NATIONAL OIL

CORPORATION

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED NOC SERVICE STATION ALONG NAIROBI-NAKURU HIGHWAY, GILGIL, L.R. No. GILGIL/GILGIL BLOCK 1/18243 (KEKOPEY), NAKURU COUNTY

February, 2014

In Accordance with Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA), 1999

Prepared by

CERTIFICATION Project proprietor:

National Oil Corporation of Kenya

Contact person:

Henry Onyango

Position:

Safety, Health, Environment and Quality Manager

Sign:

Address:

P.O Box 58567, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya.

Telephone:

+254-20-695 2120

Email:

[email protected]

EIA/EA firm of experts:

Earthcare Services Limited

Registration number: Pin number:

1799 P051309229F

Sign and stamp:

Address:

P.O. Box 22433-00100 Nairobi, Kenya

Telephone:

0724-343755

Email:

[email protected]

EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The National Oil Corporation, a state-owned company, herein referred to as the proponent, proposes to construct a service station in Gilgil, Kikopey area on L.R. No. GILGIL/GILGIL BLOCK 1/18243 (KEKOPEY), Nakuru County. The proposed project site lies on GPS coordinates -0.495358S, 36.309474E along the Nairobi-Nakuru Highway about 200 metres past the railway line. The proposed project shall comprise of 3 pumps, a canopy over the pumps, 3 underground fuel tanks (15,000L for DPK, 30,000L for AGO and 25,000L for PMS), sales office, a store, pressure point (air and water), backup generator, tyre centre, car wash, drive ways, walkways, acceleration and

deceleration lanes, oil interceptor, septic tank, washrooms and changing rooms (ladies and gents), water storage tanks, supermarket, restaurant, firefighting equipment and fire and security alarms. The service station will enhance the reliable provision of various services to motorists plying the busy Nairobi-Nakuru Highway, light up the near-deserted area especially at night. It shall also reduce the distance travelled in search of DPK, LPG and associated accessories by the host community. The construction of the service station is in line with the government‘s intention of building more service stations so as to subsidize fuel costs by introducing competition in the petroleum industry. The objectives of this project are: 1. To provide fuel for the motorists plying the Nairobi-Nakuru Highway 2. To provide services such as car wash, automated tyre filling and car parking services to motorists 3. To provide cooking gas (LPG) and dual purpose kerosene to the residents of the area The study was done in accordance with EMCA, 1999 which establishes a requirement for environmental impact assessment (EIA) study for a project such as this that is out of character with the surroundings to establish the potential positive and negative impacts of the project and to come up with appropriate mitigation measures to minimise negative impacts of the project in order to preserve the integrity of the environment. The study established positive as well as negative impacts to the environment that will be occasioned during construction and operation phases of the facility. The detailed Environmental Management Plan prescribes measures to limit and mitigate such disturbance during all phases of the project. Taking into consideration the identified positive and negative impacts that will be generated from its implementation, the proposed project meets the requirements of a Finding of No EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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Significant Impacts (FONSI) under established environmental examination procedures, and as stipulated under EMCA (1999) EIA procedures. This environmental examination process therefore establishes a negative determination subject to conditions set forth in the Environmental Management Plan, hence recommending licensing of the proposed development. Figure 1 below is a summary of the anticipated significant impacts and their proposed mitigation measures. Figure 1: Summary of anticipated impacts and possible mitigation measures Anticipated Impacts Mitigation measures Air pollution/ -Stockpiles of earth shall be sprayed with water or covered during dry particulate matter seasons. (dust) -Provision PPE e.g. nose masks to the workers in dust generation areas. -Raw materials shall be sourced as close as possible to the construction site to reducing the emissions from vehicular traffic. -Machines shall not be left idling for unnecessary periods of time. -Exposed soil surfaces shall be watered twice daily during dry seasons -Avoid pouring dust materials from elevated areas to ground -Covering of all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials -Providing dust screen where necessary

Noise pollution

-Provision of a notice board at the construction site notifying of the construction activity and timings -Provision of barriers such as walls around the site boundaries to provide some buffer against noise -Workers in the vicinity of high level noise to wear safety and protective gears such as ear muffs. -Installation of portable barriers to shield compressors and other small stationary equipment where necessary -Silenced machinery and instruments shall be employed -Construction activities shall be limited between 0800hrs and 1700hrs

Loss of biodiversity

-After project completion, proponent shall rehabilitate the site by planting local trees, grass and ornamental flowers at all disturbed areas

Soil erosion

-Control earthworks especially during rainy seasons. -Avoid unnecessary movement of soil materials from site. -Excavated earth shall be held away from existing drainage channels. -Landscape exposed surfaces to maximally control any possible chance of soil movement after construction.

Increased solid waste

-Waste disposal should be through licensed solid waste handlers -The waste materials should be properly segregated at source to facilitate recycling. -Excavated waste shall be used as backfill.

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Anticipated Impacts Oil leaks and spills

Mitigation measures -In case of an oil spill, oil absorbent materials e.g. absorbent granular or pad absorbents shall be used to clean up the spill then the oil soaked pads and granules shall be put in disposal bags to be collected and managed as hazardous waste by the contracted waste collection company. -Staff shall be trained in how to deal with minor oil spillages. -Use of properly maintained hoses and fittings -A monitoring well shall be installed next to the tanks to check on leaks -Ensuring no spills during refilling and / or when offloading the fuel.

Fire concerns

-Fire trainings and drills shall be carried out regularly after commissioning the service station. -The Fire fighting emergency response plan shall be adhered to. -Ensure all fire-fighting equipment is regularly maintained, serviced and inspected. -Appropriate signage such as fire hazard signs and a fire assembly point shall be well displayed. -LPG cylinders shall be stored outdoors in a security cage. Public health and -Adequate sanitary facilities shall be provided occupational safety -Provision of proper solid waste disposal and collection facilities -Provision of suitable safety gear for all personnel -First aid kit shall be provided on site and a crew member shall be trained in basic first aid practices. -Emergency contact numbers shall be well displayed. -Contractor shall have workmen‘s compensation cover which will comply with workmen‘s compensation Act -Employment of competent workforce -Conducting annual Health and Safety Audits Traffic density -Adequate vehicle spaces shall be provided within the station to avoid vehicles queuing along the public road. -The filling points shall be designed to enhance internal circulation and avoid vehicle queue formation onto the adjacent road. -The dispensers shall be sited as near the exit as possible in order to ensure that vehicles will not stand on the carriageway while waiting to be refuelled. Surface drainage -Drainage for covered area shall be connected to foul sewer via oil interceptor while that for open area shall be connected to storm water drain via oil interceptor with storm water bypass. Wastewater from other sources shall be connected to foul sewer direct. -Rainwater collected from roofs and canopies shall be harvested while the excess shall be connected to storm water drain directly. Socio economic -Persons from the host communities shall be given first priority in concerns employment where possible. -Where possible, women shall be offered equal opportunities as men.

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ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS AGO

Automotive Gas Oil

DPK

Dual Purpose Kerosene

EIA

Environmental Impacts Assessment

EMCA

Environmental Management Co-ordination Act

EMMP

Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

ERC

Energy Regulatory Commission

KPLC

Kenya Power and Lighting Company

NEMA

National Environmental Management Authority

OHS

Occupational Health and Safety

PMS

Premium Motor Spirit

EHS

Environmental Health and Safety

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment

TOR

Terms of Reference

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................................................. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 3 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................... 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................. 9 PRELUDE TO NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION ...................................................................... 10 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Definition of Technical Terms ....................................................................................... 11 1.1.1 Environmental Thresholds .............................................................................................. 12 1.2 Background .................................................................................................................... 12 1.3 EIA Objectives ............................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Project Objectives .......................................................................................................... 12 1.5 Terms of Reference for the EIA report .......................................................................... 13 1.6 Methodology of the EIA Report .................................................................................... 13 1.7 EIA Justification ............................................................................................................ 13 1.8 Output ............................................................................................................................ 14 2.0 STUDY AREA BASELINE INFORMATION ......................................................................... 15 2.1 Location ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.1 Proximity to human settlements/ public utilities ............................................................ 15 2.2 Site ownership ................................................................................................................ 15 2.3 Climatic Conditions ....................................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 Rainfall pattern................................................................................................................ 15 2.3.2 Temperature .................................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Topographic features ..................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Flora and Fauna.............................................................................................................. 16 2.6 Geology and Soils .......................................................................................................... 16 2.7 Surface water ................................................................................................................. 16 2.8 Physical Infrastructure ................................................................................................... 16 2.9 Socio-Economic Set Up ................................................................................................. 17 3.0 PROJECT DESIGN, PROCESSES, WASTES AND PRODUCTS ......................................... 19 3.1 Nature of the Project ...................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Justification of the Proposed Project.............................................................................. 20 3.3 Inputs.............................................................................................................................. 20 3.4 Construction Activities .................................................................................................. 20 3.5 Waste management ........................................................................................................ 21 3.6 Project budget and duration ........................................................................................... 22 4.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................................. 23 EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Petroleum Act Cap 116 .................................................................................................. 23 4.4 Water Act, 2002 ............................................................................................................. 24 4.5 The Way Leave Act ....................................................................................................... 25 4.6 Building Code 2000 ....................................................................................................... 25 4.7 Weights and Measures Act, Cap 513. ............................................................................ 25 4.8 Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations 2003. ................................. 26 4.9 The Environmental Management and Coordination (Waste Management) Regulations, 2003 .............................................................................................................................................. 26 4.10 Factories and Other Place of Work Act 514 ................................................................ 26 4.11 Occupational Safety & Health Act (2007) ................................................................... 26 4.12 Work Injury and Benefits Act, 2007 ............................................................................ 28 4.13 Kenya Bureau of Standards KS 1969:2006 ................................................................. 28 5.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ...................................................................................................... 30 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 30 5.2 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 30 6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ..................................... 32 6.1 Basis of identification of Impacts .................................................................................. 32 6.2 Positive Impacts of the Proposed Project....................................................................... 33 6.3 Potential Negative Impacts of the Proposed Project ...................................................... 34 6.4 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Programmes during Construction Phase ............ 37 6.5 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Programmes during Operation Phase ................ 40 7.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................... 46 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ............................................................ 47 8.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF EMP ............................................................................................ 47 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND AUDITS ................................................. 47 9.0 DECOMMISSIONING.............................................................................................................. 57 10.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................. 61 10.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 61 10.2 Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 61 APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................................... 64

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We wish to thank all the respondents who availed information sought by the team. The report could not have been completed without the support accorded by key stakeholders. Additionally, we acknowledge the role played by the project proponent, National Oil Corporation, in facilitating the process to conclusion.

