AWARENESS AND SUPPORT FOR EU CIVIL PROTECTION As an introduction to the survey, the term ‘civil protection’ was explained to respondents to mean ‘preventing and preparing for disasters as well as responding when they happen.’ By disasters, the survey is referring to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, as well as man-made disasters such as industrial accidents.
1. Awareness of EU civil protection More than half of all respondents are aware the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters. Respondents were asked whether they are aware the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in the EU4. The absolute majority (55%) are aware the EU helps to coordinate response to disasters, however a large proportion are not aware of the EU’s coordination efforts in response to disasters (42%). QB1
Are you aware or not that the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in the EU? (% - EU) Don't know 3
No 42 Yes 55
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
4 QB1 Are you aware or not that the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in the EU? Yes; No; Do not know. 5
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At a country level, in 21 out of 28 Member States, the absolute majority of respondents are aware the EU helps to coordinate response to disasters in the EU. Awareness is highest in Portugal (78%), Ireland (75%) and Malta (72%). By contrast, respondents in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Hungary (47%), France and Slovakia (45%), Italy (39%) and the Netherlands (30%) are the least likely to be aware of the EU’s coordination efforts during a disaster.
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
A socio demographic analysis shows the following socio demographic groups are more likely to be aware that the EU helps coordinate response to disasters:
Men (57% men compared to 52% women);
Respondents, aged 25-54, especially when compared to respondents aged 55+ (57-60% vs. 50%);
Respondents with a higher level of education (63% for respondents who finished education at age 20 or older compared with 43%-54% for respondents who finished education at younger age);
Managers, other white collar workers and self-employed (59-68% vs. 45% for house persons, and 47% for the unemployed)
These results have been crossed against other questions in the survey with some interesting findings. Respondents who think enough is being done to prevent and prepare for disasters in their region, or within the EU are more likely to be aware of the coordination efforts carried out by the EU in response to a disaster (61% of those who think enough is being done in the region are aware, compared with 52% for respondents who do not think enough is being done). Respondents who think the EU’s coordination efforts in response to disasters are important, are more likely to be aware of what the EU does in response to disasters in the EU (58% compared with 22% for respondents who do not think it is important).
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Those who consider a coordinated EU response to a disaster to be more effective than individual country’s action, are more likely than those with the opposing view to be aware the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in the EU (59% vs. 42%).
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2. General attitude to EU's role in the coordination of the response to disasters Most EU citizens think it is important the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters Respondents were asked how important they think it is that the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in the EU5. Nine in ten respondents think it is important the EU helps, with 47% of respondents considering the EU coordination to be ‘very important’. Less than one in ten of all respondents think it is not important (7%).
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
5 QB2 How important or not do you think it is that the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in the EU? Very important; Fairly important; Not very important; Not at all important. 8
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Across all 28 Member States, the absolute majority think that the EU help in coordinating the response to disasters in the EU is ‘important’. Countries most likely to think EU help in disaster coordination is ‘important’ include Portugal (98%), Ireland (97%), Luxembourg (97%) and Cyprus (97%). In Cyprus, more than three quarters of respondents (79%) think the EU help is ‘very important’ and together with Sweden (72%) are the countries most likely to have this strong opinion. The Czech Republic (82%) and Austria (84%) are at the other end of the scale with more than eight in ten respondents who think the EU help in coordinating response to disasters is important, but are less likely to consider it to be ‘very important’. For example, only 31% of respondents in the Czech Republic consider the EU help to be ‘very important’.
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
At a socio demographic level there are no significant differences across age, sex, occupation or urbanisation. Respondents with a positive (96%) image of the EU, are more likely to think it is important that the EU coordinate the response to disasters compared with those with a neutral (90%) or negative image (80%). The results from the cross tabulation with other question results reveal some interesting observations. Respondents who think enough is being done at the EU level to prevent and prepare for disasters are slightly more likely to think that it is important the EU helps to coordinate relief in a disaster situation (95% who consider it important think enough is being done, compared with 88% who do not think enough is being done). Those who think a coordinated EU action in dealing with disasters is more effective than actions by an individual country, are more likely to think the EU’s coordinated response is important (96% vs. 66% for less effective).
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3. Attitudes towards civil protection This section analyses European attitudes towards civil protection policies within the EU. Europeans continue to show strong support for a coordinated EU policy for civil protection Respondents were presented with a series of statements, and asked whether they agreed or disagreed with them6. This question was also asked in the last Special Eurobarometer survey in March 2015. The findings in this survey are very consistent with those seen in the last survey. More than four in five Europeans (89%, -1 pp) agree that if a disaster occurred in their country they would expect other EU countries to provide help. A similar proportion agree the EU needs a civil protection policy, as disasters can have an impact across borders (87%, -1 pp). There is considerable agreement from Europeans (86%, -1 pp), that the EU should help any country worldwide hit by disasters in a coordinated manner, by sending experts and equipment to affected areas, and finally, more than four in five respondents think EU action should be coordinated, as opposed to actions taken by individual countries (81%, +1 pp). Similar to the last survey results, the absolute majority of respondents disagree (56%, -2 pp) that their country has sufficient means to deal with all major disasters on its own. However, more than one third (38%, +1 pp) are of the opinion that their country could deal with all major disasters on its own.
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
In the following pages country level results for each of these statements is looked at in-depth.
6 QB3 Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. 3.1 Coordinated EU action in dealing with disasters is more effective than actions by individual countries; 3.2 Coordinated EU action in dealing with disasters is more effective than actions by individual countries; 3.3 The EU needs a civil protection policy because major disasters can have cross-border effects; 3.4 The EU needs a civil protection policy because major disasters can have cross-border effects; 3.5 The EU needs a civil protection policy because major disasters can have cross-border effects. Totally agree; Tend to agree; Tend to disagree; Totally disagree; Do not know. 11
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Solidarity between EU Member States Europeans expect assistance from other EU Member States if disaster were to happen Across all EU Member States, more than seven in ten respondents agree that if a disaster were to occur in their country, there is an expectation that other EU countries will provide help. Agreement levels ranged from 97% in Malta to 77% in Romania. Since the last survey in March 2015, there has been some movement in a couple of countries, most notably in Cyprus (92%, +14 percentage points) where agreement levels increased considerably, and Romania (77%, -10 pp) where less respondents now think if a disaster were to occur in their country, other EU countries would provide help.
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Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
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Across the socio demographic groups, there is no significant differences showing for age, sex or profession. In the case of education, those who finished their schooling at or before the age of 15 years are less likely than those with a higher level of education, to agree that if a disaster occurred they would expect other EU countries to help (85% compared with 92% who finishing education aged 20+ years). Europeans who think a coordinated EU response to disasters is important are more likely to have the expectation that if a disaster occurred in their own country, other EU countries would provide help (92% important and agree, vs. 56% not important and agree). With a similar pattern, those who think that a coordinated EU plan is more effective than individual country action in response to disaster are more likely to have the expectation the EU countries would assist their own nation (94% who think a coordinated EU plan is effective agree, vs. 67%). Finally, respondents who think enough is being done at an EU or within their own regions are more likely to agree with this statement, than those who think enough is being done (e.g. 93% enough is being done at EU level vs. 86% not enough being done).
