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Special Eurobarometer European Commission

New Europeans Report Fieldwork : March 2010 – April 2010

Special Eurobarometer 346 / Wave 73.3 – TNS Opinion & Social

Publication: April 2011

This survey was requested by the Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities and coordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication (“Research and Speechwriting" Unit) This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

Eurobarometer 73.3

NEW EUROPEANS

CONDUCTED BY TNS OPINION & SOCIAL ON REQUEST OF DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR EMPLOYMENT, SOCIAL AFFAIRS AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES SURVEY CO-ORDINATED BY DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR COMMUNICATION (“RESEARCH AND SPEECHWRITING" UNIT)

TNS Opinion & Social Avenue Herrmann Debroux, 40 1160 Bruxelles Belgique

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 9 1.

'NEW EUROPEANS' IN THE EU: DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTEDNESS

WITH OTHER COUNTRIES ................................................................................ 11 1.1.

Connectedness through family background .................................................... 11

1.1.1.

Place of birth of respondents............................................................. 13

1.1.2.

Place of birth of respondents’ parents ................................................ 16

1.1.3.

Place of birth of respondents’ grandparents......................................... 19

1.1.4.

Citizenship of respondents’ grandparents............................................ 21

1.2.

Personal links with other countries ................................................................ 24

1.2.1.

Close friends living abroad................................................................ 28

1.2.2.

Friends who come from abroad ......................................................... 29

1.2.3.

Close relatives living abroad ............................................................. 30

1.2.4.

Partner of a different nationality ........................................................ 31

1.3.

Personal experiences in other countries ......................................................... 33

1.3.1.

Work experience ............................................................................. 36

1.3.2.

Study experience ............................................................................ 37

1.3.3.

Other reasons for temporarily living abroad ........................................ 38

1.3.4.

Owning real property ....................................................................... 39

1.4.

Socio-cultural links with other countries ........................................................ 40

1.4.1.

Food ............................................................................................. 44

1.4.2.

Follow news, cultural life and sports................................................... 45

1.4.3.

Foreign language skills..................................................................... 46

1.4.4.

Holidays and weekends .................................................................... 47

2.

PLANS TO MOVE TO ANOTHER COUNTRY .............................................. 48

2.1.

Inclination to emigrate within ten years......................................................... 48

2.2.

Countries of preference .................................................................................. 51

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3.

NEW EUROPEANS

ATTACHMENT AND FEELINGS OF BELONGING ....................................... 53

3.1

Attachment to other countries........................................................................ 53

3.2.

Reasons for attachment to other countries..................................................... 58

Holidays and weekends................................................................................. 61 Close friends ............................................................................................... 62 Close relatives ............................................................................................. 63 Other reasons for attachment to another country.............................................. 64 3.3.

Different levels of attachment: city, region, country and EU........................... 67

Attachment to city, town or village ................................................................. 70 Attachment to region.................................................................................... 70 Attachment to respondents’ own country ......................................................... 71 Attachment to the EU ................................................................................... 72 3.4

Comparison of attachment: own country versus other countries .................... 73

3.5

Belonging to a group ...................................................................................... 76

Feelings of belonging to a group..................................................................... 77 3.6

Reasons for belonging to a group ................................................................... 80

Language or accent ...................................................................................... 83 Culture values and lifestyle............................................................................ 84

4.

IDENTITY .............................................................................................. 87

4.1.

National identity ............................................................................................. 87

4.2

European identity ........................................................................................... 95

Elements of European identity........................................................................ 95 Importance of European identity .................................................................... 99 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 102

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INTRODUCTION The population in the European Union Member States is becoming increasingly diverse as a result of people moving across borders. More and more Europeans have connections not just with the country they live in. Against the background of European cohesion within a wider EU and of international migration patterns, a special interest emerged in 'New Europeans': people who live in the EU and have connections with more countries than just the country where they live (whether this is another Member State, a European country outside the EU, or a nonEuropean country). Connectedness is a broad, rich concept; it can take several forms, objective or subjective. In this report we use the term 'New Europeans' to contrast them with 'Old Europeans': the latter are EU citizens who have no special connection with any country other than their own. Of course, the terms 'New and Old Europeans' as used in this report have nothing to do with 'old' and 'new' Member States (i.e. those that joined the EU since 2004). The cross-border connectedness (where it exists) is multifaceted and therefore we should not reduce it into a yes-or-no issue. The challenge is to find ways to study these varying degrees of connectedness, while taking into account the fact that this may involve diverse and complex connections. The Directorate General of Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities of the European Commission has commissioned this Eurobarometer survey to gain insight into peoples’ connectedness to other countries. The challenge in this research was to identify these 'New Europeans': who are they, where can we find them? They tend to be hidden in the existing data sources and include children of migrants, mixed couples, international students, retirement migrants and expats. However, the Eurobarometer is an opinion survey and despite the substantial sample of around 27,500 respondents per wave, it is not a census and therefore not suitable for demographic statistical purposes. In this respect any opinion survey has its limitations. A brief analysis of the nationality and the mother tongue of the respondents may illustrate this limitation. The proportion of respondents in this survey who hold a nationality other than that of the country where they live (dual or single nationality) varies from low (4% to 8% in eight countries) to extremely low (1% to 3% in thirteen countries) or close to zero (in five countries, all new Member States1). The only exception is Luxembourg, where 34% of

1

Countries that have joined the EU since 2004.

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the respondents hold a non-Luxembourg nationality (or another nationality in addition to Luxembourg citizenship). Accordingly, we examined the mother tongue of those surveyed. In all 27 EU Member States, there are respondents with a mother tongue other than the official national language(s) of the country they live in. Again, these proportions vary from extremely low (1% to 3% in six countries) or low (4% to 7% in nine countries) to noticeable (8% to 17% in ten countries) or substantial, though this is only the case in two countries (26% in Luxembourg and 29% in Latvia). In short, the examination of the proportion of respondents who hold a nationality and/or speak a mother tongue other than that of their country of residence reveals that these groups are small, and can therefore yield only a limited picture of the cross-border connectedness of people living in the EU. A further limitation arises from the target population of the Eurobarometer: European citizens aged fifteen years or older. This means that it does not involve younger citizens, nor does it include residents without EU citizenship. Nevertheless, in spite of these limitations, the survey provides reliable indications of the diverse population in Europe and of the strength of their connectedness across the borders of the country in which they live. Building analytical variables: Two key analytical variables were constructed in order to enrich the analysis, and especially to see how far the type of connection with other countries may influence respondents’ opinions and attitudes on the different issues tackled in the survey. The first variable reflects respondents’ ancestry or roots in other countries and the second their openness to other countries. Using these indices, three groups of respondents can be distinguished: 

'New Europeans by ancestry' They have a migrant background, that is, at least one parent or grandparent originates from a country other than the interviewee’s country of residence and not all of their four grandparents held citizenship of this country at birth (15% of the sample).



'New European by openness' These are people who developed strong ties to a country other than their country of residence. This can be so for four different reasons: they have worked or studied in another country for some time, or have a partner from another country, or they may own property abroad (20% of the sample).

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'Old Europeans' Old Europeans have roots only in the country where their parents and grandparents were born. Moreover, when their grandparents were born, all four were citizens of the country where the respondent was interviewed. They are Europeans citizens as a consequence of their country being or becoming a Member State of the EU. Moreover, they have no links with other countries, in the sense that they have neither worked nor studied in another country, they have never lived with a partner from another country, and they do not own property abroad (64% of the sample).

In this report, we compare the answers from respondents who are 'New Europeans by openness' from those who are not in this category: we will name the latter 'respondents not open to other countries'. Similarly, we compare the answers from respondents who are 'New Europeans by ancestry' from those who are not in this category: we will name the latter 'respondents without foreign descent'. Note that the two groups of 'New Europeans' (by ancestry and by openness) partly overlap. A respondent with ancestral roots in another country may also, for example, have property in that other country, or may have studied there. Nevertheless, in this report, answers from each of the three groups – 'New Europeans by ancestry', 'New Europeans by openness' and 'Old Europeans' will be separately analysed as a whole, in order to have a clear view of the possible different influences of ‘active’ openness (as defined by choices) on the one hand and ‘passive’ ancestry (as defined by facts) on the other. If we consider only the exclusive groups, we then have four categories of respondents: 'New Europeans by openness alone' (11% of the sample), 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (8% of the sample), 'Old Europeans' (64% of the sample), and a group of unclassifiable respondents who didn’t answer some questions (don’t know) or presenting mixed characteristics (for instance, being 'New Europeans' by openness and by ancestry). This last group represents 17% of the total sample. In this report, answers of those who are 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' or 'New Europeans by openness alone', are also analysed.

