Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group

2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL Technologies Freiberg, 8th * 12th May, 2007 Thomas Porsche, Hubertus Altmann, Dmitry Korobov; Vattenfall Europe Generation AG & Co. KG (Germany) Nicklas Simonsson; Vattenfall R&D AB (Sweden)

Content

1. Electricity Generation in Europe 2. Power Plants - Clean, Safe, Efficient 3. Vattenfall Biofuel Gasification 4. History of Gasification in Schwarze Pumpe 5. Summary

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Electricity Generation in Europe

Electricity Generation in the EU 25 - tomorrow Until 2030, an increase in the energy demand of 35% is forecasted for the EU 25.

TWh

New capacities will mainly base on fossil fuels.

≈ 60 %

≈ 50 %

2004 Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

2030

Even in the future, coal will play a leading role as primary energy carrier.

source: VGB Powertech „Facts and Figures Electricity Generation 2006“

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Statistic Range of Energy Carriers Worldwide Coal has got the longestlasting range of all fossil energy carriers.

Oil

Reserves

Conventional Non conventional

Resources

Gas

The deposits in the EU 25 mainly comprise hard coal and lignite.

Conventional Non conventional

Thus, coal will be important for electricity generation also in the distant future.

Hard coal

Uranium

Lignite

Reserve: Documented stock of primary energy that can be produced economically with state-of-the-art technology. Resource: Additional deposits that is documented but cannot be exploited economically with technology currently available. source: VGB Powertech „Facts and Figures Electricity Generation 2006“

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Vattenfall - Energy from Northern Europe nuclear fossil renewable

Generation of electricity and heat in 2006

heat

Electricity generation of the Vattenfall Group (165 TWh) 85TWh fossil 45 % nuclear 34 % renewable 21 %

Nordic Countries

8 TWh 77 TWh Germany

Strom

Wärme

16 TWh

Poland Heat generation of the Vattenfall Group (34 TWh) 11 TWh 3 TWh fossil 80 % renewable 20 % power

power

heat

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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heat

Powerful Results of Vattenfall Europe - 2005 • Turnover:

€ 10.5 billion

• Employees:

20.778 (31 Dec. 2005)

• Customers:

Electricity 3 million costumers Heat

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

about 1.2 million residential units

• Capacity:

about 16,600 MW

• Generation:

77 TWh

• Grids:

10,000 km (transmission) 75,000 km (distribution)

• Mining:

59.4 million tons of lignite

• Energy Sources:

Lignite, uranium, water, hard coal, biomass, waste, wind, solar

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Lignite Mining

(2006)

Vattenfall Europe total

58.0 million t

- Jänschwalde

14.5 million t

- Cottbus-Nord

5.1 million t

- Welzow-Süd

19.4 million t

- Nochten

19.0 million t

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Generation from Coal (31 Dec. 2006) Vattenfall Europe (gross capacity) lignite power plants

7.420 [MW] 8.095 [MW]

- Jänschwalde

3.000 [MW]

- Boxberg

1.900 [MW] + 675 [MW]

- Schwarze Pumpe

1.600 [MW]

- Lippendorf (50% property) bituminous power plants - Rostock

920 [MW] 553 [MW] 2.993 [MW] 553 [MW]

- Moorburg (Hamburg)

1.640 [MW]

- Klingenberg (Berlin)

800 [MW]

smaller units

3.183 [MW]

- Berlin (partly gas / oil)

2.708 [MW]

- Hamburg (partly gas / oil)

475 [MW]

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

new projects

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State-of-the-Art Lignite Power Plants Boxberg Unit R ηnet: Pel: MS: RS: ES:

43.7 % 675 MW 600 °C / 286 bar 610 °C / 50 bar 32 / 39 mbar

1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600

Boxberg N

Boxberg R

spec. CO2 emission [g/kWh]

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Foundation-stone Boxberg R – 12.04.2007

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Aerial photograph Boxberg R – 17.04.2007

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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A State-of-the-Art Hard Coal Power Plant Moorburg ηnet: Pel: MS: RS: ES:

46.5 % 2 x 820 MW 600 °C / 276 bar 610 °C / 50 bar 26 mbar

900 850 800 750 700 650 600

Rostock

Moorburg

spez. CO2 Emission [g/kWh]

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Conclusion

1. Electricity generation in the EU-25 will increase in the next years. 2. Fossil fuel, especial coal will play a great role. 3. CO2-capture is the next challenge for clean coal technology. 4. Gasification like IGCC could be one of the key technologys.