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PRELUDE TO NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION National Oil was incorporated in April 1981 under the Companies Act, Cap 481 and charged with participation in all aspects of the petroleum industry. The company has a 100% Kenya government shareholding. The formation of National Oil was precipitated by the oil crisis of the 1970's (1973/74 and 1979/80) and the correspondent supply disruptions and price hikes which resulted in the country's oil bill, comprising of almost one third of the total value of imports and therefore making petroleum the largest single drain of Kenya's foreign exchange earnings. In the national interest, it was therefore felt necessary to have greater control of this crucial sector by having a company, which would act as an instrument of government policy in matters related to oil. National Oil became operational in 1984. Initial activities mainly consisted of exploration activities delegated from the Ministry of Energy. National Oil started downstream activities in March 1988 with the importation of the first crude oil cargo. This was in fulfilment of the government mandate for National Oil to supply 30% of the country's petroleum requirements. These supplies were sold to major oil marketers at a small margin in bulk prior to processing. One of the other major roles at this time was to act as an advisor of the government on pricing and other related oil policies. National Oil‘s experience in procurement prevented the award of unjustified price increase to the oil marketers. In some instances, the corporation undertook to bring in all the country's petroleum crude and finished products requirements when private companies declined to do so in order to pressurize the government to give in to their demands for price increase. This was especially evident during the 1989/90 Gulf War, when National Oil‘s imports sustained the country for about six weeks. By this move, Kenya was the only country in East and Central Africa, which did not experience a shortage of products. Since October 1994 when the oil industry was deregulated, the mandate to import 30% of the country's crude oil requirements ceased and National Oil has been marketing petroleum products to the final consumers. National Oil has since acquired sixty seven (67) service stations from individuals and other oil marketers such as the 13 stations from BP and 33 stations from Somken. National Oil has over hundred (100) fully-pledged petrol stations spread across the country through which it has earned an enviable reputation for quality and excellent customer service. National Oil has also entered into other petroleum market segments which include LPG and fuel oil. EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of Technical Terms The following words or phrases shall be limited to the meaning indicated against them: Environmentally Sound Design: is the design and implementation of activities and projects such that the environmental harm associated with a particular development objective is kept to a practicable minimum. Positive Impact: A change which improves the quality of the environment (for example by increasing species diversity; or improving the reproductive capacity of an ecosystem; or removing nuisances; or improving amenities). Neutral Impact: A change which does not affect the quality of the environment. Negative Impact: A change which reduces the quality of the environment (for example, lessening species diversity or diminishing the reproductive capacity of an ecosystem, or property or by causing nuisance Significant impact: An impact which, by its character, magnitude, duration or intensity alters a sensitive aspect of the environment. Profound impact: An impact which obliterates sensitive characteristics. ‗Do-Nothing Impact’: The environment as it would be in the future should no development of any kind be carried out. Indeterminable Impact: When the full consequences of a change in the environment cannot be described. Irreversible Impact: When the character, distinctiveness, diversity or reproductive capacity of an environment is permanently lost. Residual Impact: The degree of environmental change that will occur after the proposed mitigation measures have taken effect. Synergistic Impact: Where the resultant impact is of greater significance than the sum of its constituents. ‗Worst Case’ Impact: The impacts arising from a development in the case where mitigation measures substantially fail. Cumulative impacts: are identified as impacts that result from incremental changes caused by other past, present or reasonably foreseeable actions Indirect impacts are defined as impacts on the environment which are not a direct result of the project, possibly produced some distance away from the project or as a result of a complex pathway. EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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1.1.1 Environmental Thresholds Finding of Significant Impact: the screening and scoping process establishes that the project has negative impacts on environment and therefore should be subjected to further study Negative determination: the project does not cause any negative impact on the environment; it the project has only positive impacts Negative determination with conditions: the project causes negative impacts on the environment but they can be effectively mitigated through implementation of the environmental management plan Positive Determination: the project causes adverse impacts on the environment and as such it should be redesigned or subjected to further scrutiny.

1.2 Background The proposed service station will make use of an undeveloped land in a deserted area. The closest service station is 200 metres away from the proposed site; therefore the completion and operation of the proposed service station will not only bring services closer to the community and motorists but will also open up the area to development and make services such as fuel and tyre services more reliable in the area.

1.3 EIA Objectives The following were the objectives of the EIA study: 1. To identify potential positive and negative environmental impacts of proposed project, 2. To assess the significance of these impacts, 3. To assess the relative importance of the impacts of alternative plans, designs and sites, 4. To propose mitigation measures for the significant negative impacts of the project on the environment, 5. To generate baseline data for monitoring and evaluation of how well the mitigation measures are being implemented during the project cycle; 6. To present results of the EIA in such a way that they can guide informed decision-making.

1.4 Project Objectives The main objectives of the construction of the service station are: 1. To construct service station with underground storage tanks, oil/ water interceptor, product pumps, canopy, store, office, changing rooms and toilets. 2. To make use of the idle land 3. To generate income for the proponent 4. To generate revenue for the government EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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5. To create skilled and unskilled job opportunities in the project area

1.5 Terms of Reference for the EIA report The terms of reference for writing this report were: 1. To review existing policy, legal and institutional framework on environmental management and planning 2. To collect and collate baseline information on ground water, soil and surface water as applicable 3. To describe the project environs in relation to proximity to human settlements, public utilities or any other ecologically sensitive area 4. To conduct interviews through community participatory processes 5. To identify and assess positive and negative impacts of the proposed service station 6. To identify and analyze project alternatives and designs 7. To develop mitigating measures for the identified negative impacts 8. To design an Environmental Management Plan to guide the operations of the proposed project to minimize negative and optimize positive impacts on the environment

1.6 Methodology of the EIA Report Various tools and instruments were utilized during the initial survey to collect and collate data:1. A semi-structured interview approach was used to gather primary data and information from neighbors and other stakeholders. A checklist provided suitable guidelines for addressing various aspects of the proposed project and the environmental impacts and observable details recorded. 2. The information gathered during the above exercise was evaluated and data analyzed to determine the required level of environmental performance and make recommended action plans with a view to ensuring compliance with the NEMA. 3. Baseline information gathering involved review of literature and information available while desktop reviews were conducted using the internet and other County reports of similar nature. 4. A semi-structured interview strategy as well as informal consultations to obtain comments from neighbors was used. Focus group discussions were also conducted to obtain information of any underlying issues and concerns in relation to the proposed project.

1.7 EIA Justification In order to attain sustainable development, environmental concerns must form an integral part of every development activity. This is because, through identifying potential negative impacts prior to EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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project implementation, appropriate mitigation measures are put in place, thereby ensuring environmental protection and environmental conservation (wise use of natural resources). In line with this, Section 58 (1) of the Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA), 1999 states that notwithstanding any approval, permit or license granted under this Act or any other law in force in Kenya, any person being a proponent of a project, shall, before financing, commencing, proceeding with, carrying out, executing or conducting or causing to be financed, commenced, proceeded with, carried out, executed or conducted by another person any undertaken specified in the Second Schedule to this Act submit an Environmental Impact Assessment Project Report to the Authority, in the prescribed form, giving the prescribed information and which shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee. Environmental Management and Coordination (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations (2003) stipulates how an Environmental Impact Assessment should be done and specifies all the requirements. It highlights stages to be followed, information to be made available, role of every stakeholder and rules to observe during the entire EIA process.

1.8 Output The output of the study is the production of this EIA study report with recommendations for submission to NEMA for purposes of seeking an EIA license.

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2.0 STUDY AREA BASELINE INFORMATION 2.1 Location The proposed service station shall be located Gilgil, Kikopey area, Nakuru County on a parcel of land measuring 0.41 Hectares, L.R. No. GILGIL/GILGIL BLOCK 1/18243 (KEKOPEY). The project site lies on GPS co-ordinates -0.495358S, 36.309474E along the busy Nairobi-Nakuru Highway about 200 metres past the railway line. 2.1.1 Proximity to human settlements/ public utilities

The proposed site is undeveloped and has not been fenced. The project area is sparsley populated and there are no immediate human settlements. The nearest settlement is about 200metres away from the site. The nearest shopping centre is also 200m away where there is also a small petrol station from which the residents source fuel from. The nearest institution is Well spring School which is about 650m away and Gilgil Boys High School about 2.9Km away. Baseline studies conducted revealed that the only ecologically sensitive area near the proposed site is the Kigio Wildlife Conservancy about 14Km from the site which cannot be affected by the proposed activity since its not in its vicinity.

2.2 Site ownership The project site is a 0.41 Hectares under the ownership of the National Oil Corporation of Kenya Limited.

2.3 Climatic Conditions 2.3.1 Rainfall pattern

The district is located in the zone iii climatic zone and it receives an annual rainfall estimated at between 700- 760mm. The district has bimodal rainfall pattern. The short rains between October and December while the long rains fall between March and May. Annual rainfall is strongly influenced by altitude. 2.3.2 Temperature

The temperature range is between 240C and 29.30C. The highest temperature is experienced in the month of December, January and February while the lowest temperatures are experienced in June and July.

2.4 Topographic features The major topographic features in the District are the rift Valley flow, Mau escarpment in the South Eastern part and the various inland lakes on the floor of the Rift valley that form the drainage for nearly all the permanent streams in the District. The District has two major lakes namely Lake Naivasha and Elementeita which is saline. The Mau escarpments and the Aberdares EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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ranges are very important catchment areas in the District. These highlands and the forests influence the rainfall patterns in the District and are the sources of Rivers. The topography of the district has greatly influenced the economic activities in the area. In the areas with volcanic soils, farming and dairying are common. In the drier parts, livestock keeping is practised. The zones cover the rift valley with altitude between 1520m and 1890m above the sea level and receive rainfall of less than 760mm annually.