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Four different types of connectedness: Cross-country connectedness is, as mentioned above, a broad concept. For deeper analysis of and insight into European connectedness, the following four different types will be identified in this report. 

Family background Respondents’ place of birth and that of their parents and grandparents, supplemented with the citizenship of their grandparents at birth.



Personal links Respondents’ personal relationships with other people who live abroad or come from abroad: close friends, brothers, sisters, children, parents and/or a partner they live or have lived with.



Personal experience Respondents’ own experience of living in another country in the past because of work, education or owning property.



Socio-cultural links This can take various forms, such as a preference for foreign cuisine, an interest in news, cultural life or sports of another country, spending leisure time abroad or having foreign language skills.

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This report is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the four types of connectedness mentioned above. The second part examines respondents’ plans to move to another country and how this relates to issues of ancestry and openness. The third part focuses on respondents’ attachment to these other countries as compared with the country where they live and on respondents’ feelings of belonging to a group. Reasons for the attachment and different geographical levels of attachment are discussed, as well as reasons for belonging to a group. The fourth and final part of this report deals with the determinants and elements of national and European identity. ***** The findings of this survey are analysed firstly at EU level and then country-by-country. Socio-demographic

variables

such

as

respondents’

gender,

age,

education

and

occupation, are used to provide additional analysis. In addition, we use the variables described above to distinguish between different types of Europeans (New-by-openness, New-by-ancestry and Old) for further analysis. The survey was commissioned by the European Commission’s Directorate General (DG) for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities and coordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication. It was carried out by TNS Opinion & Social network between 12 March and 1 April 2010. The methodology used is that of Eurobarometer surveys as carried out by European Commission’s Directorate-General for Communication (‘Public Opinion and Speechwriting’ unit). A technical note on the manner in which interviews were conducted by the Institutes within the TNS Opinion & Social network is attached as an annex to this report. This note indicates the interview methods and the confidence intervals. The Eurobarometer web site can be consulted at the following address: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm We would like to take the opportunity to thank all the respondents across the European Union who gave their time to take part in this survey. Without their active participation, this study would simply not have been possible.

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In this report, the countries are represented by their official abbreviations. The abbreviations used in this report correspond to:

ABBREVIATIONS EU27

European Union – 27 Member States

DK/NA

Don’t know / No answer

BE

Belgium

BG

Bulgaria

CZ

Czech Republic

DK

Denmark

D-E

East Germany

DE

Germany

D-W

West Germany

EE

Estonia

EL

Greece

ES

Spain

FR

France

IE

Ireland

IT

Italy

CY

Republic of Cyprus

LT

Lithuania

LV

Latvia

LU

Luxembourg

HU

Hungary

MT

Malta

NL

The Netherlands

AT

Austria

PL

Poland

PT

Portugal

RO

Romania

SI

Slovenia

SK

Slovakia

FI

Finland

SE

Sweden

UK

The United Kingdom

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Executive Summary Different types of connectedness to other countries 

Foreign ancestry is the most obvious type of connectedness to another country, but is not very common; more than 85% of Europeans were themselves born, or have parents or grandparents who were born in their country of residence. Similarly, eight out of ten Europeans have all four grandparents born as citizens of their country of residence.



Personal relationships with people from or in other countries are widespread. Four in ten Europeans have close friends living in another country; more than a quarter have close friends who came from abroad and/or close relatives – brothers, sisters, children, parents – who live abroad.



Personal experiences abroad are less widespread but significant. Almost one in eight Europeans have worked abroad, one in twelve studied abroad, and one in ten stayed abroad for three consecutive months or longer for other reasons.



Socio-cultural links with other countries are widespread. More than a third of Europeans regularly eat food typical of another country, follow news, cultural life or sports from another country, are fluent in at least one foreign language, or regularly spend holidays or weekends abroad, that is, in a country other than the country of residence.

Expecting to emigrate within ten years 

More than one in ten Europeans envisage to move to another country within the next ten years, half of them to another EU Member State.



New Europeans are more likely to move abroad, particularly 'New Europeans by openness': one in five compared to only one in twenty 'Old Europeans'.

Feelings of attachment and belonging 

Around one in two Europeans feel an attachment to at least one country other than their country of residence. 'New Europeans' are far more likely to feel attached to another country than their country of residence than 'Old Europeans'.



This attachment to a specific country other than their country of residence seems to reflect historical-cultural similarities (language) or mere geographical proximity.



The top three reasons for attachment to another country are: regularly spending holidays and weekends there, followed by having close relatives there (both in particular for 'New Europeans by ancestry'), and having close friends who live there (especially for 'New Europeans by openness').



Europeans’ attachment to their own country (of residence) is far stronger than that to their favoured other countries. This is true even for New Europeans.

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Turning to feelings of belonging to a group, seven in ten Europeans feel they belong to a majority group and almost one in ten feel they belong to a minority group. When it comes to how Europeans feel they are perceived by others, their answers are comparable. 'New Europeans by ancestry' are more likely to feel belonging to a minority group.

Identity 

For Europeans, the most important element of national identity is to be born in their country (though less so for 'New Europeans').



'New Europeans by openness alone' most often mention the sharing of cultural traditions and feeling national as important aspects of national identity, whereas 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' think so of mastering the national language of their country of residence.



The leading elements of European identity are clearly the euro and democratic values. Six in ten Europeans say that being European is important to them, the same as in spring 2009.



There are no significant differences between 'Old and New Europeans' as regards European identity, the only exception being that 'New Europeans' - by openness and by ancestry - consider democratic values to be more important than 'Old Europeans' do.

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SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

1.

NEW EUROPEANS

'NEW EUROPEANS' IN THE EU: DIFFERENT

TYPES OF CONNECTEDNESS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES People can have connectedness to countries other than the country where they live through various links. Connectedness can involve subjective and emotional reasons as well as more objective matters, such as education or work. Therefore, connectedness is measured in different ways in the survey reported here. Respondents’ family ties abroad are analyzed first, followed by other personal links, their personal experiences in other countries and, finally, by socio-cultural links.

1.1. Connectedness through family background Respondents were asked about the places of birth of themselves, their parents and their grandparents: whether they were born in the country where they live, another EU country, another non-EU country in Europe or another country outside Europe2. More than nine out of ten Europeans were born in the country of interview, and eight out of ten have all four grandparents born with the citizenship of the country of interview. This means that connection to other countries through family background applies to only small proportions of Europeans.

2

QB4 QB4.1 QB4.2 QB4.3 QB4.4 QB4.5 QB4.6 QB4.7

I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. You were born in … Your mother was born in … Your father was born in … Your grandmother on your mother’s side was born in … Your grandfather on your mother’s side was born in … Your grandmother on your father’s side was born in … Your grandfather on your father’s side was born in …

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Country-by-country analysis shows that Luxembourg stands out clearly as the country with the highest number of respondents who have parents or grandparents born in another country, mainly in other EU Member States. Austria, Germany, France and the UK follow with the same pattern. The UK, however, has more respondents with grandparents born outside Europe (mostly in Asia). Two Baltic States, Latvia and Estonia, have the highest number of respondents with parents or grandparents born in a European country that is not a EU Member State (most likely Russia) or outside Europe. Socio-demographic analysis reveals a general pattern as regards age, education and urbanisation: the younger the respondents, the more likely they are to have foreign roots. Similarly, those who are highly educated and those who live in large towns are more likely to be of foreign descent.

12

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1.1.1.