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Solidarity with non-EU countries A large majority of Europeans think the EU should help any country worldwide hit by disasters In all Member States, more than three quarters of respondents agree the EU should help any country worldwide hit by disasters by sending experts and equipment to affected areas. The highest level of agreement from respondents can be observed in Cyprus where 96% think the EU should help, followed by Ireland and Portugal each with 95% of respondents in agreement. Lower levels of agreement can be observed in Italy (76%), Romania (77%) and Austria (78%). For most EU countries, there is minimal difference compared with results from the last survey. The largest decreases in support for the statement can be observed in Romania (77%, -10 percentage points), Austria (78%, -7 pp), the Netherlands (79%, - 6 pp), and the Czech Republic (79%, -6 pp) with corresponding increases in the proportions who disagree.
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Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
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At a socio demographic level there are no significant differences for age, sex or profession, with all groups holding a similar view in that the EU should help any worldwide country hit by a disaster in a coordinated manner. The cross tabulated question results show the large majority of those who think a coordinated EU response to disasters is important, are more likely to agree that the EU should help any country worldwide hit by disasters by sending experts and equipment to affected areas (90% vs. 46%). Those who think enough is being done in the EU to prevent and prepare for disaster, are slightly more likely to agree with this statement that those who do not think so (90% vs 83%). Those who think a coordinated approach is more effective than individual country action are more likely to agree that the EU should help any country worldwide hit by disasters (91% vs. 61%).
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Effectiveness of EU-level coordination Europeans think coordinated EU actions are more effective than those taken by individual countries The absolute majority of respondents in all EU Member States agree that a coordinated EU action in dealing with disasters is more effective than actions by individual countries. Countries with the largest support for this statement include Portugal (92%, +3 percentage points), Ireland (89%, +4 pp), Greece (89%, -1 pp) and Cyprus (89%, +5 pp). Even where there is less support, one still observes strong levels of agreement in Italy (73%, -7 pp), the Czech Republic (74%, +1 pp) and Slovenia (75%, +2 pp). A five-percentage point difference in results compared with the last survey can be observed in five countries. The most notable change can be seen in Finland, where there is a 10-percentage point increase; 87% of respondents now agree that a coordinated EU action in dealing with disasters is more effective than actions by individual countries. The other countries showing a significant change include Sweden and Cyprus (both seeing an increase of 5pp) and Italy and Luxembourg (both down 7pp).
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Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
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At a socio demographic level there are no significant differences across age, sex or occupation. These results have been crossed against other questions with the following observations: Those who consider a coordinated EU approach to managing disasters as important, are more likely to agree that this approach is more effective than the actions of individual countries (85% vs. 35%). Respondents who think enough is being done in the region are slightly more likely to agree that a coordinated EU action in dealing with disasters is more effective than actions by individual countries (84% vs. 79%). Similarly, respondents who think enough is being done in the EU, are more likely than those who don’t think enough is being done, to agree with the statement (88% vs. 78%).
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EU Member States readiness to deal with disasters Majority do not think their country is ready to deal with disaster on its own In 24 EU Member States, the absolute majority of respondents do not agree their country has sufficient means to deal with all major disasters on their own. Least likely to think their country has sufficient means to deal with all major disasters on their own are respondents in Cyprus (88%, +5 percentage points), Estonia (86%, +3 pp) and Bulgaria (84%, +7 pp), all with increasing proportions since the last survey. Whilst the majority of EU States do not think their country has sufficient means, the absolute majority of respondents in Austria (57%, +10 pp) do think they have the means to respond to major disasters on their own. Similarly, large proportions of respondents in Germany (48%, + 6pp) and Hungary (48%, +1 pp) share this view. Countries with the largest movements since the last survey, include an increasing proportion of respondents in Greece (77%, +13 pp) and Portugal (76%, +10 pp) who are now more likely to disagree that their country has the sufficient means to deal with major disasters on their own. Whilst not the majority view in each country, a growing proportion of respondents since the last survey in Sweden (36%, +8 pp) and Slovakia (29%, + 7 pp) agree their country has the means to deal with all major disasters on its own. In the Netherlands, confidence has declined since the last survey, with less people thinking their country has the means to deal with all disasters on its own (41%, -8 pp), and an increasing proportion that do not think the country has sufficient means (52%, +7 pp).
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Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
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At a socio demographic level, there is little difference be age or sex. Managers, manual workers and other white collar workers are more likely to think their countries do not have the means to deal with disaster, compared with the self-employed and unemployed (5658% vs. 52%). A review of the cross tabulation questions shows respondents who think not enough is being done in the region, are more likely to disagree that their country has the sufficient means to deal with all disasters on their own (65% who think not enough is being done disagree, compared with 44% who think enough is being done). A similar pattern can be seen for respondents who think not enough is being done at the EU level. Those respondents however, who consider a coordinated EU response to be important, are more likely to disagree that their country has the sufficient means to deal with disaster on its own (57% important vs. 51% not important).
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A EU civil protection policy Majority agree the EU does need a civil protection policy More than three quarters of respondents in all countries agree the EU needs a civil protection policy because major disasters can have cross-border effects. Countries with the highest proportion of respondents agreeing the EU needs a civil protection policy include Sweden (96%, +2 percentage points), Portugal (95%, +1 pp) and Cyprus (95%, +3pp). At the lower end, still with considerable levels of agreement are Romania (77%, -1 pp) and Italy (79%, -7 pp). There has been very little movement in opinion since the last survey, with the exception of Italy (79%, -7 pp) and the Czech Republic (82%, -6 pp).
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929) 24
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Analysis at a socio demographic level reveals no significant difference between sexes. By age group, respondents aged 25-39 are slightly more likely than citizens aged 55+ to think the EU needs a civil protection policy (90% compared with 85%). The higher the level of education, the more likely they are to think a EU civil protection policy is required (80% for those who finished school aged 15 or younger, compared with 88-90%). Managers are more likely to agree there should be a EU civil protection policy, than the unemployed, retirees or house persons (91% compared with 85% each for unemployed, retirees or house persons). Results from the cross tabulated questions show those who think a EU coordinated approach to prepare for disasters is important are more likely to agree that the EU needs a civil protection policy because major disasters have cross-borders effects (90% important and agree vs. 52%). Respondents who think a coordinated disaster response by the EU is more effective than individual country action, are more likely to agree the EU needs a civil protection policy (92% vs. 67%). Finally, those who think enough is being done at an EU level are slightly more likely to agree with the statement (92% vs. 86%).