2.5 Flora and Fauna Vegetation cover in the area is changing from grassland to bush through the encroachment of Tarchonanthus camphorates. Other plants found on the project site include Aloe Vera, Sodom Apple Solanum linnaeanum and various grasses. There is only one tree on the project site and this will not be cut down. Fauna is very limited in the project site and they include insects such as grasshoppers and crickets. Their availability probably may have been hampered by the Sodom Apple which is a strong competitor of native plants and it crowds out other vegetation therefore reducing food availability for fauna.

2.6 Geology and Soils The geology of Nakuru area comprises mainly of volcanic soils and rocks (lava and pyroclastics) of Tertiary – Quaternary age, which has been affected by a series of faulting, and are overlain by recent sediments. The most extensive soils in the area are volcanic soils with few thin layers of organic soils in few places. The landscape is of tectonic origin resulting from tectonic volcanic activity and erosion

2.7 Surface water The district has inadequate water sources with only two permanent rivers and forty shallow wells. The alternative sources of water are boreholes. There is no surface water at the site or within a radius of 1km and the project area is served with water from KONOIKE Water and Sewerage Company Ltd which is a private company contracted to provide water and sewerage services in Gilgil.

2.8 Physical Infrastructure a) Road network The district has a road network covering 234 km of bitumen and 643 km of gravel. The district has a railway line covering 86 km with three railway stations. The project site is along the busy the Nakuru-Nairobi highway. b) Energy Less than 29% of the households are connected with electricity. This can be attributed to the high cost of installing electricity and the distance from the national Grid lines. There are slightly more EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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than 14 trading centres out of 41 connected with electricity in the district. This low electricity connectivity is hampering growth of small scale cottage industries in the rural areas that could otherwise curb rural urban migration. Olkaria geothermal has become an important source of power that serves not only the district but also provides power supply to the national Grid. Hot springs and streams are also sources of water especially eburre, in Gilgil division. The district has plenty of sunshine and wind. However these resources have not been utilized due to lack of information on the resources or lack of skills to harness the same.

2.9 Socio-Economic Set Up a) Health

The district has three hospitals, 4 nursing homes, 15 health centres, 16 dispensaries and private clinics. The district health sector focuses on reduction of malaria, HIV AIDS and TB and other communicable diseases. Other efforts target reduction on infant mortality and maternal mortality through upgrading of local facilities to offer maternity services. b) Population profile

The total population was estimated to be 319,747 in 2009, 33,861 in 2010 and 387,543 by 2012. The population growth is estimated at 3.4% as per the 2009 National Population and Housing Census. This high population has created a predominantly youthful population with about 55% of the population being less than 20 years of age and about 74% of the population being below 30. The implication of a large youthful population is that it exerts pressure on the existing facilities. It is estimated that 71% of the total inhabitants in the district comprises of an urban population. This necessitates the expansion of the existing physical and social facilities within the municipality and other urban areas. c) Settlement Structure

The settlement pattern in the district is greatly influenced by the infrastructural network, proximity to urban set ups and the availability of natural resources. The district is dominated by the Kikuyu and the Maa speaking people. The Kikuyu are predominantly a farming community while the Maasai are pastoralists. The availability of arable land is a major factor in determining the settlement pattern of the Kikuyu while the availability of pasture greatly influences the settlement pattern of the Masai. The majority of the population in the district however is based in the urban centres where they are engaged in commercial trading activities. The availability of basic infrastructure such as roads, railways e.t.c affects the distribution of the population.

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d) Human Resource development

Naivasha District has more than 117 primary and 35 secondary schools with a total enrolment of 65,191 and 6,569 respectively. The primary school teachers/pupil ratio is 1:55, while that of secondary school is 1:19. There are inadequate opportunities for higher training for those who graduate from secondary schools in the district. The district is characterised by high enrolment rates, inadequate physical facilities and low staffing levels. The sector has performed relatively well in the implementation of free primary and secondary education policy.

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3.0 PROJECT DESIGN, PROCESSES, WASTES AND PRODUCTS 3.1 Nature of the Project This EIA project report is based on information and consultations with the project proponent, the Architects, Quantity Surveyors, Engineers, Valuers and financial Analysts and details contained in the Drawings of the proposed project (attached at the Annex) The project highlights include a canopy over the pumps, sales office, a store, underground fuel tanks, compressor/generator, tyre centre & car wash, drive ways, walkways, acceleration and deceleration lanes, interceptor tank and washrooms. Table 1: List of facilities at the proposed service station Facility Store Office Forecourt

Number Remarks 1 1 1 Concrete slab and paving

Underground storage tanks (UST) Product pumps Product lines Vents Dispenser: PMS Dispenser: AGO Dispenser: IK Isolation switch Fire alarm Security alarm Compressor/ Generator Oil interceptor Pressure point (air and water)

3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Washrooms

1 each

Gents will have a urinal while ladies will have sanitary bins

Septic tank Changing room

1 2

For men and ladies

15000L for IK, 30000L for AGO and 25000L for PMS Submersible type

Since the area is not connected to any sewerage system, a septic tank will be constructed to handle wastewater from the washrooms. A drain channel will also be made from the forecourt and car wash areas to cater for surface drainage and this water will be directed into an oil interceptor before draining into the septic tank. Water will be sourced from the KONOIKE Water and Sewerage Company which is a private company that supplies Gilgil with water. Electricity is available in the area and it is supplied by the Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC)

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3.2 Justification of the Proposed Project Fuel is an important commodity for production chains of many sectors of Kenya‘s economy. The increased demand for oil has resulted in the increase in trade in petroleum products, which in turn has seen the mushrooming of service stations across the country. Service stations are a convenient way to deliver this commodity to the end users or customers. The proposed project site is situated along a busy road, where motorists can easily access it and it will also bring products such as kerosene and gas closer to the resident community hence reducing the distance they have to cover to access such products. Additionally, it will open up the area to economic and social development by offering direct and indirect employment.

3.3 Inputs The development of the proposed Service Station will utilize but not be limited to the following inputs: 1. Land: - Land is necessary for provision of a solid ground on which the Service Station will be constructed 2. Raw materials: machine dressed stones, bound by mortar of concrete and sand, cement, gravel, ballast, metals, galvanized roofing materials, pipes, water. All these will be obtained from licensed dealers and especially those that have complied with the environmental management guidelines and policies. 3. Labour: This will be important before, during and after construction of the Service Station. Qualified engineers, surveyors, foremen and draughtsmen, skilled and semi-skilled casual labourers 4. Fuel: - The machinery such as concrete mixers, loader and trucks will require fuel to run them during construction and transportation. 5. Training:-Training will be done for the staff on safety procedures during operation. Capacity building will be done among members of the staff periodically.

3.4 Construction Activities 1. Excavation of the site to a level that will create a platform upon which the service station can be constructed. 2. Four Single compartments Underground Storage Tanks (UST) will have single-walled mild steel plate of 6mm thickness and joints to be butt welded for circumferential joints and lap welded longitudinally. No longitudinal joint shall be located at the bottom of the tanks. The dished ends of tank will be bent to 25mm radius and welded lap or butt type on both sides to full penetration. Tests will be done on completion of fabrication with air pressure to 5psi EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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and certified leak proof. The underground fuel tank will meet KS standards and Kebs as a requirement. The following specifications will be stamped on the surface; Plate thicknesses, Date of manufacture and Tank serial number. 3. There will be a reinforced concrete chamber which is water proofed. The underground tanks will be located on the forecourt and have manholes for product offloading and dipstick checks. Remote fill box will be typical incorporating spill containment to prevent accidental releases entering the environment. Single walled tank installation with excavation lined with geo-fabric will be done to prevent migration of native soil into the backfill material. 4. The installation of fuel filler points. The filling points will be positioned such that they allow for easy maneuvering of the tankers and be contained within sealed sumps so that in the event of a spillage when connecting and disconnecting the pipes from the filler points, such spilled material would be contained within the sumps. 5. Three pump islands will be constructed with double hose pump per island will be able to dispense two different grades on either side. (recommended or as per Engineers‘ specification) 6. Installation of piping for the distribution of the fuel from the fuel filling points to the USTs and from the USTs to the fuel dispensing units. All subsurface piping will be contained within the secondary piping and laid in reverse graded trenches on non-cohesive bedding material so should product leak out of the pipes it will be contained within the secondary piping and drain back to the USTs. 7. Construction of the service station on a hard standing layer which will include a awning forecourt area above the fuel dispensing points, a store, washrooms, changing rooms, tyre area and car wash area. 8. The project will be constructed based on applicable standards of Kenya environmental guidelines, health and safety measures.

3.5 Waste management The principle objective of waste management program is to minimize the pollution of the environment as well as to utilize the waste as a resource. This goal should be achieved in a way that is environmentally and financially sustainable. Solid Waste Management: - Solid waste that is anticipated includes paper from the cement bags, metal chips from the steel beams and wood chips from the timber, broken glass, broken tiles and nails.

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The technologies for the management of the solid wastes will incorporate the collection of the waste from the source into a central location. The contractor will then liaise with private refuse handlers in the Gilgil area to facilitate waste handling and disposal from the site. The waste will then be disposed off into the approved dumpsites. Liquid waste: Effluent from toilets will be channelled to the septic tanks. Other types of liquid waste such as waste water with cement during construction, storm water and waste water from the car wash area will be directed into surface drains and into septic tanks. During operation phase the septic tank will be inspected for scum and sludge depth once each year so that scum or sludge cannot escape from the septic tank into the drain field. 

The tank will be pumped once every three years.



Water entering the tank will be minimized by using water wastage reduction means such as press only taps for taps and washbasins.



The drain-field shall be properly landscaped and planted with dense grass cover and shallow rooted plants

3.6 Project budget and duration The proposed project is estimated to cost approximately (Kshs 25 Million) twenty five million Kenya shillings and will take approximately six months to complete and to start operations.

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4.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 4.1 Introduction The activities of this construction are guided and governed by a number of laws and policies of the country and region. The government has long been concerned with environmental conservation and protection of human health. It has therefore; put in place all the frameworks necessary for the legislative and regulatory controls of environmental management. EMCA, 1999 was enacted to comprehensively address environmental issues which were being governed differently by the various sectoral acts in place. Among the key objectives of the Policy Paper on Environment and Development (Sessional Paper No. 6 of 1999) are: 1.

To ensure that from the onset, all development policies, programmes and projects take environmental considerations into account,

2.