NEW EUROPEANS

Place of birth of respondents

The most obvious type of connection a person can have with another country is a priori by being born in another country. The vast majority of respondents (93%) are born in the country where they live3. A small minority (7%) of interviewees were born abroad: 4% said that they were born in another EU Member State4, and just 1% in a non-EU country in Europe, including Turkey. Finally, a small percentage (2%) of respondents were born outside Europe Country-by-country analysis shows that the highest percentages of respondents who were born in a country other than their country of residence are found in Luxembourg (35%, by far the highest percentage), Germany (13%), Spain and the United Kingdom (both 12%), Belgium and Ireland (both 11%). All these countries, except Spain, have been EU Member States since 1973 or before. Countries with (almost) no respondents born elsewhere are Bulgaria and Romania (each 0%), Hungary and Poland (each 1%), Czech Republic and Slovakia (each 2%), Italy and Malta (each 3%).

3 4

(OUR COUNTRY) or a place that is part of (OUR COUNTRY) today. Another country that is today a member of the EU.

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QB4 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. You were born in (OUR COUNTRY) or Another country a place that is part of Another country that is today a (OUR COUNTRY) outside Europe member of the EU today EU27

93%

4%

3%

BE

89%

5%

2%

BG

100%

0%

0%

CZ

98%

2%

0%

DK

94%

3%

1%

DE

87%

7%

3%

EE

94%

1%

3%

IE

89%

10%

0%

EL

94%

3%

2%

ES

88%

5%

1%

FR

95%

2%

0%

IT

97%

2%

1%

CY

93%

4%

0%

LV

94%

1%

4%

LT

96%

1%

2%

LU

65%

31%

2%

HU

99%

1%

0%

MT

97%

2%

0%

NL

93%

2%

0%

AT

91%

6%

2%

PL

99%

1%

0%

PT

96%

1%

1%

RO

100%

0%

0%

SI

91%

1%

7%

SK

98%

2%

0%

FI

96%

1%

2%

SE

91%

5%

1%

UK

88%

5%

0%

Highest percentage per country

Lowest percentage per country

Highest percentage per item

Lowest percentage per item

14

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NEW EUROPEANS

Socio-demographic analysis reveals that some differences exist by age, education, subjective urbanisation and occupation. Respondents in the 25-39 age category are more likely to have been born abroad (10%) than those in the 15-24 group (6%) or the 40-54 (7%) and 55+ (5%) groups. Those educated for longest, till age 20 or beyond, are more likely to have been born abroad (10%) than those who finished school between 16 and 19 (7%) or at age 15 or younger (6%). Inhabitants of large towns are more likely to have been born abroad (11%) than those who live in a small or mid-sized town (6%) or a rural village (5%). As to occupation, slightly higher percentages of respondents who were born abroad are found among manual workers and the unemployed (each 10%). QB4.1 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. Y ou were born in… (OUR COUNTRY ) or a place that is part of (OUR COUNTRY ) today

Total "Abroad"

93%

7%

EU27

Age 15-24 94% 25-39 90% 40-54 93% 55 + 95% Education (End of) 1594% 16-19 93% 20+ 90% Still studying 94% Subjective urbanisation Rural village 95% Small/mid size tow n 94% Large tow n 89% Respondent occupation scale Self- employed 93% Managers 94% Other w hite collars 94% Manual w orkers 90% House persons 92% Unemployed 90% Retired 95% Students 94%

6% 10% 7% 5% 6% 7% 10% 6% 5% 6% 11% 7% 6% 6% 10% 8% 10% 5% 6%

*Total abroad is the sum of the following items: Another country that is today a member of the EU; Another country in Europe, including Turkey, but not a member of the EU; USA, Canada, Japan, Australia or New Zealand; Another country outside Europe

In addition, it is interesting to identify those with a migrant background. For that purpose, respondents were asked to indicate where their parents and grandparents were born.

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SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

1.1.2.

NEW EUROPEANS

Place of birth of respondents’ parents

Like the proportion of respondents born in another country, the proportion of respondents of foreign origin through their parents is also small. About one in ten respondents have at least one parent who was born in a country other than the respondent’s country of residence. 5% of respondents’ had parents who were born in another EU Member State 5 and 2% in a non-EU country in Europe, including Turkey (these results apply to both fathers and mothers). In addition, 3% of respondents’ mothers and 4% of their fathers were born in a country outside Europe.

5

Meaning another country that is a Member of the EU today.

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QB4 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. Y our mother was born in Another (OUR COUNTRY) country that is or a place that is today a part of (OUR member of the COUNTRY) today EU EU27

90%

5%

Y our father was born in Another country outside Europe 5%

Another (OUR COUNTRY) country that is or a place that is today a part of (OUR member of the COUNTRY) today EU 89%

5%

Another country outside Europe 6%

BE

85%

8%

2%

83%

9%

3%

BG

98%

1%

1%

99%

1%

0%

CZ

95%

5%

0%

95%

4%

0%

DK

92%

5%

1%

93%

4%

1%

DE

82%

10%

4%

81%

11%

4%

EE

85%

3%

7%

83%

4%

7%

IE

90%

9%

0%

90%

9%

0%

EL

89%

3%

6%

90%

3%

6%

ES

88%

5%

0%

88%

5%

0%

FR

87%

7%

1%

85%

8%

0%

IT

98%

1%

1%

98%

1%

1%

CY

94%

3%

1%

94%

3%

1% 9%

LV

84%

4%

8%

82%

3%

LT

92%

2%

3%

90%

2%

3%

LU

52%

43%

2%

56%

38%

3%

HU

97%

2%

1%

97%

3%

0%

MT

95%

3%

0%

97%

2%

0%

NL

92%

3%

0%

93%

2%

1%

AT

85%

10%

4%

85%

10%

3%

PL

98%

1%

1%

97%

1%

2%

PT

96%

1%

0%

96%

1%

0%

RO

99%

0%

1%

99%

0%

1%

SI

87%

2%

10%

85%

2%

11%

SK

96%

4%

0%

95%

4%

1%

FI

94%

1%

3%

94%

0%

4%

SE

87%

9%

2%

88%

7%

2%

UK

84%

6%

1%

84%

6%

1%

Highest percentage per country Highest percentage per item

Lowest percentage per country Lowest percentage per item

Country-by-country analysis reveals that again Luxembourg stands out, with almost half of respondents having a mother (48%) and/or father (44%) born in another country. Other countries with relatively high numbers of respondents with at least one parent born abroad are Germany (18% and 19% for mothers and fathers respectively), the United Kingdom (16% each), Latvia (16% and 17%), Austria (15% each), Belgium (15% and 17%) and Estonia (15% and 16%). Countries in which the fewest respondents have a parent born abroad are Romania (1% both for mothers and fathers), Bulgaria (2% and 1% respectively), Italy (2% both), Poland (2% and 3%) and Hungary (both 3%).

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QB4.2-3 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. Y our mother was born in

Y our father was born in

(OUR COUNTRY ) or a place that is part of (OUR COUNTRY ) today

Total "Abroad"

(OUR COUNTRY ) or a place that is part of (OUR COUNTRY ) today

Total "Abroad"

90%

10%

89%

11%

89% 87% 91% 92%

11% 13% 9% 8%

87% 87% 90% 92%

13% 13% 10% 7%

92% 91% 87% 89%

8% 9% 13% 11%

91% 90% 86% 88%

9% 9% 14% 12%

93% 91% 85%

7% 9% 15%

93% 90% 83%

7% 10% 17%

EU27 Age 15-24 25-39 40-54 55 + Education (End of) 1516-19 20+ Still studying Subjective urbanisation Rural village Small/mid size tow n Large tow n

*Total abroad is the sum of the following items : Another country that is today a member of the EU; Another country in Europe, including Turkey, but not a member of the EU; USA, Canada, Japan, Australia or New Zealand; Another country outside Europe

Socio-demographic analysis reveals that age, education and subjective urbanisation have an influence on the results. The 25-39 age cohort yields the highest proportions of mothers and fathers (13% both) born abroad compared to the 8% and 7% for the oldest respondents, aged 55 and over. Those who were educated up to or beyond age 20 are more likely to have a mother (13%) or father (14%) born in another country than respondents who had left school at 15 (8% for mothers and 9% for fathers). As for urbanisation, those living in large towns are more likely to have foreign mothers (15%) or fathers (17%) than rural dwellers (7% each for mothers and fathers).

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SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

1.1.3.