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II. PERCEPTION OF PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS FOR DISASTER Majority do not think enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters in their region, country or across the EU Respondents were asked whether they think enough is being done to prepare for disasters in their region, own country or across the European Union7. Responses to this question are compared with results from the Special Eurobarometer 433 carried out in March 2015. Almost half of respondents (49%, +6 percentage points) do not think enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters in their region, an increase from the last survey. When asked about the efforts in their own countries, half of all Europeans do not think enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters (50%, +3pp). Opinion is more divided when respondents were asked whether they thought enough was being done within the European Union to prevent or prepare for disasters. Around two in five respondents (43%, +3pp) do not think enough is being done, while one third think the EU is doing enough (33%, +2 pp). Slightly less than a quarter answered they do not know (24%, -5 pp), which is an improvement from the last survey.
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
A more detailed account of responses to each of these three items across the EU Member states is presented next.
7 QB5 Do you think enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters in…? 5.1 Your region; 5.2 (Our country); 5.3 The European Union. Yes; No; Do not know. 27
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1. Whether enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters at region level In 15 out of 28 Member States, an absolute majority of respondents do not think enough is being done at a regional level, to prevent or prepare for disasters. Countries where respondents are most likely to not think enough is being done include Greece (79%, +9 percentage points), Croatia (73%, + 8pp) and Romania (73%, +11), all with significant increases since the last survey. There are eight Member States, where the majority of respondents in each country agree there is enough prevention and preparation for disasters in their region. This is most notable in Austria (69%, -9 pp), with a significant decline since the last survey, and the Netherlands (61%, +1 pp). Since the last survey, across the majority of countries there have been some large decreases in the number of respondents who think enough is being done by the EU at a regional level. In particular, there has been a significant shift in opinion in the United Kingdom (34%, -19 pp), Denmark (45%, 18 pp) and Finland (41%, -17%), where during the last survey the absolute majority view was that enough was being done at a region level to prevent and prepare for disasters. Similarly, respondents in Ireland (60%, +16 pp) and Lithuania (59% +14 pp) are now more likely to think not enough is being done than they were in the last survey.
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Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
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At a socio demographic level, there are some differences according to sex, education and occupation:
Men are more likely than women to think enough is being done to prevent and prepare for disasters in their region (38% compared with 32%);
Respondents who finished their education at a younger age are more likely to think not enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters compared with those who completed their studies aged 20 or older (51% finished studies 16-19 years vs. 45-46% finished at age 20 or older);
Managers are less likely compared with other socio professional categories to think not enough is being done at their regional level to prepare or prevent against disaster (41% managers vs. 49-57% for other socio professional categories);
Those respondents who have difficulties paying bills are also more likely to think not enough is being done at a regional level (64% vs. 43% who never have difficulties paying bills);
This question has also been crossed with other questions in the survey:
Respondents who think not enough is being done at EU level are also more likely to think not enough is being done within their own region (75% vs. 28%);
Those who don’t think a coordinated EU response to disasters is important are more likely to think not enough is being done within the region (58% not important vs. 48% for important);
A similar view exists for Europeans who think a coordinated EU approach is less effective than actions by individual countries; they are more likely to think not enough is being done within their region (58% less effective compared with 48% who think a coordinated EU approach is more effective).
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2. Whether enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters at country level In terms of being prepared for disasters in their own countries, there are differing opinions between countries across the European Union. The absolute majority in 14 Member States and relative majority in a further six countries, do not think enough is being done in their own country. These Member States with the largest proportion of respondents that do not think this include Italy (76%, -6 percentage points), Greece (75%, +1 pp), Cyprus (74%, +8 pp) and Croatia (74%, +5 pp). This compares with eight countries where the majority of respondents think enough is being done. More than seven in ten respondents in the Netherlands (71%, +1 pp) and Austria (70%, -6 pp) have confidence in their own country’s capabilities. Over one in five respondents in five countries ‘do not know’, including Estonia (24%) and Denmark (22%). Since the last survey, there has been notable movements of five percentages points or more across 22 countries. Respondents in the United Kingdom (36%, -16 pp) and Denmark (53%, -12 pp) are now less likely to think enough is being done in their own country to prepare or prevent disasters. In the case of the United Kingdom, there has been a shift in opinion since the last survey, with the relative majority (44%) now thinking their country is not prepared for disaster. Similarly, with increasing proportions since the last survey, respondents in Ireland (65%, +10 pp), Lithuania (55%, +10 pp) and Malta (61%, +8 pp) are now more likely to think their countries are not prepared for disaster.
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Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
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Analysis of socio demographic results reveals no significant difference in opinion between men and women. However, by age, respondents aged 25-54 years are more likely to think not enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters in their own country, compared with the younger respondents (51-52% for 25-54 year-olds vs. 45% for 15-24 year-olds). Managers are less likely than other professions to say not enough is being done within their own country to prevent or prepare for disasters (45% vs. 53% other white collar workers and 51% manual workers). There is a similar pattern to the previous section when crossing results from this question with others. Europeans who do not think enough is being done in the EU to prevent and prepare for disaster are more likely to say not enough is being done in their own country (82% vs. 22%). Similarly at regional level, where respondents who don’t think enough is being done in their region, are more likely to say not enough is being done in their own country (87% vs. 14%). The respondents who think a coordinated response to disaster by the EU is less effective than individual country action, are also more likely to think not enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters in their own country (59% compared with 49% who think a coordinated EU response is more effective). Those who don’t think a disaster response that is coordinated by the EU is important, are also more likely to think not enough is being done in their own country to prevent or prepare for disaster (60% not important vs. 49%).
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3. Whether enough is being done to prepare for disasters at EU level Opinion at country level regarding whether enough is being done at the EU level to prepare or prevent against disaster is quite varied. In 15 Member States, the majority of respondents think enough is being done, whilst a majority in the remaining 13 States have the opposite view. The countries with the highest proportion of respondents who think enough is being done at the EU level include Hungary (57%, +4 percentage points), Malta (53%, +2 pp) and Lithuania (53%, +1 pp). In contrast, the absolute majority of respondents in Italy (55%, -2 pp), Germany (52%, +7 pp) and Luxembourg (51%, -1 pp) do not think enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters at an EU level. It is important to note that a large proportion of respondents in several countries ‘do not know’ if enough is being done at an EU level. One quarter or more respondents in 15 countries ‘do not know’ with Denmark (40%), Portugal (36%) and the United Kingdom (34%) being most likely to be unaware. Since the last survey in March 2015, there is increasing support amongst respondents who think enough is being done at the EU level in Greece (47%, +11 pp), Spain (38%, +10 pp) and Belgium (44%, +8 pp). However, respondents in Ireland (29%, -6 pp) and the United Kingdom (29%, -7 pp), are now less likely to think enough is being done at the EU level compared with the last survey. In four countries, there have been large increases in the view that not enough is being done at an EU level: Romania (44%, +18 pp), Croatia (49%, +11 pp), the Netherlands (36%, +10 pp) and Estonia (24%, +10 pp).