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Vattenfall Biofuel Gasification

Vattenfall experiences in biofuel gasification Vattenfall has for a number of years been involved with biofuel gasification. The goal was to produce power or combined heat and power. The purpose was to find sustainable solutions based on biofuel gasification. Biofuels used are wood, wood residues, bark, straw and black liquor. Examples of activities: • 1988 – 91 Atmospheric gasification with gas engine • 1990 – 95 Pressurized air blown gasification - Tampella • 2004 – 06 Co-sponsor of black liquor gasification - Chemrec

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Gasification pilot plant in Tampere, Finland

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Biofuel IGCC for CHP

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Black Liquor Gasification Black Liquor • Energy rich by-product from pulp production • Consists of Lignin, Cooking Chemicals, Extractives and Water • Heating value ~14 MJ/kg (dry substance) • The annual use of black liquor in Sweden is 35-40 TWh The syngas can be used for production of power, gasoline, diesel or chemicals Vattenfall supported the development of black liquor gasification

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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History of Gasification in Schwarze Pumpe; Eastern Germany

Lignite Mining and Power Generation in eastern Germany

Eastern German lignite region (Lusatia) Freiberg

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Coal conversion complex Schwarze Pumpe - 1990

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Coal conversion complex Schwarze Pumpe - 1990

Lignite 41 mill. t/a

Energy 8.000 GWh/a Briquette 10 mill. t/a Town Gas 5.700 mill. Nm³/a BHT-Coke 1,5 mill. t/a

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Types of gasifiers in Schwarze Pumpe Fixed bed gasifier

fixed bed slag gasifier

entrained-flow gasifier

Quelle: Porsche, Th.: Methanolerzeugung aus schadstoffhaltigen Abfällen; SIDAF – Fachtagung; Freiberg 04. – 05. März 2004

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Technology of Gasification plant

Fixed bed Gasifier

Solid fuel

Liquid fuel

Preparation

Conditioning

steam / oxygen ~

Entrained-flow Gasifier Liquid slag Gasifier CO-Shift

Rectisol Gas Purification

50 MWel ~

Gas Turbine HRSG

Purge Gas

Steam

Sour Gas

FGD

Gypsum Steam

Methanol Synthesis Methanol Distillation

30 MWel ~

Steam Turbine

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

Methanol, Grade AA (120.000 t/h) 25

Quelle: Porsche, Th.: Methanolerzeugung aus schadstoffhaltigen Abfällen; SIDAF – Fachtagung; Freiberg 04. – 05. März 2004

Possibilities of Gasification – Liquid fuel Solid fuel

Liquid fuel

Coal Conditioning

Preparation

Fixed bed Gasifier

steam / oxygen ~

Gasification

Entrained-flow Gasifier

Liquid slag Gasifier CO-Shift

CO-Shift Rectisol Gas Purification

50 MWel ~

Gas Turbine HRSG

Purge Gas

Steam

Methanol Synthesis Methanol Distillation

Sour Gas

FGD

Gypsum Steam

Fischer-TropschSynthesis

30 MWel ~

Steam Turbine

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

Methanol, Grade AA (120.000 t/h) 26

Liquid fuel

Quelle: Porsche, Th.: Methanolerzeugung aus schadstoffhaltigen Abfällen; SIDAF – Fachtagung; Freiberg 04. – 05. März 2004

Possibilities of Gasification - IGCC Solid fuel

Liquid fuel

Coal Conditioning

Preparation

Fixed bed Gasifier

steam / oxygen ~

Gasification

Entrained-flow Gasifier

Liquid slag Gasifier CO-Shift

CO-Shift H2 50 MWel

CO2-free energy

~

Gas Turbine

Purge Gas

Rectisol Gas Purification

Sour Gas

FGD

Gypsum Steam

Methanol Synthesis

CO2-Separation HRSG

Steam

Methanol Distillation

30 MWel ~

Steam Turbine

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

Methanol, Grade AA (120.000 t/h) 27

Quelle: Porsche, Th.: Methanolerzeugung aus schadstoffhaltigen Abfällen; SIDAF – Fachtagung; Freiberg 04. – 05. März 2004

Clean Coal Technology CO2-free power plants

Possibilities to Reduce CO2 - Emissions

CCS

η

CCS - carbon capture and storage Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Comparison of CCS Technologies (Process)

CCS - carbon capture and storage Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

source: European Platform for: Zero Emission Power Plants - SRA

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Power Generation CO2-capture for Large Scale Power Plants

Post-combustion

Oxy-fuel process

Pre-combustion (IGCC)

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Power Generation Cost for Large Scale Power Plants in 2020

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Requirements for a Large Scale IGCC power plant 1. Availability over 90 % 2. Keep the transmission code 3. High efficency 4. High CO2-capture 5. Low investment and operating costs 6. commercial plant with warranty

Conclusion: The IGCC-Technology has a good chance for CO2-free power plants in the future.

Gasification – History and Activities within the Vattenfall Group 09.05.2007, Freiberg, Dr. Thomas Porsche, Vattenfall Europe Generation

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Thank you for your attention!