To ensure that an independent Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is prepared for any industrial venture or other development before implementation,

3.

To come up with effluent treatment standards that will conform to acceptable health guidelines.

There are a number of policy and legal framework that have direct bearing on the optimum operation of this project. They include the following:

4.2 Petroleum Act Cap 116 According to section 13(1) of the Petroleum Act, no person shall store petroleum in bulk without procuring appropriate license from Energy Regulatory Commission. The proponent shall seek a license to carry out such business from the relevant authorities. Section 19(1) provides that no person shall, in or near any storage shed or installation, do any act, which is likely to cause fire. As part of emergency preparedness for fire incidents, section 20(6) requires an efficient fire service to be provided in every installation and the employees be instructed periodically in the use of various fire appliances. Relevance The proponent shall ensure adequate measures to ensure the safety of the public and the employees at the site during operation and renovation activities. The employees shall receive fire training once operations commence. 4.3 Energy Act

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In 2006, the Energy Act No. 12 of 2006 was enacted. This led to the transformation of the then Electricity Regulatory Board to the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC). This Commission, in addition to regulating matters electricity, also regulates petroleum and the renewable energy sectors. The Act states in Section 5(a) (ii) that the objects and functions of ERC include regulating the importation, exportation, transportation, refining, storage and sale of petroleum and petroleum products. Therefore one of the functions of the ERC is licensing of petroleum import, export, transport, storage, refining and sale. Construction Permits are also to be issued by ERC for all petroleum related facilities. All petroleum operators are required to comply with Environment Health and Safety provisions outlined in the Act. Petroleum products should also meet the relevant Kenya Standards. Relevance The proponent shall comply with Environment Health and Safety provisions outlined in this Act and all petroleum products meet the Kenya Standards set by ERC.

4.4 Water Act, 2002 Part II, section 18, of the Water Act, 2002 provides for national monitoring and information systems on water resources. Following this, sub-section 3 allows the Water Resources Management Authority to demand from any person or institution, specified information, documents, samples or materials on water resources. Under these rules, specific records may require to be kept by a facility operator and the information thereof furnished to WRMA. Section 73 of the Act allows a person with license (licensee) to supply water to make regulations for purposes of protecting against degradation of water sources. Section 75 and sub-section 1 allows the licensee to construct and maintain drains, sewers and other works for intercepting, treating or disposing of any foul water arising or flowing upon land for preventing pollution of water sources within his/her jurisdiction. The waste water regulation, 2006 states that; No person shall b) Abstract ground water or carry out any activity near any lakes, rivers, streams, springs and wells that are likely to have any adverse impact on the quality or quantity of the water without an EIA license issued. Relevance The proponent proposes to apply for water connection from the KONOIKE Water and Sewerage Services and hence there will be neither underground nor surface water abstraction.

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4.5 The Way Leave Act The areas zoned for communication lines, sewer lines, power lines, water pipes etc are known as way leaves. The way leave Act prohibits development of any kind in these designated areas. Thus any developer is bound by this Act to see to it that no development takes place in these areas. Relevance The proposed project will not encroach on any way leave and will leave the required space for such services.

4.6 Building Code 2000 This by-law recognizes the Local authorities as the leading planning agency. It compels the potential developer to submit development application for approval. The local authorities are hence empowered to approve or disapprove any plans accordingly. Any developer who intends to erect a building as herein proposed must give the respective local authority notice for inspection purposes before the erection of the structure. On completion of the structure, a notice of completion shall be issued to the local authority to facilitate final inspection and approval. No person therefore shall occupy a building whose certificate of completion has not been issued by the local authority. Section 214 of the by law requires that any public building where the floor is more than 20 feet above the ground level should be provided with fire fighting equipment that may include one or more of the following: hydrants, hose reels and fire appliances, external conations, portable fire appliances, water storage tanks, dry risers, sprinklers, drenchers and water spray spring protector systems. Relevance The project designs have been submitted for approval to the local Authority.

4.7 Weights and Measures Act, Cap 513. The above named Act mandates the Weights and Measures Department to annually certify the mechanical pumps and dispensers in order to ensure that they are properly calibrated to dispense the right amounts of the petroleum products. During the certification exercise, the measuring mechanisms inside the pumps are sealed with a seal-mark of quality assurance. The Weights and Measures Department issues a Certificate of Verification for all the mechanical pumps which is usually valid for 1 year. Relevance The proponent shall apply for the Certificate of Verification from the Weights and Measures Department. EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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4.8 Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations 2003. These regulations stipulate how an EIA report should be done and specify all the requirements. It highlights stages to be followed, information to be made available, role of every stakeholder and rules to observe during the whole EIA project report making process Relevance The proposed project must be operated based on these regulations. It should also be maintained and guided by the same regulations and an environmental audit study will be done periodically to monitor compliance with the set environmental standards.

4.9 The Environmental Management and Coordination (Waste Management) Regulations, 2003 Prohibition of any waste disposal on a public highway, street, road, recreation area or in any public place except in designated waste receptacle; All waste generators to collect segregate and dispose such waste in a manner provided for under these regulations; All waste generators to minimize waste generated by adopting cleaner production methods; Relevant Waste will be collected in one central location and arrangements made with a licensed private waste management company to collect and dispose of the waste in designated areas.

4.10 Factories and Other Place of Work Act 514 The Act makes provision for the health, safety and welfare of persons employed in factories and other place of work. The provision requires that all practicable measures be taken to protect persons employed in the factory and other places of work from any injury. The provisions of the Act are also relevant to the management of hazardous and non hazardous wastes, which may arise at the project site. The Act provides that all measures should be taken to ensure safety, health and welfare of the entire stakeholder in the work place. Relevance Workers safety needs to be given priority during operation of the service station. Safety helmets and reflector jackets will be issued to workers. They will also be trained on fire management.

4.11 Occupational Safety & Health Act (2007) Section 6 states that: (1)

Every occupier shall ensure the safety, health and welfare at work of all persons working in

his workplace.

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(2)

Without prejudice to the generality of an occupier's duty under subsection (1), the duty of

the occupier includes— 

The provision and maintenance of plant and systems and procedures of work that are safe and without risks to health;



Arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances;



The provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision as is necessary to ensure the safety and health at work of every person employed



the maintenance of any workplace under the occupier's control, in a condition that is safe and without risks to health and the provision and maintenance of means of access to and egress from it that are safe and without such risks to health;



the provision and maintenance of a working environment for every person employed that is, safe, without risks to health, and adequate as regards facilities and arrangements for the employees welfare at work;



Informing all persons employed of any risks from new technologies; and imminent danger; and



Ensuring that every person employed participates in the application and review of safety and health measures.

(3)

Every occupier shall carry out appropriate risk assessments in relation to the safety and

health of persons employed and, on the basis of these results, adopt preventive and protective measures to ensure that under all conditions of their intended use, all chemicals, machinery, equipment, tools and process under the control of the occupier are safe and without risk to health and comply with the requirements of safety and health provisions in this Act. (4)

Every occupier shall send a copy of a report of risk assessment carried out under this

section to the area occupational safety and health officer; (5)

Every occupier shall take immediate steps to stop any operation or activity where there is

an imminent and serious danger to safety and health and to evacuate all persons employed as appropriate. (6)

It is the duty of every occupier to register his workplace unless such workplace is exempted

from registration under this Act. (7)

An occupier who fails to comply with a duty imposed on him under this section commits

an offence and shall on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand shillings or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both. EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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Section 82 (2) states that every occupier shall take immediate steps to stop any operation where there is an imminent serious danger to safety & Health and to evacuate person employed as appropriate. Section 82 (3) states that, every occupier shall be required to provide where necessary measures to deal with emergencies and accidents including adequate first Aid arrangements. Relevance The proponent shall adhere to all requirements of the act and ensure that all the workers wear PPE during construction and operation activities.

4.12 Work Injury and Benefits Act, 2007 This Act provides for compensation to employees for work related injuries and disease contracted in the course of their employment and for connected purposes. Key sections of the Act include the obligations of employers; right to compensation; reporting of accidents; compensation; occupational diseases; medical aid etc. In case of any accidents or incidents during the project cycle, this Act will guide the course of action to be taken. Relevance All employees shall have medical cover.

4.13 Kenya Bureau of Standards KS 1969:2006 This is an indication of how compliance to the KEBS standards on petroleum handling facilities shall be achieved. INSTALLATION OF LIQUID FUEL DISPENSING PUMPS AND TANKS (a) No liquid fuel dispensing pump or storage tank shall be situated less than 3.5 m from any lateral boundary or street boundary of any site except where there is a boundary wall and such wail has a fire resistance of 120 minutes, is not less than 1 .8m in height and extends not less than 2 m on each side of such pump. (b) No part of such tank shall be situated within 500 mm of any building except in the case of any tank contemplated in sub-regulation SS56.3. (c) No such tank shall be situated within 500 mm of any other tank except where each tank is located in its own concrete lined pit. No part of any building, other than a canopy or similar projection, to which the occupants of such building do not have access, shall be erected over such dispenser or tank except where:(a) The underside of such part is at least 3.5 m above ground level; (b) Such part has a fire resistance of at least 240 minutes and extends at least 2 m in every direction beyond the sides of the dispenser and tank concerned; and EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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(c) The floor below such dispenser, where such dispenser is erected over a basement storey, has a fire resistance of at least 240 minutes and extends at least 2m in every direction beyond the sides of the dispenser and tank concerned. Any petrol dispenser shall, where it may be approached by any vehicle, be erected on a raised plinth not less than 150mm above the surrounding ground level and such plinth shall extend-not less than 300mm beyond the perimeter of the base of such dispenser. Relevance Only tanks located in their own concrete lined pits shall be situated within 500 mm of other tanks and all dispensers shall be located as stipulated above. PIPE WORK The filler pipe of any fuel tank shall be positioned in a masonry or concrete lined chamber not less than 300mm deep and such pipe shall be clearly identified to indicate its purpose. No fuel tank shall have more than one filler pipe, one ventilating pipe and one dipping hole pipe, and such filler and dipping hole pipe shall extend to as near to the bottom of the tank as is practicable. Relevance The filler pipes of the fuel tanks shall be clearly labeled to indicate their purpose and each tank shall have only one filler pipe, a ventilating pipe and one dipping hole pipe as stipulated above.