NEW EUROPEANS

Place of birth of respondents’ grandparents

12% of respondents have their grandfather on their father’s side that was born abroad. The same proportion of Europeans have their grandfather on their mother’s side that was born abroad. A closer look at the places of birth of both paternal and maternal grandfathers shows that 7% were born in another EU Member State, 2% in a non-EU country in Europe – including Turkey – and 3% outside Europe. Figures for maternal grandmothers are identical. Paternal grandmothers, however, show a comparable but slightly

different

pattern;

compared

to

the

three

other

grandparents

(paternal

grandfather, maternal grandfather and maternal grandmother), fewer were born in another EU Member State (6%) and more were born outside Europe (4%). Country-by-country analysis reveals that the largest proportions of respondents with all four grandparents born abroad are found in Luxembourg (39%), Slovenia (15%), the United Kingdom (12%), Austria (11%), Belgium (11%), Germany (11%) and Latvia (10%). The smallest proportions of interviewees with all four grandparents born abroad are found in Romania, Bulgaria and Malta (all 1%), Italy, Portugal, Hungary and Finland (all 2%). For each of the four types of grandparent, we observe the same pattern: Luxembourg stands out (around half for each grandparents). In Luxembourg, the high frequency of foreign grandparents seems mainly to be the result of immigration from France and Portugal6. In Austria and two of the Baltic States Latvia and Estonia - historical reasons may play a role: these countries experienced border changes in the course of three generations. In Austria, the majority of respondents’ ‘foreign’ grandparents were born in a current EU Member State, probably Germany. In the two Baltic States, they were born in a non-EU European country, probably Russia. Socio-demographic

analysis

yielded

a

similar

pattern

for

all

four

types

of

grandparents by age, education and subjective urbanisation. The likelihood that a respondent has a grandparent born abroad is higher if the respondent is younger (14% to 16% of those aged 15-24 compared to 9% of those aged 55+), more highly educated (15% of those who studied until the age of 20 or beyond compared to 9-10% of those who left school at 15 or before), and lives in a larger town (18% of those who inhabit a large town compared to 9% of those who live in a rural village – figures are for all four grandparents).

6 In our survey, 12% of the respondents interviewed in Luxembourg have Luxembourg citizenship, 7% French citizenship (Q1). See also: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-08-098/EN/KS-SF-08098-EN.PDF.

19

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

QB4 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born.

Your grandmother on your mother’s side was born in

(OUR COUNTRY ) or a place that is part of (OUR COUNTRY) today

Another country that is today a member of the EU

Another country outside Europe

Your grandfather on your mother’s side was born in

(OUR COUNTRY) or a place that is part of (OUR COUNTRY) today

Another country that is today a member of the EU

Another country outside Europe

Y our grandmother on your father’s side was born in

(OUR COUNTRY) or a place that is part of (OUR COUNTRY) today

Another country that is today a member of the EU

Another country outside Europe

Y our grandfather on your father’s side was born in

(OUR COUNTRY) or a place that is part of (OUR COUNTRY) today

Another country that is today a member of the EU

Another country outside Europe

EU27

87%

7%

5%

86%

7%

5%

86%

6%

6%

86%

7%

5%

BE

82%

10%

8%

82%

10%

8%

81%

10%

8%

81%

9%

9%

BG

97%

1%

1%

97%

2%

1%

97%

2%

1%

97%

2%

1%

CZ

90%

8%

0%

91%

7%

0%

89%

7%

0%

89%

7%

1%

DK

88%

8%

3%

89%

7%

3%

88%

7%

3%

89%

6%

3%

DE

79%

12%

7%

78%

12%

8%

77%

12%

8%

76%

12%

8%

EE

81%

4%

13%

79%

4%

13%

75%

6%

14%

75%

5%

14%

IE

90%

9%

1%

90%

9%

1%

90%

8%

2%

90%

9%

1%

EL

83%

3%

13%

83%

3%

13%

83%

3%

13%

83%

2%

14%

ES

89%

5%

6%

89%

5%

6%

88%

5%

7%

89%

5%

6%

FR

80%

11%

7%

79%

12%

6%

78%

12%

6%

78%

12%

6%

IT

98%

1%

1%

97%

1%

2%

98%

1%

1%

98%

1%

1%

CY

94%

3%

3%

95%

3%

2%

94%

3%

3%

94%

3%

3% 16%

LV

74%

6%

15%

75%

5%

14%

71%

4%

16%

68%

5%

LT

89%

2%

7%

89%

2%

7%

87%

3%

7%

87%

3%

7%

LU

46%

47%

5%

45%

48%

5%

48%

44%

6%

49%

43%

6%

HU

94%

4%

1%

94%

4%

1%

94%

4%

1%

93%

5%

1%

MT

95%

4%

1%

95%

4%

1%

96%

4%

0%

96%

3%

0%

NL

89%

5%

6%

91%

4%

4%

90%

5%

4%

91%

4%

4%

AT

77%

14%

5%

75%

15%

5%

76%

13%

5%

74%

14%

6% 2%

PL

93%

2%

3%

92%

2%

2%

92%

2%

3%

92%

2%

PT

96%

1%

3%

96%

1%

3%

96%

1%

2%

97%

1%

2%

RO

98%

1%

1%

98%

1%

1%

98%

1%

1%

98%

0%

1%

SI

85%

3%

11%

83%

4%

12%

84%

3%

12%

84%

3%

12%

SK

93%

6%

0%

93%

6%

0%

93%

5%

0%

92%

5%

1%

FI

91%

1%

8%

90%

1%

8%

92%

1%

6%

91%

1%

7%

SE

84%

11%

5%

83%

12%

4%

84%

10%

5%

84%

9%

6%

UK

79%

8%

11%

79%

8%

10%

79%

7%

10%

80%

7%

10%

Highest percentage per country Highest percentage per item

Lowest percentage per country Lowest percentage per item

20

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

1.1.4.

NEW EUROPEANS

Citizenship of respondents’ grandparents

To have a clearer picture of respondents’ ancestry, interviewees were asked about the citizenship of their grandparents7. This was asked to provide more certainty about the origin of respondents’ families. It is possible that grandparents who were born in the respondent’s country of residence may have held different citizenship at birth.

A large majority (79%) of those surveyed have four grandparents who were all born citizens of the respondent’s country of residence. Twelve percent of respondents say that not all their four grandparents were born with that citizenship. 4% have three such grandparents, 6% have two such grandparents and 2% have just one such grandparent. In total, 29% of Europeans have at least one grandparent who was born a citizen of a country other than the respondent’s country of residence. A comparison of grandparents born in respondent’s country of residence with the grandparents born as citizen from the respondent’s country of residence shows that there are only small differences between those who are ‘foreign by citizenship at birth’ and those who are ‘foreign by place of birth’.

7

QB5 Could you please tell me how many of your 4 grandparents were born as a citizen of (OUR COUNTRY)?

21

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. QB5 Grandparents who were born as citizens from the country of residence of the respondent

QB4 Grandparents who were born in the country of residence of the respondent

4 grandparents

79%

80%

3 grandparents

4%

4%

2 grandparents

6%

4%

1 grandparent

2%

1%

None

7%

8%

NSP

2%

3%

Further analysis confirms the strong relationship between the percentage of grandparents being ‘foreign by citizenship at birth’ and the percentage of grandparents being ‘foreign by place of birth’. Most (79%) of the respondents with all four grandparents born in another country also have all four grandparents who were ‘foreign by citizenship at birth’ and almost all (95%) of the respondents with no grandparents born abroad also have no grandparents who were ‘foreign by citizenship at birth’. Country-by-country analysis shows that the largest numbers of respondents with at least one grandparent born with citizenship other than that of the respondent’s country of residence are found in Luxembourg (61%), Latvia (40%), Austria (32%), Estonia (31%) and France (28%). In other words, these are the countries with most interviewees who have a migrant background. The lowest numbers were found in Italy (5%), Romania (6%), Hungary (8%), Malta (9%) and Cyprus (10%).