36
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 May 2017
Report
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
37
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 May 2017
Report
At a socio demographic level there are no significant differences between men and women, but there are small differences by age. Respondents aged 40+ are slightly more likely to think that not enough is being done at an EU level compared with those aged 15-24 years (43-44% vs. 39%). Respondents living in small/mid-sized towns are more likely to say that not enough is being done at an EU level, than those living in large towns (45% vs. 40% for large towns). When cross-tabulated against other questions there are similar trends to the previous questions, whereby those respondents who do not think enough is being done at a region level, or think a coordinated disaster response by the EU is not important, are more likely to say not enough is being done within the EU to prevent and prepare for disaster (for example, not enough being done in the region 65% vs. 25% for enough is being done).
38
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 May 2017
Report
III. PREFERRED INFORMATION CHANNELS In this section we explore preferences for information sources regarding EU civil protection policy. Majority of Europeans prefer the TV as their information source regarding EU civil protection policy Respondents were asked if they wanted to know about EU civil protection policy, which information source would they prefer8. This question was also asked in the Special Eurobarometer 433 carried out in March 2015. The two most mentioned sources again are the TV (57%) and the Internet (meaning websites and blogs, 46%). TV has remained the preferred medium since 2015 with only a slight decline in support (-1 pp). Interestingly, the Internet as a preferred information source has declined by 10 percentage points since the last survey. More than two in five respondents prefer traditional forms of media, like the written press (25%) and the radio (21%). However, both experienced five point declines since the last survey. Other sources chosen include online social media (16%, no change), information or awareness campaigns (14%, +2 pp) and books, brochures, information leaflets (10%, -2 pp).
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
8 QB4 If you wanted information about EU civil protection policy, which information sources would you prefer? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE). TV; The internet (website, blogs); Written press; Radio; Online social media; Information or awareness campaigns; Books, brochures, information leaflets; Other (Spontaneous); None / You do not look for such information, not interested (Spontaneous); Do not know. 39
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 May 2017
Report
In 19 Member States, the most mentioned information source about EU civil protection is the TV, compared with the Internet which is most mentioned by respondents in 9 countries. Countries with the highest proportions of respondents most mentioning the TV as their preferred information source about EU civil protection policy include Portugal (79%), Romania (67%) and Germany (66%) compared with 50% of respondents in Spain at the lower end of the chart. In nine countries, the Internet (website, blogs) is most mentioned by respondents as the preferred information source, with the highest proportions observed in Sweden (70%), Denmark (68%) and the Netherlands (66%).
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
In comparison with the survey results from 2015, the majority of Member States have observed declines in the proportion of respondents mentioning TV as their preferred source of information. The largest declines can be seen in Luxembourg (47%, -11 pp) and the Netherlands (53%, -11 pp), whilst respondents in Malta (60%, +13 pp) and Portugal (+12 pp) were more likely to mention TV as a preferred source of information in 2016. The Internet (websites, blogs), whilst still a popular information source, has seen declines across all Member States since the last survey in the proportions of those who prefer this as an information source for EU civil protection policy. There are 15 countries with a 10 or more percentage point decline since the last survey, with Italy (25%, -18 pp), Romania (28%, -16 pp) and Sweden (70%, - 14 pp) experiencing the largest declines. Written press is not the most mentioned information source amongst any of the Member States, however it is mentioned by more than two in five respondents in Luxembourg (41%) and Finland (40%) as being a preferred source and least mentioned by 11% of respondents in Bulgaria and 12% in Poland. Since the last survey however, there have been declines in support for this information source across the vast majority of Member States with France (26%, -13 pp) and Lithuania (16%, 12 pp) experiencing the largest declines, followed by Croatia (20%, -10 pp) and Romania (13%, 10pp). 40
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 May 2017
Report
Radio as a preferred source is mentioned by less than one third of respondents in 25 countries, and in most cases is declining in popularity as a preferred source of information for EU civil protection policy. Since the last survey, eight countries have experienced 10 or more percentage point declines with Lithuania declining the most (31%, -15 pp) followed by the Netherlands (24%, -13 pp) and Finland (18%, -13 pp). There have been notable increases since the last survey in 2015, in two countries for the proportion of people preferring online social media. A third of respondents in Cyprus (33%, +13 pp) and Malta (34%, +11%) now mention social media as a preferred source of information for EU civil protection policy, the highest proportions across all Member States. In most other countries, less than a third of respondents mention this as a preferred option (it should be noted in the last survey, the term ‘online social media’ was referred to as ‘online social networks’) With the exception of Belgium (28%) and Sweden (25%), information awareness campaigns are mentioned by less than one in five respondents across all Member States. The largest increase since the last survey can be seen in Belgium (+13 pp). Books, brochures, information leaflets are mentioned by few respondents as a preferred source of information about EU civil protection, with the exception for respondents in Belgium (21%, +8 pp), where there has been an increase since the last survey, and Sweden (21%, -7 pp).
41
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 May 2017
Report
Base: All respondents (n = 27,929)
42
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 May 2017
Report
There are some significant differences when looking at the socio demographic analysis.
Men are slightly more likely than women to prefer the Internet (48% vs. 43% women) as an information source;
Younger respondents, aged 15-24 and 25-39 are more likely to prefer the Internet, compared with those aged 55+ (62-67% vs. 24%). A similar trend can be observed for online social media where 31% of 15 to 24 year-old respondents prefer this as a source of information, compared to 6% of those aged 55+. The TV is their secondary source for information;
The most mentioned information sources amongst respondents aged 55+ years are TV (66%) and the written press (30%). Those aged 55+ are also more likely to prefer the radio as a source than respondents aged 15-25 years (25% vs. 15%).
Those who completed their education at or before the age of 15 years are more likely to prefer TV as their source of information (69% vs. 49% for those who remained in education until age 20 or older). Those who finished their education at or after the age of 20 years prefer the Internet (62% compared to 17% for respondents who finished education under the age of 15 years). Managers are more likely to express a preference for the Internet than other occupational groups (68% vs. 22%-56%). Managers, other white collar workers and the self-employed have stronger preference for the written press, and information or awareness campaigns (27-32% compared with 17% compared with 22%). Respondents who spend more time at home such as house persons and retired respondents are more likely to express a preference for TV (63-68% vs. 45% managers). Large town dwellers are more likely to express a preference for the Internet than smaller towns or villages (52% vs. 42-44%).