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5.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 5.1 Introduction Public participation is basically concerned with involving, informing and consulting the public in planning, management and other decision-making activities. Public participation tries to ensure that due consideration is given to public values, concerns and preferences when decisions are made. It encompasses the public actively sharing in the decisions that government and other agencies make in their search for solutions to issues of public interest. Public consultation in this project was done with the following aims: 1. To inform the neighbours and other stakeholders about the proposed project and its objectives 2. To seek views, concerns and opinions of people in the area concerning the project 3. To establish if the local people foresee any positive or negative environmental effects from the project and if so, how they would wish the perceived impacts to be addressed.

5.2 Methodology Public participation was mainly achieved through direct interviews, observations and questionnaire administration. Traditionally the tool used to collect information is the administration of open ended questionnaires where the respondent is free to comment on issues at own thinking. After individuals complete the questionnaires individually and the expert finds some divergent and conflicting responses, usually Focus Group Discussions are held only on the conflicting ideas for the respondents to discuss the contentious issues and come to an agreement by themselves after informing each other. Scoping entailed identification of key stakeholders (stakeholders comments attached at appendix) and subsequent use of a questionnaire (Appendix) and a major focus group discussion (FGD) to gather information on concerns regarding the project from stakeholders. Some of the neighbours participated in the FGD. For the study reported here interviews were conducted individually on a preset open ended questionnaire to collect the views of various stakeholders. Respondents were selected among the communities surrounding the site of the proposed development. All the stakeholders accepted to respond but some answered with a few words. Most of those consulted however, were happy to fill the questionnaire freely. The following is a detailed discussion of public consultation methodology used by the EIA team. 5.2.1 Direct Interviews

Direct interviews were used to get responses from the project proponent whose comments were sought through engaging him in discussions about the proposed project and other related issues.

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5.2.2 Questionnaire administration

Questionnaires were uniformly distributed to the neighbouring residents. The neighbours were informed of the proposed project and requested of their views concerning the project. They were used to capture their views in terms of the positive and negative impacts that they anticipate the project and the mitigation measures. (Some of the questionnaires issued are attached at appendix).

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6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6.1 Basis of identification of Impacts In order to accurately identify the environmental impacts the following environmental issues were considered pertinent and important as per the ―Terms of Reference‖. The proposed project may create impacts on the environment in three distinct phases: 1. During the construction phase- temporary and short term 2. During the operation stage- long term effects. 3. During decommissioning of the service station at the end of its life cycle 6.1.1 Physical Environment (Biophysical Impacts)

1. Water quality aspects for both surface water and ground water. 2. Soil conditions, soil contamination and landscape alterations/degradation (based on aesthetic aspects) associated with the proposed project. 3. Flora and fauna from the adjacent ecosystem (i.e. effects to natural plants and animals where applicable).

4. Drainage patterns especially in relation to effluent 5. Topography: effects on soil and landscape 6. Air quality aspects especially during construction phase 7. Noise and vibrations during construction phase 8. Leaks from: pipe work and tanks and pipe connections 9. Poor disposal methods of oily wastes (handling and storage) 6.1.2 Social welfare, Economic and Cultural Environment

1. Determination of implications to the human society distribution, demographic details, settlement patterns, changes to the cultural lifestyle and indigenous knowledge of the local society/public where applicable. 2. Notable changes in land use systems and the general land utilization types where applicable. 3. Implications on the employees, visitors and public health, safety and related hazards/risks and sanitary facilities, etc. 4. Aesthetic, landscape alterations and changes to infrastructural facilities, among others. 5. Effects associated with the construction and operation activities and related handling and disposal of wastes generated during the operations. 6. Effects associated with income generation opportunities created by the project due to the upcoming operations. EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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7. Introduction of nuisances, such as pests and related multiplication breeding sites.

6.2 Positive Impacts of the Proposed Project 6.2.1 Positive Impacts During Construction phase

Employment opportunities One of the main positive impacts during the project‘s construction phase will be the provision of employment opportunities especially to the local population. This shall include skilled and semiskilled labour. Improving growth of the economy Through the use of locally available materials during the construction phase of the project including cement, concrete, steel, timber, sand, ballast electrical cables etc, the project will contribute towards growth of the economy by contributing to the gross domestic product. The consumption of these materials will attract taxes including VAT which will be payable to the government hence increasing government revenue while the cost of these raw materials will be payable directly to the producers. Provision of market for supply of building materials The project will require supply of large quantities of building materials most of which will be sourced locally. This provides ready market for building material suppliers such as quarrying companies, hardware shops and individuals selling such materials. 6.2.2 Positive Impacts During Operational phase Employment opportunities Employment opportunities are one of the long term impacts of the project that will be realized after construction and during the operation and maintenance whereby skilled staff will be recruited. These will also involve other sources of employment such as direct service provision. Optimal use of land By creating the service station, the design has incorporated an optimal use of the available land. Land is a scarce resource and the construction of the proposed project will ensure optimal use of the currently idle land. Provision of fuel products The proposed project after completion will ensure a reliable supply of fuel products and associated services to motorists and the resident community. Improved security Security will be enhanced through distribution of suitable security lights and presence of 24-hour security guards. This will lead to improvement in the general security in the surrounding area. EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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Increase in revenue There will be positive gain for the revenue system arising from the services rendered by the operations. The proposed facility will provide an opportunity for taxation of the services rendered thus increasing the country‘s revenue. The area will also be opened up to other business opportunities.

6.3 Potential Negative Impacts of the Proposed Project 6.3.1 Negative Impacts during Construction phase

Disposal of excavated soil and other materials The project site is currently undeveloped with the dominant vegetation being scattered tufts of grass and bushes which will be cleared to pave way for the excavations. The excavation activity will create solid waste and debris and lower the aesthetic value of the land during the construction period. This also applies for some of the soil which may not be reusable after excavation processes are complete. Hydrology and water quality degradation Project related excavation could lead to ground water quality degradation. Contaminated soil or ground water in the path of the project could be disturbed by excavation resulting in a potential transfer of the contamination to such water. The excavated area, if linear could act as a conduit to extend groundwater contamination to new areas. Spills of hazardous materials in excavated areas during construction could also introduce contaminants to ground water. Storm water Storm water runoff either from the site or from the neighbouring establishments may run into the site thereby causing interference to the construction operation due to water logging. Oil spills The machines to be used on site contain moving parts which require continuous oiling to minimize the usual corrosion or wear and tear. Likewise, moving vehicles on site may also require oil change. Such oils spills due to accidental occurrences, leakages or negligence have a high potential of causing soil and water contamination and hence having detrimental effects on the surrounding environment. Noise pollution The construction works on site will most likely have noisy operation due to the moving machines (mixers, tippers, communicating workers), incoming vehicles to deliver construction materials, workers to site and other normal construction activities. Dust emissions EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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Particulate matter pollution is likely to occur during the demolitions, excavation of the top soil and loading and transportation of the construction waste which may affect the site workers and even the neighbours‘ health. Increased water demand Both the workers and the construction works will create an increased demand for water in addition to the existing demand. Generation of exhaust emissions Exhaust emissions are likely to be generated during the construction period by the various construction machinery and equipment. Motor vehicles used to mobilize the work force and materials for construction would cause a potentially significant air quality impact by emitting pollutants through gaseous exhaust emissions. Waste management Large amounts of solid waste will be generated during excavation and construction waste from the project. This will include metal cuttings, rejected materials, surplus materials, surplus spoil, excavated materials, empty paint and solvent containers. Solid wastes if not well managed have a potential of causing disease outbreaks due to suitable breeding conditions for vectors of cholera and typhoid. Malaria outbreak could also be exacerbated by the presence of open water ditches for breeding of anopheles mosquitoes. The construction workers will also generate faecal waste during their day-to-day operations. The generated waste needs proper handling to prevent disease, such as cholera, typhoid and diarrhea outbreak at the site & neighbourhood. Workers accidents and hazards during construction During construction of the project, it is expected that construction workers are likely to have accidental injuries as a result of accidental occurrences, handling hazardous waste, lack or neglect of the use of protective wear etc. Workers are also likely to be exposed to diseases from contact with potentially harmful materials. 6.3.2 Negative Impacts during Operational Phase

Impact on Hydrology and Water Quality Sources of surface water pollution could be from leaks or spills of oil from the underground tanks or spill over from the interceptor. If washed by rain, this oily water suffers the risk of infiltration to the ground and contaminating it. Increased Air and Noise pollution The main concern is the exhaust gases and noise from vehicles that will frequently visit the service station to fuel. EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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Solid waste generation This project is designed for handling petroleum products with the main raw materials being DPK, PMS, AGO and LPG. However, there will be some oil-free solid wastes emanating from the process as well as other wastes from the normal facility operations which will require appropriate disposal. Fire Risks Petrol stations have a greater fire risk than most establishments because of the highly combustible products handled. A lot of care must be taken while offloading, refueling and while undertaking day to day activities. Fire fighting preparedness therefore becomes a must so as to ensure the risk of fire is minimized and in case of fire the response is swift to prevent any damages or loss of lives. Effluent/ Waste water Effluent/ sewage resulting from sanitary facilities and wastewater from the car wash bay are of significant concern with respect to the environment. It should always drain effectively into the available oil/water interceptor then to the sewerage treatment system via well designed and laid pipe networks. Increased Traffic A service station comes with an increase in traffic due to the services provided to motorists which are in high demand especially along such a busy highway e.g. refilling of fuel, car wash, tyre pressure checks and other related services. Traffic control must be emphasized to ensure no accidents occur and that this facility does not interfere with the normal flow of vehicles along the highway. 6.3.3 Negative Impacts during Decommissioning Phase Noise and vibration The demolition works will lead to significant deterioration of the acoustic environment within the project site and the surrounding areas. This will be as a result of the noise and vibration from these activities. Solid waste generation Demolition of the facility and related infrastructure will result in large quantities of solid waste. The waste will contain the materials used in construction including concrete, metal, drywall, wood, glass, paints, adhesives, sealants and fasteners. Although demolition waste is generally considered as less harmful to the environment since they are composed of inert materials, there is growing evidence that large quantities of such waste may lead to release of certain hazardous chemicals into EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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the environment. In addition, even the generally non-toxic chemicals such as chloride, sodium, sulphate and ammonia which may be released as a result of leaching of demolition waste, are known to lead to degradation of groundwater quality. Dust Large quantities of dust will be generated during demolition works. This will affect the workers on site as well as the neighbouring residents.