22

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

Socio-demographic analysis reveals that there are slight differences depending on the age and the level of education of the respondents. The likelihood that all four of a respondent’s grandparents are nationals of the respondent’s country of residence increases with age (e.g. 74% of those aged 15-24 compared to 83% of the 55+ group). Less educated respondents are slightly more likely than those with higher education to have four grandparents who are nationals of their country of residence: a large majority (84%) of those who left school by age of 15 compared with 78% of those who ended education between the age of 16 and 19 and 77% of those who studied until 20 or beyond. Furthermore, 60% of 'New Europeans by openness' have four grandparents with the nationality of the respondent’s country of residence. A much higher proportion - 84% - of those who are 'not open to other countries' have grandparents who all hold this citizenship. Therefore, openness might in part be the result of ancestry.

23

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

QB5 Could you please tell me how many of your 4 grandparents were born as a citizen of (OUR COUNTRY )?

EU27

Less than 4 grandparents 19%

4 grandparents

DK

79%

2%

74% 77% 79% 83%

2% 1% 2% 2%

84% 78% 77% 74%

2% 2% 1% 1%

60% 84%

1% 2%

Age 15-24 24% 25-39 22% 40-54 19% 55 + 15% Education (End of) 1514% 16-19 20% 20+ 22% Still studying 25% Openness to other countries Yes 39% No, none 14%

*Less than 4 grandparents is the sum of the following items : None; 1 grandparent; 2 grandparents; 3 grandparents.

1.2. Personal links with other countries The previous section dealt with respondents’ origin by birth, descent and ancestry as the first and most obvious type of connectedness respondents may have to other countries: connection as a given fact in respondents’ life. Conversely, this and the following sections will consider other types of cross-border connection, those that are based on respondents’ own choices. Respondents’ personal experiences abroad and their sociocultural interest in other countries will be covered in more detail in the following sections. First, this section starts with discussing connection through

respondents’ close

relationships. Connections to other countries can be studied by considering respondents’ close personal relationships with people – family and friends – who live or come from abroad. To get a picture of these relationships, respondents were asked about their close friends, close relatives and partners8.

8

QB6 For each of the next statements please tell me if it applies to you or not. QB6.1 You have close relatives (brothers, sisters, children, parents) who live in another country than (OUR COUNTRY). QB6.2 You have close friends who live in another country than (OUR COUNTRY). QB6.3 You have close friends in (OUR COUNTRY) who have moved here from abroad. QB6.4 You live or have lived with a partner of a different citizenship than your own.

24

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

A substantial proportion of respondents have at least one of four types of ‘foreign’ personal relationships as defined by this question. Having close friends living in another country is the most common of these (40% of respondents), followed by having close friends who moved from abroad to the country where the respondent lives (29%). In addition, more than one-quarter (27%) of those surveyed have close relatives (brothers, sisters, children, parents) who live in another country. Living with a partner of a different nationality is mentioned by a smaller proportion of respondents (8%) than the other three types of close personal relationship with people who live or come from abroad. Country-by-country analysis shows the following general pattern: Luxembourg – a country with a large proportion of respondents of foreign descent – stands out for all four types of personal relationship, with respondents having close friends living abroad (72%), or who came from abroad (69%), close relatives living abroad (60%) or a partner with a different nationality (32%). Ireland has also a high percentage of respondents with close relationships abroad, i.e. friends (68%) and/or relatives (59%), and also a large percentage of respondents with friends who came from abroad (42%). Sweden is also noticeable in this respect, with large numbers of respondents having close friends abroad (56%) or having close relationships with ‘foreigners’ within their own country, i.e. friends who came from abroad (57%) and/or who live(d) with a partner of a different nationality (17%). The Baltic States stand out for the large numbers of respondents with close friends and close relatives who live abroad: Lithuania (59% and 47% respectively), Latvia (61% and 43%) and Estonia (53% and 35%). The Mediterranean islands show the same pattern: Malta (53% and 66% respectively) and Cyprus (57% and 55%).

25

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

QB6 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have close friends who live in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

EU27

You have close friends in (OUR COUNTRY) who have moved here from abroad

You have close relatives (brothers, sisters, children, parents) who live in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

You live or have lived with a partner of a different citizenship than your own

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

40%

60%

29%

71%

27%

73%

8%

92%

BE

42%

58%

33%

67%

26%

74%

13%

87%

BG

51%

49%

10%

90%

29%

71%

1%

99%

CZ

33%

66%

18%

81%

15%

84%

3%

97%

DK

45%

55%

42%

58%

26%

74%

7%

93%

DE

38%

62%

37%

63%

28%

72%

11%

89%

EE

53%

46%

18%

82%

37%

62%

12%

87%

IE

68%

32%

42%

57%

59%

41%

11%

88%

EL

34%

66%

25%

75%

29%

71%

4%

95%

ES

37%

63%

41%

59%

27%

73%

13%

87%

FR

38%

62%

34%

66%

22%

78%

13%

87%

IT

23%

77%

17%

83%

12%

88%

4%

96%

CY

57%

43%

39%

61%

55%

45%

10%

90%

LV

61%

39%

17%

83%

43%

57%

11%

87%

LT

59%

41%

15%

85%

47%

53%

4%

95%

LU

72%

28%

69%

31%

60%

40%

32%

66%

HU

25%

75%

17%

83%

17%

83%

3%

96%

MT

53%

47%

32%

68%

66%

34%

7%

92%

NL

51%

49%

37%

63%

27%

73%

9%

91%

AT

39%

61%

39%

60%

25%

74%

10%

89%

PL

49%

51%

11%

89%

33%

67%

2%

98%

PT

49%

50%

29%

70%

45%

55%

5%

95%

RO

43%

56%

14%

85%

36%

63%

4%

95%

SI

50%

50%

42%

58%

38%

62%

6%

94%

SK

52%

48%

22%

77%

32%

68%

3%

97%

FI

43%

57%

27%

73%

31%

69%

5%

95%

SE

56%

44%

57%

42%

29%

71%

17%

83%

UK

45%

55%

33%

67%

37%

63%

8%

91%

26

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

Socio-demographic analysis reveals the following general pattern. Age, education and subjective urbanisation and occupation appear to affect respondents’ personal links with other countries: friends who live abroad, friends who came from abroad, close relatives abroad and a partner of a different citizenship. Gender is relevant only with respect to friends: slightly more men than women have friends abroad or who came from abroad. Age is important as respondents aged 25-39 more frequently have friends who live or came from abroad or a partner of a different citizenship than the younger respondents aged 15-24 and the older age cohorts of 40-54 and of 55+. There is little variation in the percentages of respondents having close relatives abroad in different age groups. Education is significant with respect to all four types of personal links: the longer their education, the more likely respondents are to have each of the four personal relationship types. Urbanisation also varies significantly with all four types of personal link, with those who live in cities tending to have personal relationships more often than those who live in small towns and villages. Occupation is relevant, with managers reportedly far more often having friends who live or came from abroad or a partner of a different nationality. There is no apparent relationship between occupation and having close relatives abroad. Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 'New Europeans by ancestry' far more frequently have at least one of the personal relationships with others abroad or from abroad than respondents who are not of foreign descent. Similarly, 'New Europeans by openness' significantly more often have close friends and close relatives living in other countries or friends who came from abroad. As discussed in the introduction of this report, the two groups of 'New Europeans' (by ancestry and by openness) partly overlap. A respondent with ancestral roots in another country may, for example, also have property in that other country, or may have studied there. A comparison between the non-overlapping groups (i.e. 'New Europeans by ancestry alone', 'New Europeans by openness alone' and 'Old Europeans') reveals a clear trend. 'New Europeans by openness alone' have the highest percentage of personal relationships, followed by 'New Europeans by ancestry alone'. Having close relatives abroad, unsurprisingly, is reported slightly more often by 'New Europeans by ancestry alone'.

27

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

1.2.1.