43
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 May 2017
Report
44
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 May 2017
Report CONCLUSION
This report has explored EU citizen awareness and attitudes towards the EU activities relating to civil protection, and reviewed any changing trends since the last Special Eurobarometer survey conducted in March 2015. The majority of Europeans are aware that the EU helps co-ordinate the response to disasters in the EU however, around four in ten respondents are not aware of the EU efforts. There is very strong support amongst EU citizens for a coordinated EU policy for disaster management, with nine in ten indicating it is important. However, the same level of confidence is not expressed when asked about what is being done within their region, their own country or across the EU to prevent or prepare for disasters. Europeans have the expectation other EU countries will help if disaster were to strike in their own country, and expect the EU to help any other country worldwide, should the need arise. This is not surprising given most EU Member States do not think their country has sufficient means to deal with a disaster on their own. As a result, there is widespread support for a coordinated civil protection policy, with more four in five EU citizens agreeing a coordinated effort is more effective than the actions of individual countries. The TV remains the preferred source of information about EU civil protection policy followed by the Internet, however there is less support for the Internet since the last survey. Similarly, less respondents mentioned the written press and radio as their preferred source. To conclude, while there is strong support for a coordinated EU civil protection policy from EU citizens, there does not seem to be high levels of awareness as to what the EU civil protection policy does, nor much confidence that enough is being done by the European Commission to prevent or prepare for disasters in their own region or country.
45
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 Technical specifications
May 2017
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Between the 26th November and the 05th December 2016, TNS opinion & social, a consortium created between TNS political & social, TNS UK and TNS opinion, carried out the wave 86.3 of the EUROBAROMETER survey, on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate-General for Communication, “Strategic Communication” Unit. The wave 86.3 covers the population of the respective nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the 28 Member States and aged 15 years and over.
TS 1
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454 Technical specifications
May 2017
The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a number of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to population size (for a total coverage of the country) and to population density. In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative regional units", after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole territory of the countries surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II1 (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the resident population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected sampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses (every Nth address) were selected by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, at random (following the "closest birthday rule"). All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in the appropriate national language. As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) was used in those countries where this technique was available. For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe description was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all countries surveyed, a national weighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was carried out based on this Universe description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality were introduced in the iteration procedure. For international weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS opinion & social applies the official population figures as provided by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices. The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure are listed here. Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits:
1
Figures updated in August 2015 TS 2
Civil protection
Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017 Questionnaire QUESTIONNAIRE I would like to ask you a few questions about disasters and civil protection. Civil protection means preventing and preparing for disasters as well as responding when they happen. By disasters we mean natural disasters like earthquakes and floods, as well as man-made disasters like industrial accidents. (M) QB1
Are you aware or not that the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in the EU? (ONE ANSWER ONLY) Yes 1 No 2 DK 3 NEW
QB2
How important or not do you think it is that the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in the EU? (ONE ANSWER ONLY) Very important 1 Fairly important 2 Not very important 3 Not at all important 4 DK 5 NEW