6.4 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Programmes during Construction Phase This section highlights the necessary mitigation measures for the anticipated negative impacts of the proposed project during construction phase. 6.4.1 Mitigation of solid waste

It is recommended that excavation and construction waste be recycled or reused where possible to ensure that materials that would otherwise be disposed of as waste are diverted for productive uses. In this regard, the proponent is committed to ensuring that construction materials left over at the end of construction will be used in other projects rather than being disposed of. The proponent will put in place measures to ensure that construction materials requirements are carefully budgeted and to ensure that the amount of construction materials left on site after construction is kept minimal. It is further recommended that the proponent should consider the use of recycled or refurbished construction materials. Purchasing and using once-used or recovered construction materials will lead to financial savings and reduction of the amount of construction debris disposed of as waste. Additional recommendations for minimization of solid waste during construction of the project include:1. Use of durable, long- lasting materials that will not need to be replaced as often, thereby reducing the amount of construction waste generated over time. 2. Provision of facilities for proper handling and storage of construction materials to reduce the amount of waste caused by damage or exposure to the elements. 3. Use of materials that have minimal packaging to avoid the generation of excessive packaging waste. 4. Use of construction materials containing recycled content when possible and in accordance with accepted standards. 5. Stockpiling of top soil to be reused during landscaping. Excavated material shall also be used for backfiling.

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6.4.2 Mitigation of hydrology and water quality degradation

Several measures shall be put in place to mitigate the impacts that are likely to lead to surface and groundwater quality degradation. The proponent will prepare a hazardous substance control systems and emergency response plans that will include preparations for quick and safe clean up of accidental spills. It will prescribe hazardous-materials handling procedures to reduce the potential for a spill during construction, and will include an emergency response programme to ensure quick and safe cleanup of accidental spills. The plan will identify areas where refueling and vehicle maintenance activities and storage of hazardous materials, if any, will be permitted. If hazardous substances are unexpectedly encountered during trenching, work will be stopped until the material is properly characterized and appropriate measures are taken to protect human health and the environment. If excavation of hazardous materials is required, they will be handled in accordance with applicable regulations. If suspected contaminated groundwater is encountered in the depths of the proposed construction areas, samples will be collected and submitted for laboratory analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds. If necessary, ground water will be collected during construction contained and disposed of in accordance with all applicable regulations. Appropriate personal protective equipment will be used and waste management will be performed in accordance with applicable regulations. Oil absorbent material, taps and storage drums will be used to contain and control any minor releases of engine and other equipment oil. 6.4.3 Controlling oil spills during construction phase

The proponent will control the dangers of oil spills during construction by maintaining the machinery in specific areas designed for this purpose hence it won‘t be a serious impact as a result of the construction. 6.4.4 Mitigation of noise pollution

Significance of noise impacts depends on whether the project would increase noise levels above the existing ambient levels by introducing new sources of noise. Noise impacts would be considered significant if the project would result in the following: 1. Exposure of persons to, or generation of, noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies. 2. Exposure of persons to, or generation of, excessive ground-borne vibration or ground-borne noise levels. 3. A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project. EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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4. A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project. The proponent and contractor shall put in place several measures that will mitigate noise pollution arising during the construction phase. The following noise-suppression techniques will be employed to minimize the impact of temporary construction noise at the project site. 1. Install portable barriers to shield compressors and other small stationary equipment where necessary. 2. Use quiet equipment (i.e. equipment designed with noise control elements). 3. Install sound barriers for pile driving activity. 4. Limit pickup trucks and other small equipment to an idling time of one minute, observe a common sense approach to vehicle use, and encourage workers to shut off vehicle engines whenever possible. 6.4.5 Mitigation of air pollution

Controlling dust during construction is useful in minimizing nuisance conditions and consequently health (respiratory and eye) complications. It is recommended that a standard set of feasible dust control measures be implemented for all construction activities. Emissions of other contaminants (Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide, Sculpture oxides, and diesel related Particulate Matter PM10) that would occur in the exhaust from heavy equipment are also included. The proponent is committed to implementing measures that shall reduce air quality impacts associated with construction. All personnel working on the project will be trained prior to starting construction on methods for minimizing air quality impacts. Specific training will be focused on minimizing dust and exhaust gas emissions from heavy construction vehicles. Construction vehicles drivers will be under strict instructions to minimize unnecessary trips, refill petrol fuel tanks in the afternoon, and minimize idling of engines. Dust emissions will be controlled by the following measures:1. Watering all active construction areas when necessary. 2. Cover all trucks hauling soil, sand and other loose materials or require all trucks to maintain at least two feet of freeboard. 3. Fast growing trees will be planted around the project area to act as a wind breaker to reduce the particulate matter that lead to respiratory diseases. 6.4.6 Mitigation of generation of exhaust emission

In order to control exhaust emissions the following measures shall be implemented:1. Vehicle idling time shall be prohibited 2. Fuelled construction equipment shall be used where feasible EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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3. Equipment shall be properly tuned and maintained 6.4.7 Minimization of worker accidents and hazards when handling hazardous wastes

Necessary health and safety rules shall be enforced by the site foreman to ensure that all staff members adhere to these standards and are thus safe. Appropriate personal protective equipment to be used by workers shall also be provided by the proponent. Workers accidents especially in deep trenching operations and from gas accumulation in confined spaces shall be mitigated by enforcing adherence to safety procedures and preparing contingency plan for accident response. In addition safety training shall be emphasized. The following recommendations should be adhered to: 1. Provision of appropriate and adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to employees; 2. Enforcement and proper use of PPE by all construction workers; 3. Provision of appropriate tools, equipment and machinery in sound working conditions to employees; 4. Develop clear policies on treatment of injured personnel; 5. Provide insurance cover to workers on site 6. An appropriately equipped first aid station to be easily accessible at the construction site; 7. There shall be a well trained first aider on site at all times during construction; 8. A written emergency response plan will be in place and drills conducted to check preparedness of the employees.

6.5 Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Programmes during Operation Phase This section highlights the necessary mitigation measures for the expected negative impacts of the proposed project during Operational phase. 6.5.1 Mitigation measures for Water Quality degradation

1. All drain pipes passing under the building, driveway or parking should be of heavy duty PVC pipe tube encase in 150mm concrete surround. All manholes on drive ways and parking areas should have heavy duty covers set and sealed airtight as approved by specialists. 2. Sanitary facilities should be kept clean always through regular cleaning. 3. Ensuring the sewerage treatment plant is not overloaded to increase efficiency and minimize or eliminate incidences of untreated sewer spills to the environment 4. Install a ―pollution solution‖ system., which is a compact oil separator which separates oil from wash down water collected from the under canopy and car wash area of the service station before draining into the septic tank on site

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6.5.2 Mitigation of solid waste

It is expected there will be a generation of solid wastes which are likely to consist of paper, plastic containers and organic waste from foodstuffs eaten by employees. The proponent will address solid waste in the following ways: 1. Sale of recyclables and reusable materials to minimize waste for disposal; 2. Contracting a licensed waste handler to collect and dispose of the waste; 3. Establishing a waste generation and collection register for tracking the disposal of waste; 4. Installation of receptacles that enhance segregation of waste at source as provided for Legal Notice No 121 (Waste Management Regulations, 2006). 6.5.3 Fire Hazards/ explosions mitigation

The risk of fire and explosions emerged to be of paramount concern to the neighbors of the proposed project. The following measures will be put in place to reduce the likelihood of fires and explosions and to considerably manage such situations in case of occurrence:1. The fuel storage tanks to be installed have undergone thorough calibration, pressure checks, and leakage tests and have been passed as safe for use by an accredited company; 2. Installation of the storage tanks will also be done by an accredited company to the standards specified in the Petroleum Act Cap 116, Part III which highlights the methods of storage of petroleum products; 3. Fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and fire alarms will be provided at convenient locations within the facility. These will be regularly inspected and maintained by a reputable fire security company; 4. Fire drills will be conducted at least biannually to ensure that workers are conversant with the action to take in the event of fire or explosions; 5. Fire awareness materials will be placed in strategic locations within the facility to educate the workers and customers on what to do in the event of fire; 6. An elaborate emergency response plan will be developed to address the risks associated with the facility‘s operations; 7. Leak detection devices will also be installed at appropriate areas to warn on leakages that are likely to trigger fires. Workers will be trained on handling accidental spillage of flammable substances that may also trigger fires; 8. ‗No smoking‘ signs will be displayed as appropriate and measures taken against those not adhering to this order. 6.5.4 Mitigation of increase in traffic

1. Provision of parking spaces EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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2. Pedestrian walkways to be provided 3. Control movement of vehicles and pedestrians within the service station 4. Provision of appropriate signage such as ‗Entry‘, ‗Exit‘ e.t.c. 6.5.5 Hazardous substances

1. All hazardous chemicals will be stored in original containers for ease of identification and handling; 2. Information on use and handling of hazardous substances from the manufacturers‘ hazard data sheets will be obtained and communicated to concerned workers; 3. Appropriate PPE will be provided, and usage at all times ensured, to the workers handling hazardous substances; 4. An inventory register will be kept and updated as appropriate; 6.5.6 Occupational accidents and hazards 1. Necessary health and safety rules shall be enforced by the management to ensure that all staff members adhere to these standards and are thus safe; 2. Adequate collection and storage of waste on site and safe transportation to the disposal sites and disposal methods at designated area shall be provided; 3. Covers for refuse containers and appropriate personal protective equipments to be used by workers shall also be provided by the proponent; 4. First Aid kits will be provided and staff members trained in first aid administration; 5. Clear signage will be posted alerting of possible danger situations; 6. Provision of firefighting equipment 7. A policy on health and safety at the workplace will be developed; 8. All the employees shall be trained on safety and health. 9. A health and safety audit will be conducted annually as required by the (DOHS) occupational health and safety department.