NEW EUROPEANS

Close friends living abroad

Four out of every ten Europeans have a close friend abroad: it is the most widespread type of personal link with other countries. Country-by-country analysis shows some differences in this respect. The countries with outstanding numbers of respondents with close friends abroad are again Luxembourg (72%) and Ireland (68%). They are followed by the countries where more than half of the interviewees have close friends abroad: Latvia (61%), Lithuania (59%), Cyprus (57%), Sweden (56%), Estonia and Malta (both 53%), Slovakia (52%), Bulgaria and the Netherlands (51% each). The countries with the smallest number of reported close friendships abroad are Italy (23%) and Hungary (25%) Socio-demographic analysis reveals several differences, not least in terms of education, where the best-educated report foreign friendships far more frequently than those with lower levels of education; 57% of those who stayed in full-time education until the age of 20 have close friends abroad compared to 25% of those who left school at 15. Age is significant as younger age cohorts report foreign friendships far more frequently than older Europeans: 48% of those aged 25-39 compared to 32% of those aged 55+. Occupation appears significant as managers (57%) are the most likely to have foreign friendships and those who are retired (30%) the least. Subjective urbanisation is of importance, with those who live in a city (47%) more likely to have close friends abroad than those who live in a small town (36%) or in a village (38%). Finally, the gender has a limited impact with slightly more men (41%) than women (38%) having close friends abroad. Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 'New Europeans by openness' far more frequently (75%) have close friends living in another country than those 'not open to other countries' (31%). Remarkably, 'New Europeans by ancestry' less often have close friends abroad (65%), but still far more often than those 'without foreign descent' (34%). Analysis of the non-overlapping groups shows that 'New Europeans by openness alone' (67%) are the most likely to have close friends who live abroad, significantly more even than 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (45%) and far more than 'Old Europeans' (28%).

28

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

1.2.2.

NEW EUROPEANS

Friends who come from abroad

Of all European interviewees, 29% are close friends with a person who lives in the same country as the interviewee, but who moved there from another country. Country-by-country analysis reveals that Luxembourg (69%) and Sweden (57%) have the largest proportion of respondents with friends from abroad, followed at some distance by Denmark, Ireland and Slovenia (all 42%). The countries with the lowest percentage of respondents with foreign friends are Bulgaria (10%), Poland (11%), Romania (14%) and Lithuania (15%). Socio-demographic analysis shows several significant differences. Education appears to be of great relevance as the longer respondents are educated, the more likely it is that they have friends who moved from abroad. Indeed, 41% of those who studied until they were 20 have such foreign friends, against 19% of those who left school at 15. A strong difference is also noted for age for the younger cohorts, 15-24 and 25-39 (36% each), which are more likely to have a foreign friend than respondents aged 40-54 (31%) or those aged 55+ (20%). Turning to occupation, managers (39%) and students (41%) report having friends who moved from abroad far more frequently than those who are retired (18%). QB6.3 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have close friends in (OUR COUNTRY) who have moved here from abroad Yes 29%

EU27

Sex Male 31% Female 27% Education (End of) 1519% 16-19 25% 20+ 41% Still studying 41% Subjective urbanisation Rural village 25% Small/mid size town 27% Large town 38% Ancestry/ Roots abroad Yes 56% No, none 23% Openness to other countries Yes 59% No, none 21%

29

No 71% 69% 73% 81% 75% 59% 59% 75% 73% 62% 44% 77% 41% 79%

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

Subjective urbanisation is of significance, respondents living in cities (38%) more often have foreign friends than those living in a small or middle sized town (25%) or rural dwellers (27%). Gender is important as more men (31%) than women (27%) have foreign friends. Analysis of 'New Europeans' reveals that 'New Europeans by openness' far more frequently (59%) have close friends who moved from another country than those 'not open to other countries' (21%). Accordingly, 'New Europeans by ancestry' report having close friends who came from abroad (56%) more often than those 'without foreign descent' (23%). When comparing only the non-overlapping groups, 'New Europeans by openness alone' more often have friends who came from abroad (47%) than 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (37%). 'Old Europeans' are the least likely to have friends abroad (19%). 1.2.3.

Close relatives living abroad

Respondents were also asked if they have close family relationships, i.e. brothers, sisters, children or parents, living in another country. As noticed above, more than one in four European interviewees have at least one close relative living abroad (see section 1.1). Country-by-country analysis shows that the following countries have the highest numbers of respondents with close relatives living abroad: Malta (66%), Luxembourg (60%), Ireland (59%), Cyprus (55%), Lithuania (47%) and Portugal (45%). In contrast, the countries with the lowest percentage of respondents who have close relatives living abroad are Italy (12%), the Czech Republic (15%) and Hungary (17%), in other words countries where only few respondents or their parents have roots abroad. Socio-demographic analysis reveals that education and subjective urbanisation play a role. Those who studied until 20 or longer (33%) have relatives living abroad more frequently than those who finished their education between 16 and 19 (26%) or who left school at 15 or younger (24%). Similarly, respondents living in a city (32%) are more likely to have close relatives abroad than those living in a small or middle-sized town (25%) or a village (26%).

30

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that more than half (53%) of the 'New Europeans by openness' have close relatives living abroad, which is more than the percentage of respondents 'not open to other countries' (21%). Here again, we see that openness might be partly the result of ancestry. The same pattern is found for 'New Europeans by ancestry' of whom more than half (57%) have close relatives living abroad compared to 21% of those 'without foreign descent'. Analysis of the non-overlapping groups reveals that 'New Europeans by openness alone' (36%) and 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (38%) are both more likely to have close relatives who live abroad than 'Old Europeans' (18%). 1.2.4.

Partner of a different nationality

Mixed marriage or cohabitation can be seen as an important measure of openness to another country. Almost one in ten respondents (8%) live or had lived with a partner of a different nationality. Country-by-country analysis reveals that Luxembourg (32%) stands out with the largest number of respondents who live or have lived with a partner of a different nationality than their own, followed some way behind by Sweden (17%), while the smallest numbers are found in Bulgaria (1%), Poland (2%), Slovakia (3%), Hungary (3%) and the Czech Republic (3%?).

QB6.4 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You live or have lived with a partner of a different citizenship than your own Yes 8%

No 92%

9% 8%

91% 92%

6% 8% 14% 5%

94% 92% 86% 94%

23% 5%

76% 95%

EU27 Sex Male Female Education (End of) 1516-19 20+ Still studying Ancestry/ Roots abroad Yes No, none Has worked abroad Yes No Has studied abroad Yes No

28% 5% 36% 6%

31

72% 94% 63% 94%

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

Socio-demographic analysis shows the influence of age and education on this dimension. Respondents aged 25-39 (13%) live or have lived with a partner of a different citizenship most frequently, compared with the younger respondents 15-24 (6%) and also the older respondents, those aged 40-54 (9%) and those aged 55+ (5%). Interviewees who finished education at the age of 20 or later (14%) more frequently have a partner of a different nationality than those who finished their education between the age of 16 and 19 (8%) or those who left school at the age of 15 (6%). Further analysis reveals that there is a connection between having a foreign partner and other characteristics of openness to other countries: 28% of those who have worked abroad and 36% of those who have studied abroad have a partner of a different nationality. Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 'New Europeans by ancestry' more often live or have lived with a partner of a different nationality than their own than those 'without foreign descent' (41% compared to 8%). 'New Europeans by openness' are not analysed in this respect since their group is defined – partly – by having a partner of a different citizenship. In short, one in four Europeans have close relatives living abroad, more than one in four have close friends who came from another country, and one in twelve have or had a partner of a different citizenship.

32

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

1.3. Personal experiences in other countries The connectedness respondents may have with other countries could be due to past experiences of living in those countries, for work and education, because they own property there or for other reasons9. The vast majority of respondents, between 87% and 96%, have not had such experiences abroad, at least not for a period longer than three consecutive months. However, a minority of respondents have lived in another country for work (13%), education (8%) or some other reason (10%). In addition, 3% own real property abroad.

Country-by-country analysis of personal experiences abroad reveals the following pattern. Luxembourg records the largest percentages for all four items: 27% of respondents have spent at least three consecutive months abroad for work, 46% for study and 34% for some other reason; 13% own property in another country. It is followed at some distance by Ireland (27%, 15%, 18% and 4 % respectively) and Sweden (23%, 16%, 20% and 2% respectively).

