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The Schiller Code Walther Parson1, 2, Odile Loreille3 1 Institute
of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria 2 Penn State Eberly College of Science, University Park, PA, USA 3 American registry of Pathology supporting the AFMES, Dover AFB, Dover DE 19902, USA
Goethe-Schiller Memorial, Weimar, Germany
www.fotocommunity.de
Tomb of the Princes, Weimar, Germany
© R.Möhler - Originally posted to Panoramio, Creative Commons sa 3.0
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Tomb of the Princes, Weimar, Germany
www.knerger.de
Schiller’s death masks 10.5.1805 Schiller died, culptor Klauer took death mask
W. Parson
Funeral in the arches 12.5.1805 Schiller was buried in the arches of St. Jacobs church as 53rd of 64 burials (the arches were built for 20 burials)
W. Parson
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Search for Schiller’s remains 1826 Arches destroyed Carl Leberecht Schwabe, major of Weimar, initiated project to search for Schiller‘s remains. Took several attempts in the course of a year and resulted in Schwabe-Skeleton = Fürstengruft-Skeleton
Bei der Betrachtung von Schillers Schädel (J.W. v. Goethe) Geheim Gefäss. Orakelsprüche spendend, wie bin ich wert, dich in der Hand zu halten? W. Parson
Tomb of the Princes, Weimar, Germany 17.12.1827 The Schwabe-Skeleton was buried in the tomb of the princes in Weimar
www.klassik-stiftung.de
Doubts about identity - Hermann Welcker 1883 Welcker‘s research: death mask (1805) and cast replica of the skull (1827) don’t fit
W. Parson
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Second search for Schiller’s remains 1911 Anatomist August von Froriep recovered scull and skeletal elements of 63 individuals and presented the true remains of Schiller - Froriep-skeleton
www.faz.net W. Parson
Developments in the 20th century 1914 The Froriep-skeleton was also buried in the tomb of the princes in a simple, black wooden coffin. Since that time there are two almost complete sets of skeletal remains attributed to Schiller. A lot of criticism and discussion (Froriep’s skeleton is female). 1959 The Schwabe-skeleton was investigated during renovation work. The anthropologist Herbert Ullrich measured the skeletal remains, the Russian expert Michael Gerasimow performed the re-modeling of the skull. 1961 Ullrich declared the Schwabe-skeleton as the authentic Schiller skeleton. 60’s to 90s Many publications of Ullrich; but also critical voices. 2006 The classic foundation of Weimar authorized an interdisciplinary project to finally solve the question on the authentic scull with diverse methods (Anthropology, Chemistry, Molecular Biology). W. Parson
The players Herbert Ulrich
Ralf Jahn
Thomas Prohaska
Ursula Wittwer-Backofen
Mike Coble/Odile Loreille
“Wir sollten keine Angst haben, wissen zu dürfen, was wir wissen können”
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Superimposition
„Ja, hier handelt es sich um Schillers Schädel.“
autosomal STR
mtDNA
Y-STR
x
x x
x x x
x
x x
o o
o
o
o oo o
o
o
o
o
oo o
o J. Butler, NIST
J. Butler, NIST
Mendelian Inheritance
Paternal Inheritance
Maternal Inheritance
Standard DNA markers in Crime Casework Paternity Casework
Evaluation of paternal relatedness over many generations
Evaluation of maternal relatedness over many generations