1
2 3
4
5
Coordinated EU action in dealing with disasters is more effective than actions by individual countries (OUR COUNTRY) has sufficient means to deal with all major disasters on its own The EU needs a civil protection policy because major disasters can have crossborder effects If a disaster happens in (OUR COUNTRY), you would expect other EU countries to provide help The EU should help in a coordinated manner any country worldwide hit by disasters by sending experts and equipment to affected areas (M)
DK
Totally disagree
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree
Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. (SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT - ONE ANSWER PER LINE) Totally agree
QB3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
EB83.2 QB1 MODIFIED
◊ Q1
Civil protection
Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017 Questionnaire QB4
If you wanted information about EU civil protection policy, which information sources would you prefer? (M) (SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) The Internet (websites, blogs) 1, Online social media (M) 2, Books, brochures, information leaflets 3, Written press 4, Radio 5, TV 6, Information or awareness campaigns 7, Other (SPONTANEOUS) 8, None\ You do not look for such information, not interested (SPONTANEOUS) 9, DK 10, EB83.2 QB2 MODIFIED
No
DK
Do you think enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters in…? (SHOW SCREEN – READ OUT - ONE ANSWER PER LINE) Yes
QB5
1
Your region
1
2
3
2 3
(OUR COUNTRY) The European Union
1 1
2 2
3 3 EB83.2 QB5
◊ Q2
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables QB1
Are you aware or not that the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in the EU? (%)
Yes
No
Don't know
EU28
55
42
3
BE
65
35
0
BG
47
49
4
CZ
47
51
2
DK
61
37
2
63
33
4
61
36
3 1
DE EE IE
75
24
EL
59
40
1
ES
52
47
1 3
FR
45
52
HR
53
46
1
IT
39
58
3
CY
64
35
1
LV
55
44
1
LT
68
30
2
LU
68
30
2
HU
47
51
2
MT
72
25
3
NL
30
69
1
AT
63
36
1
PL
70
24
6
PT
78
18
4
RO
50
47
3
SI
61
37
2
SK
45
52
3
FI
55
44
1
SE
61
38
1
UK
64
31
5
T1
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables QB2
Fairly important
Not very important
Not at all important
Don't know
Total 'Important'
Total 'Not important'
Very important
How important or not do you think it is that the EU helps to coordinate the response to disasters in the EU? (%)
EU28
47
43
6
1
3
90
7 7
BE
45
48
6
1
0
93
BG
51
39
3
0
7
90
3
CZ
31
51
11
3
4
82
14
DK
64
30
3
1
2
94
4
DE
52
40
5
1
2
92
6
EE
39
52
5
0
4
91
5
IE
70
27
2
0
1
97
2
EL
60
34
4
1
1
94
5
ES
44
51
3
0
2
95
3
FR
45
48
5
1
1
93
6
HR
42
46
7
2
3
88
9
IT
34
52
7
3
4
86
10
CY
79
18
2
1
0
97
3
LV
44
45
5
2
4
89
7
LT
45
50
4
0
1
95
4
LU
61
36
3
0
0
97
3
HU
36
55
5
1
3
91
6
MT
65
30
2
0
3
95
2
NL
43
44
10
2
1
87
12
AT
35
49
12
2
2
84
14 8
PL
43
45
7
1
4
88
PT
50
48
1
0
1
98
1
RO
40
48
9
1
2
88
10
SI
51
40
5
2
2
91
7
SK
33
53
7
3
4
86
10
FI
58
38
3
0
1
96
3
SE
72
23
3
1
1
95
4
UK
61
28
5
2
4
89
7
T2
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables
Total 'Disagree'
Total 'Agree'
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Don't know
Totally disagree
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree EB86.3
Totally agree Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. Coordinated EU action in dealing with disasters is more effective than actions by individual countries (%)
-1
40
2
10
0
3
-1
6
81
1
13
-1
45
4
9
-2
2
0
2
87
2
11
-2
32
1
7
2
3
-1
10
80
-3
10
1
42
1
17
0
3
0
6
74
1
20
0
0
35
-1
9
-2
4
2
9
78
-1
13
0
51
4
30
-5
10
1
3
-1
6
81
-1
13
0
38
0
44
1
8
-1
3
0
7
82
1
11
-1
3
37
1
6
-2
2
-1
3
89
4
8
-3
EB86.3
QB3.1
EU28
41
BE
42
-2
BG
48
-4
CZ
32
0
DK
43
DE EE IE
52
EL
53
-2
36
1
8
1
1
-1
2
89
-1
9
0
ES
46
-12
40
14
6
0
2
-2
6
86
2
8
-2
FR
39
-1
44
5
9
-2
3
0
5
83
4
12
-2
HR
46
2
38
-2
10
2
3
1
3
84
0
13
3
IT
31
-4
42
-3
14
4
5
2
8
73
-7
19
6
CY
58
1
31
4
6
-2
2
-1
3
89
5
8
-3
LV
43
4
42
-2
7
-1
2
0
6
85
2
9
-1
LT
37
-3
47
5
8
-1
2
-1
6
84
2
10
-2
LU
45
-13
37
6
8
2
3
1
7
82
-7
11
3 -4
HU
39
0
44
2
9
-3
3
-1
5
83
2
12
MT
48
-16
40
13
5
2
1
-2
6
88
-3
6
0
NL
37
-4
41
5
13
-2
4
0
5
78
1
17
-2
AT
35
0
43
4
15
1
2
-5
5
78
4
17
-4
PL
31
-2
48
3
12
0
3
0
6
79
1
15
0
PT
49
5
43
-2
5
-1
0
-1
3
92
3
5
-2
RO
37
-2
38
2
14
4
4
-1
7
75
0
18
3
SI
38
1
37
1
15
2
5
1
5
75
2
20
3
SK
31
2
50
2
10
-3
2
-3
7
81
4
12
-6
FI
40
2
47
8
8
-5
2
-3
3
87
10
10
-8
SE
49
3
39
2
8
-2
1
-2
3
88
5
9
-4
UK
41
1
36
-4
10
0
3
-1
10
77
-3
13
-1
T3
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables
Total 'Disagree'
Total 'Agree'
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Don't know
Totally disagree
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree EB86.3
Totally agree Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. (OUR COUNTRY) has sufficient means to deal with all major disasters on its own (%)
1
26
0
34
-1
22
-1
6
38
1
56
-2
18
2
43
-2
30
-1
2
25
4
73
-3
7
-4
25
3
59
4
5
11
-7
84
7
29
1
34
-6
23
7
6
37
-2
57
1
-3
29
-3
32
8
4
35
-4
61
5
30
0
35
-4
12
0
5
48
6
47
-4
9
-3
37
-3
49
6
4
10
-4
86
3
3
16
-1
28
-2
41
-1
6
25
2
69
-3
EB86.3
QB3.2
EU28