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Figure 3: Summary of the anticipated impacts of the proposed development Nature of Impact (Positive/negative) Environmental &Social Component Bio-Physical Environment

Project Phase

Positive Negative Neutral

Altered topography and landscape

Pre-construction & Construction

Soil contamination

Construction Operation

&

(-)

Soil erosion

Pre-construction Construction

&

(-)

&

(-) (-)

A significant amount of solid waste will be generated in this Construction proposed project through construction debris during construction operation phase and during operational phase

and

(-)

generated by construction activities, Construction Ambient Air Noise pollution construction machinery and vehicular traffic. Deposition of operation Quality and noise airborne road dust and airborne emissions from vehicles and construction equipment through construction activities.

and

(-)

Land resources

Generation of both solid and liquid wastes Construction Water quality Pollution- Water quality degradation by waste materials, Oil Construction spills from construction equipments and the facility activities operation degradation Solid wastes

EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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(-) (-)

Nature of Impact (Positive/negative) Environmental &Social Component Aesthetic quality Change in landscape Flora and Fauna Disturbance in the natural drainage system Loss of or disturbance to natural habitants

Project Phase

Preconstruction Construction Operation

Positive Negative Neutral

(-) (-) (-) (-)

&

Socio-economic Environment Health & Safety

Deposition of airborne road dust and airborne emissions from Construction operation vehicles and construction equipment

&

(--)

Occupational hazards Risks of construction workers being hit by falling objects and falling off from elevated heights. Fire hazards especially during operational phase

&

(--)

Construction operation Operation

Oil Leaks from: pipe work and tanks and pipe connections

Construction operation Conflict with the Conflicts may arise especially from the neighbouring residents Construction operation community and community if they have not been fully consulted. Will enhance national and regional development Socio-cultural Construction Operation Ultimately alleviate poverty and enhance security of the area

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(--) &

(--)

&

(-) (+)

& (++)

Key: Major Negative impact

(--)

Minor Negative impact

(-)

Major Positive impact

(++)

Minor Positive impact

(+)

Neutral impact

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7.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 7.1 Alternatives to site There is no viable alternative to the site owing to the fact that the project location is designated for the proposed use. The current site was chosen based on the following factors: 1. Ease of access by motorists–the site is located along the busy Nairobi-Naivasha highway thus at a very convenient location for motorists. 2. Availability of power and water supply; the area is well served with electricity which can handle its activities.

7.2 Alternative to technology The proposed technology seems suitable both to the proponent and the environment since it has minimal environmental pollution.

7.3 No project alternatives This means that the status quo remains and the proponent will have to contend with the land being idle. This may lead to under utilization of the land and the proponent missing out on the good returns from the petroleum sector.

7.4 Comparison of alternatives The current project location is the best alternative since it will lessen the petroleum products shortage being experienced in the area, lead to proper utilization of space, lead to generation of revenue to the government, income generation to the proponent and will create employment opportunities for more people in the project area.

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8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (EMMP) 8.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF EMMP This is aimed at identifying mitigation measures for negative impacts already identified so that the mitigation measures are incorporated. The mitigation measures will on the one hand eliminate or offset adverse environmental and social impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels and on the other hand reinforce measures for enhancements.

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND AUDITS Environmental monitoring and audits are essential in Projects life span as they are conducted to establish if project implementation has complied with set environmental management standards for Kenya as spelt out in EMCA 1999 and the Environmental (Impact Assessment and Audit) Regulations 2003. After the commissioning of the project, environmental monitoring and audit will be conducted to ensure that identified potential negative impacts are mitigated during the project‘s life span.

The strategies

employed for impact mitigation are avoidance, reduction and remedy as

suggested in the table 4 below.

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Table 4: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (Construction Phase) Environmental/

Proposed mitigation and aspect for monitoring

Social impact

Responsibility for Monitoring

plan/ Estimated

intervention and indicator

cost(annually)

monitoring

Noise pollution

   

Air pollution

    

Traffic density



 

Soil erosion & compaction





Maintain plant equipment. Contractor / Construction should be carried out only Management during daytime i.e. 0800 – 1700 HRS. Workers to wear ear muffs if working in noisy section. Management to ensure that noise from the residents is kept within reasonable levels. Control speed and operation of Contractor construction vehicles. Prohibit idling of vehicles. Spray water on excavated areas. Maintenance of construction plant and equipment. Sensitize construction workers.

Amount of Noise

Proper signage put in place to notify Contractor/ neighbours of the activity and presence Management of heavy vehicles and to direct traffic. Presence of sign boards directing patrons to the site Strict adherence to traffic rules.

Clear well 30,000 maintained sign Boards along the roads.

Provide soils conservation structures on Contractor the areas prone to soil erosion to reduce impact of erosion. There should be designated pathways

Paved area and Landscaped areas

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50,000

Amount of dust 100,000 produced

100,000

Environmental/

Proposed mitigation and aspect for monitoring

Social impact

Responsibility for Monitoring

plan/ Estimated

intervention and indicator

cost(annually)

monitoring



Oil leaks and spills

 



Solid waste



 



First aid



and driveways for movement within the compound to avoid unnecessary compaction. All bare areas should be well landscaped after completion. Machinery should be well maintained to prevent oil leaks. Contractor should have a designated area where maintenance is carried out and that is protected from rain water. All oil products should be stored in a site store and handled carefully. Construction debris should be collected by a licensed private contracted waste collection company Excavation waste should be re-used or backfilled. Waste generated should be collected by a privately contracted waste collection company and the contractor should ensure the construction of a central waste collection point with bulk storage facilities The site should have waste receptacles with bulk storage facilities at convenient points to prevent littering during occupation. A well stocked first aid kit shall be

EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

Contractor

Number of spills and leaks on the site

oil 500,000

Contractor

Amount of waste on site

100,000

Management

Management Page 49

Presence of well maintained receptacles and Central collection point.

Contents

of

the 100,000

Environmental/

Proposed mitigation and aspect for monitoring

Social impact

Responsibility for Monitoring

plan/ Estimated

intervention and indicator monitoring

Occupational Health and Safety

 

  

maintained by a qualified personnel Provide Personal Protective Equipment Contractor Train workers on personal safety and Management how to handle equipments and machines A well stocked first aid kit shall be maintained by a qualified personnel Report any accidents / incidences and treat and compensate affected workers Provide sufficient and suitable sanitary conveniences which should be kept clean

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first aid kit.  Workers using Protective Equipment  Presence of  Well stocked First Aid Box  Separate and clean washrooms (Gents & Ladies) washrooms

cost(annually)

Table 5: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (Operation Phase) Environmental/ Proposed mitigation and aspect for monitoring Responsibility Social impact

Noise pollution

   

Underground fuel Storage and handling

   



Traffic density



 

Solid waste

  

Maintain plant equipment. Construction should be carried out only during daytime. Workers to wear ear muffs if working in noisy section. Management to ensure that noise from the residents is kept within reasonable levels. Use properly maintained hoses and fittings Make the cement screeds in all the chambers using water proof material. Install a monitoring well next to the tanks to check on leaks Use water finding dipstick and/ or a hydrometer to check on density/ specific gravity Ensuring no spills during refilling and /or when offloading the fuel Proper signage put in place to notify neighbours of the activity and presence of heavy vehicles and to direct traffic. Presence of boards directing patrons to the site Strict adherence to traffic rules.

plan/ Estimated

for intervention indicator

cost

and monitoring

(annually)

Contractor / Management

Amount of noise

50,000

Management

Fuel / Oil spills Monitoring well

100,000

Contractor/ Management

Clear well maintained sign boards along the roads

30,000

Amount of waste on site Presence of

100,000

Minimize solid waste generated on site Contractor/ Recycle waste especially office paper Management Construction debris should be collected by a

EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

Monitoring

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Environmental/

Proposed mitigation and aspect for monitoring

Social impact

 



Oil leaks and spills

 



Solid waste

  

 

Responsibility

plan/ Estimated

for intervention indicator

cost

and monitoring

(annually)

licensed private contracted waste collection company Excavation waste should be re-used or backfilled. Waste generated should be collected by a privately contracted waste collection company and the contractor should ensure the construction of a central waste collection point with bulk storage facilities The site should have waste receptacles with bulk storage facilities at convenient points to prevent littering during occupation. Machinery should be well maintained to Contractor prevent oil leaks. Contractor should have a designated area where maintenance is carried out and that is protected from rain water. All oil products should be stored in a site store and handled carefully. Minimize solid waste generated on site Contractor Recycle waste especially office paper Construction debris should be collected by a licensed private contracted waste collection company Excavation waste should be re-used or backfilled. Management Waste generated should be collected by a privately contracted waste collection

EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

Monitoring

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well maintained receptacles and central collection point.

Number of oil spills and leaks on the site

500,000

Amount of waste on site

100,000

Presence of well maintained receptacles and collection point.

central

Environmental/

Proposed mitigation and aspect for monitoring

Social impact



First aid



Occupational Health and Safety

    

Production of compressed Air Electricity usage

    

Responsibility

plan/ Estimated

for intervention indicator

cost

and monitoring

(annually)

company and the contractor should ensure the construction of a central waste collection point with bulk storage facilities The site should have waste receptacles with bulk storage facilities at convenient points to prevent littering during occupation. A well stocked first aid kit shall be Management maintained by a qualified personnel Train workers on personal safety and Management disaster preparedness A well stocked first aid kit shall be maintained by a qualified personnel Report any accidents / incidences and treat and compensate affected workers Provide sufficient and suitable sanitary conveniences which should be kept clean Conduct Annual Health and Safety Audits Regular inspection of safety valves by Management qualified personnel Erect a meter in the premises to check on Management total kilowatts used and for billing purposes Contractor Switch off light that are not in use Use of energy conserving bulbs/ tubes Use of natural light for lighting purposes and natural ventilation from Provide a standby generator in the premises in case of power blackout

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Monitoring

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Contents of the first aid 100,000 kit.  Separate 300,000 washrooms (Gents & Ladies)  Copies of Annual Audit Reports

Explosions Fire Outbreak Presence of a KPLC meter

300,000 500,000

Environmental/

Proposed mitigation and aspect for monitoring

Social impact

Water Consumption

    

Washrooms

  