W. Parson
DNA-Analyses
Elisabeth Dorothea Kodweiß
Johann C. Schiller
* 27.10.1723 + 07.09.1796 (Gerlingen)
mtDNA – Schiller - Code
Christophine Reinwald geb. Schiller
Luise D. Franckh geb. Schiller
* 04.09.1757 + 31.08.1847 (Meiningen)
* 23.01.1766 + 14.09.1836 (Möckmühl) (Möckmühl) (Möckmühl)
* 13.12.1732 + 29.04.1802 (Cleversulzb‘)
Either is the skull not from Friedrich Schiller or Friedrich Schiller was a foundling (different mothers)
mtDNA
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DNA-Analyses
* 27.10.1723 + 07.09.1796 (Gerlingen)
Charlotte v. Lengefeld
* 22.10.1766 + 09.07.1826 (Bonn)
Elisabeth Dorothea Kodweiß
Johann C. Schiller
mtDNA – Schiller - Code
* 13.12.1732 + 29.04.1802 (Cleversulzb‘)
Y – Schiller - Code
Ernst v. Schiller
Karl Freiherr v. Schiller
* 11.07.1796 + 19.05.1841 (Bonn)
* 14.09.1793 + 21.06.1857 (Stuttgart) Ernst Freiherr v. Schiller
mtDNA Y
Christophine Reinwald geb. Schiller
Luise D. Franckh geb. Schiller
* 04.09.1757 + 31.08.1847 (Meiningen)
* 23.01.1766 + 14.09.1836 (Möckmühl) (Möckmühl) (Möckmühl)
The „Schwabe-skull“ can only belong to Friedrich Schiller if he was a foundling and if he was not the biological father of his two sons
* 28.12.1826 + 08.05.1877 (Stuttgart)
DNA-Analyses Charlotte v. Lengefeld
Johann C. Schiller
Elisabeth Dorothea Kodweiß
* 27.10.1723 + 07.09.1796 (Gerlingen)
* 13.12.1732 + 29.04.1802 (Cleversulzb‘)
* 22.10.1766 + 09.07.1826 (Bonn)
Ernst v. Schiller
Karl Freiherr v. Schiller
* 11.07.1796 + 19.05.1841 (Bonn)
* 14.09.1793 + 21.06.1857 (Stuttgart)
Christophine Reinwald geb. Schiller
Luise D. Franckh geb. Schiller
* 04.09.1757 + 31.08.1847 (Meiningen)
* 23.01.1766 + 14.09.1836 (Möckmühl) (Möckmühl) (Möckmühl)
Ernst Freiherr v. Schiller
mtDNA Y STR
* 28.12.1826 + 08.05.1877 (Stuttgart)
DNA-Analyses Charlotte v. Lengefeld
Friedrich v. Schiller
* 22.10.1766 + 09.07.1826 (Bonn)
* 10.11.1759 + 09.05.1805 (Weimar)
Ernst v. Schiller
Karl Freiherr v. Schiller
* 11.07.1796 + 19.05.1841 (Bonn)
* 14.09.1793 + 21.06.1857 (Stuttgart)
Elisabeth Dorothea Kodweiß
Johann C. Schiller
* 27.10.1723 + 07.09.1796 (Gerlingen)
STR – Schiller - Code
Christophine Reinwald geb. Schiller
Luise D. Franckh geb. Schiller
* 04.09.1757 + 31.08.1847 (Meiningen)
* 23.01.1766 + 14.09.1836 (Möckmühl) (Möckmühl) (Möckmühl)
* 13.12.1732 + 29.04.1802 (Cleversulzb‘)
Ernst Freiherr v. Schiller
mtDNA Y STR
* 28.12.1826 + 08.05.1877 (Stuttgart)
Is Christophine the aunt of Ernst und Karl? LR > 1 x 106
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The Froriep-Skeleton
Schiller
?
mtDNA: 16111T 16357C
W. Parson
mtDNA: 16111T 16357C
W. Parson
mtDNA: 16111T 16357C
W. Parson
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W. Parson
Summary Both skulls, from the Schwabe-Skeleton and the Froriep-Skeleton, are excluded from belonging to Friedrich Schiller based on the DNA analyses on remains from his relatives The postcranial Schwabe-Skeleton consists of remains from at least three individuals as determined by DNA and Isotope analyses Both skeletal remains were removed from the tomb of the princess Schiller’s sarcophagus is still located next to Goethe’s, but empty (Cenotaph) W. Parson
What can be done with fewer assumptions is done in vain with more William of Ockham (12851347)
stendhalgallery.com
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