9

QB6 For each of the next statements please tell me if it applies to you or not. QB6.6 You have worked (including volunteering and traineeships) for at least three consecutive months in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.7 You have attended school or studied for at least half an academic year in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.8 You have lived for reasons other than study or work for at least three consecutive months in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.9 You own real property/ properties in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) (not timesharing)

33

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

QB6 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have worked (including volunteering and traineeships) for at least three consecutive months in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

You have attended school or studied for at least half an academic year in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

You have lived for reasons other than study or work for at least three consecutive months in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

You own real property/ properties in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) (not timesharing)

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

EU27

13%

87%

8%

92%

10%

90%

3%

96%

BE

11%

89%

9%

91%

12%

88%

5%

95%

BG

10%

90%

2%

98%

3%

97%

1%

99%

CZ

6%

94%

3%

97%

3%

97%

1%

99%

DK

22%

78%

12%

88%

17%

83%

3%

97%

DE

13%

87%

8%

92%

11%

89%

4%

95%

EE

12%

88%

7%

93%

11%

89%

2%

98%

IE

27%

73%

15%

85%

18%

82%

4%

96%

EL

12%

88%

9%

91%

9%

91%

3%

97%

ES

15%

85%

14%

86%

17%

83%

7%

92%

FR

13%

87%

7%

93%

12%

88%

4%

96%

IT

7%

93%

4%

96%

5%

95%

2%

98%

CY

17%

83%

21%

79%

15%

85%

5%

95%

LV

11%

89%

3%

97%

9%

91%

1%

99%

LT

14%

86%

3%

97%

7%

93%

1%

99%

LU

27%

73%

46%

54%

34%

66%

13%

84%

HU

9%

91%

3%

97%

4%

96%

1%

99%

MT

11%

88%

6%

94%

10%

90%

1%

99%

NL

18%

82%

12%

88%

15%

85%

4%

96%

AT

17%

83%

8%

91%

11%

88%

5%

94%

PL

10%

90%

2%

98%

4%

96%

1%

99%

PT

13%

87%

5%

95%

7%

93%

2%

98%

RO

8%

91%

1%

98%

5%

95%

0%

99%

SI

11%

89%

9%

91%

10%

90%

6%

94%

SK

15%

85%

3%

97%

5%

95%

1%

99%

FI

14%

86%

10%

90%

13%

87%

2%

98%

SE

23%

77%

16%

84%

20%

80%

2%

98%

UK

16%

84%

13%

87%

15%

85%

5%

94%

34

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

Socio-demographic analysis reveals the following general pattern regarding the influence of age, education and urbanisation on three of these four items: working, studying or staying for other reasons. Property ownership did not correlate with sociodemographic characteristics. Gender is of influence only with respect to work: more men than women have worked in another country. Age is of influence in that the 25-39 age cohort reports higher percentages of all experiences (excluding property ownership) than younger respondents aged 15-24 and the older age groups (40-54 and of 55+). Education is highly significant in this respect. Those who were educated until age 20 or later are more likely to have had one of these personal experiences abroad (excluding property ownership) than those with less education. Urbanisation carries some influence since interviewees who live in large towns are more likely to have had personal experiences abroad (excluding property ownership) than those who live in smaller towns or rural villages. Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 'New Europeans by ancestry' tend to have more personal experiences abroad, including property ownership, than those 'without foreign descent'

35

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

1.3.1.

NEW EUROPEANS

Work experience

Country-by-country analysis shows that working abroad – including volunteering and traineeships – for at least a period of three months was mentioned by more than a quarter of the respondents in Ireland and in Luxembourg (each 27%), and somewhat less, but still by a considerable number, in Sweden (23%) and Denmark (22%). Countries where the fewest respondents had work experience abroad are the Czech Republic (6%), Italy (7%), Romania (8%) and Hungary (9%). Socio-demographic analysis reveals that gender, age, education, occupation and urbanisation all have an impact. Men (16%) are more likely than women (10%) to have worked in another country. Respondents aged 25-39 (17%) are far more likely to have work experience abroad than those in the 15-24 age group (6%) or older respondents aged 40-54 (14%) and 55+ (11%).

QB6.6 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have worked (including volunteering and traineeships) for at least three consecutive months in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) EU27 Age 15-24 25-39 40-54 55 + Sex Male Female Education (End of) 1516-19 20+ Still studying Subjective urbanisation Rural village Small/mid size town Large town Ancestry/ Roots abroad Yes No, none

Yes 13%

No 87%

6% 17% 14% 11%

94% 83% 86% 89%

16% 10%

84% 90%

9% 11% 22% 6%

91% 89% 78% 94%

11% 11% 17%

89% 89% 83%

29% 9%

71% 91%

Respondents who were educated till the age of 20 or later (22%) are by far the most likely to have work experience abroad, much more likely than those who finished school between the ages of 16 and 19 (11%) or who left school at age 15 or earlier (9%). Occupation is also relevant: managers (21%) and the self-employed (18%) are more likely to have worked in another country than other white collar workers (11%).

36

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

Urbanisation has some slight influence; inhabitants of large towns (17%) are more likely to have worked abroad than those living in smaller towns or rural villages (both 11%). Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 'New Europeans by ancestry' are more likely to

have worked abroad than those 'without foreign descent' (29% compared to 9%). 1.3.2.

Study experience

Country-by-country analysis reveals that Luxembourg (46%) is the country with by far the largest proportion of respondents who have lived abroad for educational reasons, i.e. to study for at least half an academic year abroad. It is followed by Cyprus (21%), then at some distance by Sweden (16%), Ireland (15%), Spain (14%), the United Kingdom (13%), Denmark and the Netherlands (both 12%), and Finland (10%). In contrast, the lowest percentages are found in Romania (1%), Poland (2%), Bulgaria (2%), Slovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, and the Czech Republic (all 3%). Socio-demographic analysis shows the same pattern with respect to age, education and subjective urbanisation for educational experience abroad as for work experience. Those aged 25-39 (12%) are more likely to have studied abroad than younger respondents aged 15-24 (7%) or older respondents aged 40-54 (7%) and 55+ (5%). Those who were educated until age 20 or later (16%) are much more likely to have studied abroad than those who finished school between the age of 16 and 19 (4%) or whose education ended at age 15 or earlier (6%). Urbanisation has an impact, as inhabitants of large towns (12%) far more frequently have study experience abroad than those who live in a smaller towns or rural village (both 6%). Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 'New Europeans by ancestry' are more likely to

have studied abroad than those 'without foreign descent' (29% compared to 3%).

37

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

QB6.7 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have attended school or studied for at least half an academic year in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

EU27 Age 15-24 25-39 40-54 55 + Education (End of) 1516-19 20+ Still studying Subjective urbanisation Rural village Small/mid size town Large tow n Ancestry/ Roots abroad Yes No, none

1.3.3.

Yes

No

8%

92%

7% 12% 7% 5%

93% 88% 93% 95%

4% 6% 16% 7%

96% 94% 84% 93%

6% 6% 12%

94% 94% 88%

29% 3%

71% 97%

Other reasons for temporarily living abroad

Country-by-country analysis shows that respondents who had lived abroad for reasons other than study or work for at least three consecutive months are most numerous in Luxembourg (34%), followed at a distance by Sweden (20%) and Ireland (18%). The lowest percentages of respondents who had lived abroad for some other reason are recorded in the Czech Republic, Bulgaria (3% each), Poland, Hungary (4%), Slovakia, Romania and Italy (5%). Socio-demographic analysis shows that age and education are relevant. Respondents aged 25-39 (14%) say that they have lived abroad for reasons other than study or work more frequently than younger interviewees aged 15-24 (8%), or older respondents aged 40-54 (11%) and 55+ (9%). Respondents who were educated until age 20 or later (18%) are much more likely to have lived abroad at some time in the past for reasons other than study or work than those who finished school between the ages of 16 and 19 (9%) or who left school at age 15 or earlier (7%).

38

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

QB6.8 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. Y ou have lived for reasons other than study or work for at least three consecutive months in another country than (OUR COUNTRY ) Y es No EU27 10% 90% Age 15-24 8% 25-39 14% 40-54 11% 55 + 9% Education (End of) 157% 16-19 9% 20+ 18% Still studying 8% Ancestry/ Roots abroad Yes 34% No, none 6% Openness to other countries Yes 43% No, none 2% Links with other countries None 2% Ancestry only 6% Openness only 29%

92% 86% 89% 91% 93% 91% 82% 92% 66% 94% 57% 98% 98% 94% 71%

Analysis of 'New Europeans' reveals, unsurprisingly, that 'New Europeans by ancestry' are more likely to have lived in another country for reasons other than work or study than those 'without foreign descent' (34% compared to 6%). Another striking result is that 'New Europeans by openness' are far more likely to have lived in another country for reasons other than study or work than those 'not open to other countries' (43% compared to 2%). When comparing only the non-overlapping groups, the analysis yields the following percentages: 'New Europeans by openness alone', 29%; 'New Europeans by ancestry alone', 6%; and 'Old Europeans' 2%. 1.3.4.