12
BE
7
2
BG
4
-3
CZ
8
-3
DK
12
-1
23
DE
18
6
EE
1
-1
IE
9
EL
6
-8
16
-5
43
9
34
4
1
22
-13
77
13
ES
13
-1
26
5
34
4
21
-4
6
39
4
55
0
FR
8
2
20
-7
40
1
26
2
6
28
-5
66
3
HR
6
0
19
1
30
-7
43
7
2
25
1
73
0
IT
13
0
31
2
33
3
18
-6
5
44
2
51
-3
CY
3
0
8
-4
25
-1
63
6
1
11
-4
88
5
LV
4
0
9
3
31
-7
54
6
2
13
3
85
-1
LT
4
1
10
1
42
0
41
-3
3
14
2
83
-3
LU
5
1
15
5
43
11
28
-17
9
20
6
71
-6
HU
16
2
32
-1
29
-1
19
-2
4
48
1
48
-3
MT
4
1
10
1
41
13
41
-16
4
14
2
82
-3
NL
12
0
29
-8
39
2
13
5
7
41
-8
52
7
AT
18
1
39
9
30
-7
8
-4
5
57
10
38
-11
PL
12
1
28
4
34
-2
20
-4
6
40
5
54
-6
PT
5
-2
13
-11
29
-6
47
16
6
18
-13
76
10
RO
14
4
19
2
29
-3
34
-2
4
33
6
63
-5
SI
5
1
13
-2
43
7
35
-4
4
18
-1
78
3 -7
SK
7
1
22
6
35
2
31
-9
5
29
7
66
FI
7
-1
26
1
40
-1
25
2
2
33
0
65
1
SE
5
1
31
7
27
-13
35
6
2
36
8
62
-7
UK
18
7
28
-5
30
-4
14
-2
10
46
2
44
-6
T4
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables
Total 'Disagree'
Total 'Agree'
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Don't know
Totally disagree
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree EB86.3
Totally agree Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. The EU needs a civil protection policy because major disasters can have cross-border effects (%)
-1
42
0
5
0
2
0
6
87
-1
7
0
44
-4
5
-2
1
0
1
93
3
6
-2
33
1
3
0
2
1
8
87
-2
5
1
46
2
11
4
2
1
5
82
-6
13
5
7
34
-5
3
-3
2
0
6
89
2
5
-3
59
2
33
0
4
-1
1
-1
3
92
2
5
-2
40
2
47
1
3
-1
2
0
8
87
3
5
-1
50
-1
41
2
3
-1
1
0
5
91
1
4
-1
EB86.3
QB3.3
EU28
45
BE
49
7
BG
54
-3
CZ
36
-8
DK
55
DE EE IE
EL
50
-4
43
2
4
0
1
1
2
93
-2
5
1
ES
51
-8
39
9
2
0
0
-1
8
90
1
2
-1
FR
42
3
47
-1
4
-1
1
0
6
89
2
5
-1
HR
45
-2
44
1
7
1
2
1
2
89
-1
9
2
IT
29
-11
50
4
10
3
3
1
8
79
-7
13
4
CY
60
0
35
3
2
0
0
-1
3
95
3
2
-1
LV
44
-2
43
0
5
1
2
1
6
87
-2
7
2
LT
35
-9
52
9
3
-2
2
0
8
87
0
5
-2
LU
49
-5
43
4
4
-1
2
1
2
92
-1
6
0
HU
52
3
38
-4
5
-1
2
1
3
90
-1
7
0
MT
44
-16
46
13
2
0
0
-1
8
90
-3
2
-1
NL
46
6
43
-5
6
0
1
-1
4
89
1
7
-1
AT
38
-4
46
2
12
4
2
-1
2
84
-2
14
3
PL
33
-4
50
0
8
2
3
2
6
83
-4
11
4
PT
50
8
45
-7
2
-1
0
-1
3
95
1
2
-2
RO
37
-4
40
3
13
6
2
-1
8
77
-1
15
5
SI
55
-3
35
7
5
1
1
-1
4
90
4
6
0
SK
39
-1
49
3
6
-2
1
-1
5
88
2
7
-3
FI
55
-2
38
4
4
-1
1
0
2
93
2
5
-1
SE
71
10
25
-8
2
-1
1
0
1
96
2
3
-1
UK
43
5
41
-6
4
-3
2
0
10
84
-1
6
-3
T5
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables
Total 'Disagree'
Total 'Agree'
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Don't know
Totally disagree
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree EB86.3
Totally agree Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. If a disaster happens in (OUR COUNTRY), you would expect other EU countries to provide help (%)
-1
33
0
6
0
3
1
2
89
-1
9
1
34
-4
4
-1
1
0
1
94
0
5
-1
31
-2
8
-2
4
-2
6
82
3
12
-4
36
-6
10
3
3
2
2
85
-5
13
5
4
24
-5
5
0
3
1
2
90
-1
8
1
EB86.3
QB3.4
EU28
56
BE
60
4
BG
51
5
CZ
49
1
DK
66
DE
73
3
22
-2
3
-1
1
-1
1
95
1
4
-2
EE
57
-1
37
1
3
0
2
0
1
94
0
5
0
IE
66
-4
27
1
4
1
1
1
2
93
-3
5
2 -1
EL
59
7
32
-6
7
0
2
-1
0
91
1
9
ES
61
-8
31
10
5
0
2
0
1
92
2
7
0
FR
57
0
36
1
3
-2
2
1
2
93
1
5
-1
HR
53
-3
36
1
7
1
3
1
1
89
-2
10
2
IT
36
-4
42
-3
12
3
6
3
4
78
-7
18
6
CY
65
13
27
1
5
-5
3
-7
0
92
14
8
-12
LV
51
3
35
-3
8
0
3
0
3
86
0
11
0
LT
40
-4
46
5
9
0
2
-1
3
86
1
11
-1
LU
64
-11
31
9
2
0
2
1
1
95
-2
4
1
HU
53
8
34
-5
8
-4
3
0
2
87
3
11
-4
MT
71
-13
26
12
1
0
0
0
2
97
-1
1
0
NL
60
-6
33
3
4
2
2
1
1
93
-3
6
3
AT
47
-12
43
8
8
3
1
0
1
90
-4
9
3
PL
47
1
40
0
8
0
3
-1
2
87
1
11
-1
PT
72
22
23
-20
3
-1
1
-1
1
95
2
4
-2
RO
39
-14
38
4
15
10
4
0
4
77
-10
19
10
SI
67
4
26
-2
5
3
1
0
1
93
2
6
3
SK
47
-4
42
4
6
-1
2
0
3
89
0
8
-1
FI
63
0
32
2
3
-1
1
-1
1
95
2
4
-2
SE
71
7
23
-5
3
-2
2
0
1
94
2
5
-2
UK
56
-2
31
0
8
1
2
-1
3
87
-2
10
0
T6
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables
EB86.3
0
3
1
3
Total 'Disagree'
Total 'Agree'
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
8
EB86.3
EB86.3
4
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
42
EB86.3
EB86.3
Don't know
Totally disagree
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree -5
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
44
EB86.3
Totally agree EU28
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. The EU should help in a coordinated manner any country worldwide hit by disasters by sending experts and equipment to affected areas (%)
EB86.3
QB3.5
86
-1
11
1
BE
39
-7
48
7
10
-2
2
1
1
87
0
12
-1
BG
39
-9
41
4
9
1
4
2
7
80
-5
13
3
CZ
34
-6
45
0
14
5
4
1
3
79
-6
18
6
DK
49
-8
35
6
9
1
3
0
4
84
-2
12
1
DE
52
-4
36
2
8
1
2
0
2
88
-2
10
1
EE
33
-6
50
4
9
0
3
1
5
83
-2
12
1 -6
IE
59
3
36
2
2
-5
1
-1
2
95
5
3
EL
50
-11
43
9
4
0
2
2
1
93
-2
6
2
ES
54
-15
40
16
3
-1
1
0
2
94
1
4
-1 1
FR
41
-1
45
1
9
1
3
0
2
86
0
12
HR
42
-10
48
9
7
2
2
0
1
90
-1
9
2
IT
27
-6
49
5
10
-5
7
4
7
76
-1
17
-1
CY
65
-7
31
9
2
0
2
-1
0
96
2
4
-1
LV
37
-8
46
4
11
2
3
1
3
83
-4
14
3
LT
35
-14
52
11
8
2
1
0
4
87
-3
9
2
LU
41
-10
47
8
7
1
3
0
2
88
-2
10
1
HU
45
0
45
3
6
-4
1
0
3
90
3
7
-4
MT
43
-17
46
14
7
3
1
-1
3
89
-3
8
2
NL
40
-6
39
0
15
5
4
1
2
79
-6
19
6
AT
34
-9
44
2
14
5
6
1
2
78
-7
20
6
PL
37
-1
46
1
11
1
3
0
3
83
0
14
1
PT
56
13
39
-9
3
-3
1
-1
1
95
4
4
-4
RO
38
-15
39
5
15
9
3
0
5
77
-10