Waste water disposal







Avoid unnecessary toilet flushing Promptly detect leaking taps and repair them Turn off taps when not in use Install water conserving taps that turn of immediately when water is not in use Install a discharge water meter in the premises to check on total water use and for billing purposes Provide sufficient and suitable sanitary conveniences The washrooms should be kept clean and in good working conditions Provide a water tank for the washrooms in case the piped water supply is not available Drainage for covered area shall be connected to foul sewer via oil interceptor while that for open area shall be connected to storm water drain via oil interceptor with storm water bypass. Wastewater from other sources shall be connected to foul sewer direct. Rainwater collected from roofs and canopies shall be harvested while the excess shall be connected to storm water drain directly. Conduct inspections for sewer pipe blockages or damages and fix them

EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

Responsibility

Monitoring

plan/ Estimated

for intervention indicator

cost

and monitoring

(annually) Presence of water meter Presence of automatic water taps Water bills

100,000

Management

Separate washrooms (Gents & Ladies)

300,000

Management

Effluent presence on open drains

500,000

Management/ Contractor

Contractor

Page 54

Environmental/

Proposed mitigation and aspect for monitoring

Social impact



Cleaning of the Oil Interceptor Fire preparedness

  



Traffic density



Responsibility

plan/ Estimated

for intervention indicator

cost

and monitoring

(annually)

Empty septic tank whenever its full by a licensed exhauster services Install spill control kit next to the Management interceptor during skimming Fire trainings and drills to be carried out Management regularly. Follow the developed Fire fighting emergency response plan. Ensure all fire-fighting equipment is regularly maintained, serviced and inspected. Provision of fire hazard signs and directions to emergency exit, route to follow and assembly point in case of any fire incidence. The dispensers shall be sited as near the exit Management as possible in order to ensure that vehicles will not stand on the carriageway while waiting to be refuelled. The filling points shall be designed to enhance internal circulation and avoid vehicle queue formation onto the adjacent road

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Monitoring

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Presence of Oil spills 

  



100,000

Number of fire drills 500,000 and trainings carried out. Proof of inspection on firefighting equipment. Fire signs put up in strategic places. Availability of firefighting equipment. Smooth vehicle 200,000 movement/ flow

8.3 Emergency response plan The following are considered to constitute an emergency during construction and operation phase of the proposed service station. 1. Accidental fires 2. Major leaks or spills of flammable products 3. Serious Injury/ Loss of life 4. Theft/ Robbery Item

Aspect

No.

Danger

1

Fire

2

3

4

of Response Plan

 Use available fire extinguishers to fight the fire  Call the Police 999  Call Nakuru fire station / G4S  Call Station operator / Proprietor  Workers to assemble at the Fire Assembly Point Major Oil Spills  Call the Police 999  Contain spills according to the supervisors /station managers directions  Call Nakuru Fire Brigade  Call Station operator / Proprietor  Report incidence to NEMA via NEMA Hotline within 24hrs Serious Injury/  Apply first Aid Loss of life  Call the Police 999  Call for Ambulance Services  Call Station operator / Proprietor Theft/ Robbery  Call the Police 999  Contact Private Security Provider concerned  Call Station operator / Proprietor

EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

Responsibility

Station

Manager

on

Duty/contractor

Station

Manager

on

Duty/contractor

Station

Manager

on

Duty/contractor Station

Manager

Duty/contractor

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on

9.0 DECOMMISSIONING Decommissioning is an important phase in the project cycle and comes last to wind up the operational activities of a particular project. It refers to the final disposal of the project and associated materials at the expiry of the project. If such a stage is reached, the proponent needs to remove all materials resulting from the demolition/ decommissioning from the sitethe proponent needs to remove all materials resulting from the demolition/ decommissioning from the site. About one year to decommissioning, conduct a detailed decommissioning assessment under the supervision of NEMA. This assessment should detail procedure and processes that would minimize environmental impacts. Decommissioning assessment should include tests of residual materials – if any- at the project site and propose proper reinstatement of site. Decommissioning should follow building regulations and all other applicable regulations. The following should be undertaken to restore the environment. 1. Remove all underground facilities from the site 2. The site should be well landscaped by flattening the mounds of soil and 3. Planting indigenous trees and flowers 4. All the equipment should be removed from the site 5. Fence and signpost unsafe areas until natural stabilization occurs 6. Backfill surface openings if practical Table 5 below shows the proposed decommissioning plan:

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Table 5: EMP for Decommissioning Potential Impacts

Proposed mitigation

Responsibility

Estimated

for monitoring/

Cost

Intervention -Noise level during demolition works shall be within the Proponent

Noise and Vibrations

& 40,000.00

Decommissioning activities which are likely permissible limits as per the EMCA (Noise and Excessive contractor to be noisy include:

Vibration pollution), 2009

 Use of jackhammers to break concrete to -Limit use of heavy machinery -Restrict demolition activities to daytime

access the underground tanks;

i.e. 08:00 -

 Movement of vehicles in and around the 17:00; -Surrounding business and residential areas to be

site and operation of a crane;

 Dismantling above ground pumps, signage informed of the timeframe for decommissioning. and

underground

storage

tanks

and

pipelines.

-Dust generated during decommissioning shall be Proponent

Air Quality ·Dust

emissions

may

dismantling of the site.

arise

during controlled by spraying water.

contractor

-The site shall be screened to protect the neighbourhood from strong winds and to contain dust propagation

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& 50,000.00

Potential Impacts

Contaminated land

Proposed mitigation

Responsibility Estimated for monitoring/ Cost Intervention -If a leak is suspected, soil samples must be taken from a Proponent & 200,000.00

It is unlikely that significant spills will occur number of points in the excavation as well as from the contractor during the decommissioning of the site as the stockpiled soil. Water samples must also be taken if there underground storage tanks and pipelines will are free-standing pools in the excavated pit. Background be drained a week before removal, and soil and water samples must also be taken off-site. nitrogen will be used to degas the tanks.

The pit must be left open while the samples are sent to an appropriate laboratory for analysis. Should the analysis indicate the soil to be contaminated, soil must be removed from the pit until all of the contaminated material has been removed. Contaminated water must be pumped out, collected and disposed of in an appropriate manner. Further soil samples must be taken and sent for analysis with

the

process

repeated

until

analysis

shows

contamination to be within acceptable levels. The contaminated soil must be stockpiled separately and removed to an appropriate landfill site.

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Potential Impacts

Proposed mitigation

Responsibility Estimated for monitoring/ Cost Intervention -The area to be excavated must be cordoned off with red Proponent & 80,000.00 Occupational health and safety danger tape and no smoking signs displayed around the contractor Impacts could include: site.  Slips and falls from poor housekeeping -All workers on site must be trained on health and safety during decommissioning; procedures  Injury from moving machinery, -PPE shall also be provided. particularly waste trucks that will need to come onsite and using the crane to remove the underground storage tanks.  Exposure to hazardous materials during the removal of the tanks, fuel pumps and pipelines. -The waste will be collected by a duly registered Proponent & 100,000.00 Solid Waste – hazardous waste General waste from contractors will be hazardous waste transporter who will remove the waste contractor from the site and dispose of it at an approved landfill site. generated during decommissioning. The underground storage tanks and pipelines, Treatment of the waste in this way will eliminate the above ground pumps and signage will also be possibility of further contamination from the waste. removed from the site during -The underground storage tanks and pipelines, above decommissioning. This waste can be ground pumps and signage shall be taken to a licensed classified as hazardous waste due to the yard for storage since they shall be reused in the proposed project. hydrocarbon properties. -The demolition wastes shall be used as filler material. -No debris shall be burned on the site.

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10.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 10.1 Conclusion Although there is economic and social justification for the project, there are environmental issues associated with its construction and operation. The project design has been scrutinized and discussed with the Proponent and has been found to integrate appropriate mitigation measures with a view to ensuring compliance with all the applicable laws and procedures. In this regard, a comprehensive mitigation and monitoring plan has been developed in order to provide a detailed management plan that will guide the entire project cycle (from construction through to decommissioning). The project is an environmentally low risk project and thus poses no significant threat to the environmental aspects of the area. The likely environmental impacts expected from the implementation of the project are minimal and will be restricted to construction stage.

10.2 Recommendations The proponent and contractor are advised to implement the proposed Environmental Management Plan so as to reduce adverse impacts and boost good environmental practices. Guidelines on environment, health and safety must also be followed in order to reduce incidences of accidents, health problems and compromise to environmental well being. Recommendations for the prevention and mitigation of adverse impacts are as follows: 1. It is important that warning/ informative sign (notice board) be erected at the site. This should indicate the operation hours and when works are likely to be started and completed. The sign should be positioned in a way to be easily viewed by the public and mostly motorists. 2. All solid waste materials and debris resulting from construction activities should be disposed off at approved dumpsites 3. During construction all loose soils should be compacted to prevent any erosion. 4. Other appropriate soil erosion control measures can be adapted. Any stockpiles of earth should be enclosed, covered or sprinkled with water during dry or windy conditions to minimize generation of dust particles into the air. 5. Once earthworks have been done, restoration of the worked areas should be carried out immediately by backfilling, landscaping/ leveling and planting of suitable tree species. 6. Proper and regular maintenance of construction machinery and equipment will reduce emission of hazardous fumes and noise resulting from friction of metal bodies. Maintenance

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should be conducted in a designated area and in a manner not to interfere with the environment. 7. A fully equipped first aid kit should be provided within the site and a trained first aider should always be available. 8. The contractor should have workmen‘s compensation cover and is required to comply with workmen‘s compensation Act as well as other relevant ordinances, regulations and Union Agreements.

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REFERENCES 1. Amos Kiriro and Calestous Juma (eds) 1991: Gaining ground: institutional innovations in land use management in Kenya. Acts press. Nairobi, Kenya. 2. R Good land, J R Mercier and Shimwayi M (EdS) 1995: Environmental assessment in Africa. A World Bank commitment. 3. Ojany F. F and Ogendo R B 1985: Kenya. A study of physical and human geography. Longman, Kenya. 4. GOK 2002: water Act Law of Kenya. Kenya Gazette supplements no. 107 (Acts No 9) Nairobi October 2002 5. GOK 1978: Local Government Act (cap 265) laws of Kenya. 6. GOK 1986: Session Paper no. 1 of 1986 on development prospects and policies, government printers 7. GOK 1999: session Paper No 6 of 1999 on Environmental and Development. 8. GOK 1999: Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) 1999.

EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

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APPENDIX 1. Questionnaires 2. Documents of ownership 3. Site layout plan of the service station

EIA Study report for the proposed NOC service station, Gilgil, Nakuru County

Page 64