18
9
SI
44
-8
38
4
10
5
6
4
2
82
-4
16
9
SK
36
-2
50
5
7
-4
2
-1
5
86
3
9
-5
FI
47
1
42
0
8
0
2
-1
1
89
1
10
-1
SE
64
0
30
3
3
-3
2
0
1
94
3
5
-3
UK
53
3
36
-1
5
-2
2
-1
4
89
2
7
-3
T7
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables If you wanted information about EU civil protection policy, which information sources would you prefer? (%)
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
TV
Radio
Written press
Books, brochures, information leaflets
Online social media
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) The Internet (websites, blogs)
EB86.3
QB4
EU28
46
-10
16
0
10
-2
25
-5
21
-5
57
-1
BE
57
-4
23
6
21
8
41
1
38
-1
65
-2
BG
24
-9
14
0
6
1
11
-6
10
-5
58
-9
CZ
51
-8
17
-5
11
-1
28
-6
22
-10
55
-6
DK
68
-12
26
-2
12
-2
27
-3
20
-7
48
-3
DE
51
-10
19
1
12
-2
37
-2
34
-6
66
-3
EE
52
-13
22
-3
5
-5
23
-6
26
-12
51
-6
IE
56
-10
23
2
14
3
22
3
19
1
36
-1
EL
46
-2
22
2
10
1
14
-5
10
-8
62
-2
ES
45
-8
12
-4
6
-2
17
-5
15
-5
50
-2
FR
45
-9
16
1
10
-4
26
-13
27
-7
59
-2
HR
36
-11
17
-5
6
-4
20
-10
15
-8
56
-7
IT
25
-18
12
-4
11
-5
33
-4
16
1
64
4
CY
49
-10
33
13
6
-2
13
-4
15
0
52
-4
LV
58
-6
20
0
4
-2
15
-2
25
-11
54
-9
LT
49
-10
20
0
3
-3
16
-12
31
-15
62
-9
LU
63
-4
21
-1
12
-8
41
-9
33
-9
47
-11
HU
35
-9
13
2
5
-2
17
-9
20
-4
59
-9
MT
50
-5
34
11
6
-3
14
-3
22
1
60
13
NL
66
-16
23
-5
17
-6
37
-5
24
-13
53
-11
AT
31
-13
24
4
14
-3
37
-5
30
-12
56
-1
PL
42
-8
13
3
7
-1
12
-7
18
-10
64
-3
PT
26
-10
13
1
6
-4
25
-7
12
2
79
12
RO
28
-16
14
1
10
0
13
-10
19
-7
67
-8
SI
49
-10
19
1
5
-5
26
-4
26
-4
52
-4
SK
40
-10
17
-8
10
2
24
-7
28
-4
58
-5
FI
61
-9
19
-3
11
-2
40
-6
18
-13
49
-8
SE
70
-14
19
-7
21
-7
29
4
28
1
42
3
UK
62
-9
17
5
7
-2
15
1
11
1
32
8
T8
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables If you wanted information about EU civil protection policy, which information sources would you prefer? (%)
Total 'Internet'
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Don't know
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
Other (SPONTANEOUS)
None/ You do not look for such information, not interested (SPONTANEOUS)
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) Information or awareness campaigns
EB86.3
QB4
EU28
14
2
1
-1
7
2
1
51
-9
BE
28
13
2
1
3
0
0
61
-3
BG
11
2
0
0
24
10
1
29
-8
CZ
12
-2
1
-1
8
4
0
54
-9
DK
17
2
2
-2
5
4
0
74
-9
DE
13
2
1
-3
4
0
0
56
-9
EE
8
-2
1
-1
12
4
1
56
-12
IE
12
3
1
-2
4
2
1
64
-8
EL
13
5
1
-4
8
2
0
50
-2
ES
10
2
0
-3
8
3
1
48
-8
FR
16
0
0
-2
4
2
0
50
-9
HR
7
-4
1
-1
11
8
1
42
-14
IT
21
1
1
-2
13
7
1
31
-17
CY
8
-1
1
-1
8
3
0
59
-2
LV
6
0
1
-2
4
2
0
62
-8
LT
7
0
1
0
8
6
0
55
-7
LU
16
-5
1
-4
2
2
0
65
-8 -7
HU
6
-2
1
0
14
7
1
40
MT
9
0
0
-2
2
-4
0
59
-1
NL
18
0
1
-1
2
1
0
72
-13
AT
18
0
1
-5
12
6
1
42
-11
PL
14
3
0
-1
7
1
2
46
-6
PT
9
-1
1
-1
5
-3
1
33
-7
RO
14
4
0
-2
10
5
1
32
-15
SI
7
1
3
-2
6
-4
1
56
-5
SK
14
2
1
0
13
6
1
45
-12
FI
17
-2
0
-2
2
2
0
65
-8
SE
25
4
0
-4
2
1
0
75
-12
UK
5
0
0
-1
7
1
2
69
-6
T9
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables
Don't know
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
No
Yes
Do you think enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters in…? Your region (%)
EB86.3
QB5.1
35
-5
49
6
16
4
44
0
10
-4
71
2
17
-4
41
5
14
45
-18
22
3
33
DE
52
-1
34
9
14
EE
27
-4
42
13
31
IE
24
-11
60
16
16
EU28 BE
46
BG
12
CZ
45
DK
EL
15
-10
79
9
6
ES
21
2
57
-1
22
FR
38
-5
47
6
15
HR
21
-5
73
8
6
IT
22
2
71
1
7
CY
18
-6
72
7
10
LV
27
0
53
0
20
LT
26
-11
59
14
15
LU
31
-7
54
0
15
HU
52
-2
34
-1
14
MT
15
-8
64
9
21
NL
61
1
22
2
17
AT
69
-9
21
6
10
PL
28
-3
51
5
21
PT
10
-15
69
11
21
RO
19
-7
73
11
8
SI
44
5
47
-5
9
SK
27
-2
57
0
16
FI
41
-17
35
13
24
SE
37
-8
40
11
23
UK
34
-19
40
13
26
T10
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables
Don't know
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
No
Yes
Do you think enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters in…? (OUR COUNTRY) (%)
EB86.3
QB5.2
37
-2
50
3
13
1
48
3
6
3
73
-6
13
4
43
-1
12
53
-12
25
3
22
DE
54
-4
36
8
10
EE
42
2
34
8
24
IE
21
-8
65
10
14
EU28 BE
46
BG
14
CZ
45
DK
EL
20
-1
75
1
5
ES
27
3
52
-3
21
FR
40
-5
49
5
11
HR
21
-2
74
5
5
IT
17
7
76
-6
7
CY
20
-5
74
8
6
LV
32
1
49
-4
19
LT
33
-7
55
10
12
LU
35
-7
52
1
13
HU
56
4
34
-5
10
MT
23
-8
61
8
16
NL
71
1
20
-1
9
AT
70
-6
22
5
8
PL
33
2
48
1
19 21
PT
15
-8
64
6
RO
18
-5
73
6
9
SI
32
6
58
-7
10
SK
31
3
54
-6
15
FI
58
-3
27
0
15
SE
38
-7
45
8
17
UK
36
-16
44
10
20
T11
Civil protection Special Eurobarometer 454
May 2017
Tables
Don't know
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
Diff. EB86.3 - 83.2
EB86.3
No
Yes
Do you think enough is being done to prevent or prepare for disasters in…? The European Union (%)
EB86.3
QB5.3
33
2
43
3
24
8
46
-2
10
6
25
1
33
5
37
3
21
35
-2
25
-1
40
DE
32
4
52
7
16
EE
44
5
24
10
32
IE
29
-6
47
9
24
EU28 BE
44
BG
42
CZ
42
DK
EL
47
11
33
-4
20
ES
38
10
37
-6
25
FR
30
0
47
4
23
HR
36
-2
49
11
15
IT
19
6
55
-2
26
CY
50
7
22
-2
28
LV
48
5
23
-1
29
LT
53
1
23
1
24
LU
32
-1
51
-1
17
HU
57
4
25
-5
18
MT
53
2
26
1
21
NL
37
-2
36
10
27
AT
49
4
33
2
18
PL
38
5
35
1
27
PT
27
1
37
-4
36
RO
36
-4
44
18
20
SI
33
2
39
-4
28
SK
35
4
39
-4
26
FI
42
6
32
-4
26
SE
27
5
45
-1
28
UK
29
-7
37
3
34
T12