Owning real property

Country-by-country analysis shows that having a personal link to another country through property ownership (not timesharing) is reported mostly in Luxembourg (13%), followed by Spain (7%) and Slovenia (6%). Owners of property abroad are found the least frequently in Romania (0%), Slovakia, Poland, Malta, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, the Czech Republic and Bulgaria (all 1%). Socio-demographic analysis did not reveal any significant differences with respect to owning property abroad. 'New Europeans by ancestry', unsurprisingly, are more likely to have real property in another country than those 'without foreign descent' (13% compared to 1%).

39

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

To conclude, one in ten Europeans appear to have personal experience of another country as a result of having stayed there for at least three consecutive months for work, education or other reasons. This is a much smaller proportion than the one in four Europeans who have connections with other countries through personal relationships, which requires rather less purposeful effort on the part of respondents.

1.4.

Socio-cultural links with other countries

The connections that people feel with countries other than that in which they live may be related to socio-cultural links they have with that country. This can take various forms, such as a preference for foreign cuisine, interest in news, cultural life or sports of another country, spending leisure time abroad or having foreign language skills. In this section, respondents were asked to indicate whether they had such links with other countries10.

More than one-third of the respondents regularly eat food at home which is typical of another country (36%), regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from another country (34%) or fluently speak at least one other language than that of the country where they live (34%). Slightly more than one in five respondents (22%) regularly spend holidays or weekends in one

10

particular

country

other

than

where

he

or

she

lives.

QB6 For each of the next statements please tell me if it applies to you or not. QB6.5 You are fluent in at least one other language than (INTERVIEW LANGUAGE) QB6.10You regularly spend your holidays/weekends in one particular country other than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.11 You regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.12 You regularly eat food at home that is typical of another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

40

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

QB6.5 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not.

You regularly eat food at home that is typical of another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

You regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

You are fluent in at least one other language than (INTERVIEW LANGUAGE)

You regularly spend your holidays/weekends in one particular country other than (OUR COUNTRY)

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

EU27

36%

63%

34%

65%

34%

66%

22%

78%

BE

55%

45%

55%

45%

55%

45%

48%

52%

BG

5%

94%

24%

76%

38%

61%

1%

99%

CZ

28%

71%

29%

71%

33%

67%

16%

84%

DK

61%

38%

51%

49%

77%

23%

39%

61%

DE

45%

54%

39%

61%

45%

55%

38%

62%

EE

17%

81%

42%

57%

72%

28%

9%

91%

IE

52%

48%

53%

47%

18%

82%

29%

71%

EL

14%

86%

27%

73%

35%

65%

4%

96%

ES

28%

72%

36%

64%

34%

66%

13%

86%

FR

51%

49%

39%

61%

29%

71%

22%

78%

IT

8%

92%

21%

78%

18%

82%

10%

90%

CY

24%

76%

59%

41%

48%

52%

9%

91%

LV

23%

75%

49%

51%

87%

13%

4%

96%

LT

13%

86%

37%

63%

76%

24%

8%

92%

LU

80%

20%

84%

16%

96%

4%

78%

22%

HU

25%

75%

43%

56%

19%

81%

3%

97%

MT

42%

58%

81%

19%

86%

14%

20%

80%

NL

81%

19%

68%

32%

76%

24%

51%

49%

AT

39%

60%

36%

64%

41%

59%

43%

56%

PL

12%

86%

17%

82%

24%

75%

4%

95%

PT

24%

75%

38%

62%

30%

70%

6%

94%

RO

16%

81%

20%

79%

26%

73%

5%

94%

SI

26%

73%

36%

64%

65%

35%

45%

55%

SK

31%

68%

42%

58%

48%

52%

22%

78%

FI

28%

71%

25%

75%

59%

41%

13%

87%

SE

50%

49%

42%

58%

70%

30%

26%

74%

UK

66%

34%

35%

65%

20%

80%

33%

67%

41

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

Country-by-country analysis shows the following general pattern. Luxembourg and to a lesser extent the Netherlands stand out for all four types of socio-cultural links with other countries; they have among the largest numbers of interviewees who are fluent in at least one other language than the language of the interview (96% and 76% respectively), or who regularly eat food at home that is typical of another country (80% and 81%), follow news, cultural life or sports from another country (84% and 68%), or spend their holidays or weekends in one particular country other than their country of residence (78% and 51%). Other countries with high percentages of respondents with socio-cultural links to other countries – though not in all four categories – are Malta for speaking another language (86%) and following news, cultural life or sports from another country (81%), and Denmark for speaking another language (77%) and interest in the national cuisine of other countries (61%). Furthermore, the Baltic States – Latvia (87%), Lithuania (76%) and Estonia (72%) – stand out as all three of them rank highly in terms of the proportion of respondents speaking another language. Socio-demographic analysis reveals the following general pattern regarding the influence of age, education, occupation, urbanisation and difficulties paying bills on all four kinds of respondents’ socio-cultural links with other countries: food, information, language and leisure time. Variations by gender only affect information and leisure time. The general pattern outlined below will be explained in more detail in the following sections which will address each socio-cultural link separately. Gender differences only appear for information and leisure time, with men more likely than women to regularly follow news, cultural events and sports of another country or spend weekends or holidays in another country. Age is relevant as younger age cohorts are more likely to have socio-cultural links to another country than the older age cohorts. In particular the oldest respondents aged 55+ are less likely to have socio-cultural links to other countries. Education is highly significant, with those who are more educated – i.e. studied until the age of 20 or later – much more likely to have socio-cultural links with other countries than those who are less educated, i.e. those who ended their education between ages 16 to 19 and those who left school before the age of 16. Urbanisation appears relevant as those living in large towns report socio-cultural links with other countries more often than residents of smaller towns and villages. Occupation is relevant, with managers clearly standing out as having the most frequent socio-cultural links with other countries. Financial difficulties are relevant with those who almost never have problems with paying their bills having noticeably more frequent socio-cultural links with other countries than those who from time to time or most of the time have such difficulties.

42

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

QB6 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. % answers Y es

36%

34%

34%

Y ou regularly spend your holidays/weekends in one particular country other than (OUR COUNTRY ) 22%

36% 33%

39% 30%

24% 20%

37% 35%

42% 45% 40% 25%

35% 38% 36% 30%

46% 43% 34% 23%

21% 25% 24% 18%

21% 36% 50% 44%

25% 32% 47% 38%

15% 28% 57% 56%

13% 21% 32% 24%

34% 35% 42%

34% 32% 38%

31% 32% 43%

20% 21% 25%

37% 54% 40% 42% 31% 35% 24% 44%

36% 47% 37% 35% 26% 33% 30% 38%

38% 56% 40% 31% 25% 31% 22% 56%

24% 36% 27% 23% 16% 15% 17% 24%

28% 32% 40%

26% 30% 38%

26% 29% 38%

12% 14% 27%

62% 31%

53% 31%

62% 28%

41% 18%

62% 30%

58% 28%

66% 26%

42% 17%

27% 50% 54%

27% 37% 51%

24% 44% 56%

15% 29% 34%

Y ou regularly eat food at Y ou regularly follow news, home that is typical of cultural life or sports from another country than another country than (OUR (OUR COUNTRY ) COUNTRY ) EU27 Sex Male Female Age 15-24 25-39 40-54 55 + Education (End of) 1516-19 20+ Still studying Subjective urbanisation Rural village Small/mid size tow n Large tow n Respondent occupation scale Self- employed Managers Other w hite collars Manual w orkers House persons Unemployed Retired Students Difficulties paying bills Most of the time From time to time Almost never Ancestry/ Roots abroad Yes No, none Openness to other countries Yes No, none Links with other countries None Ancestry only Openness only

43

Y ou are fluent in at least one other language than (INTERVIEW LANGUAGE)

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

Analysis of 'New Europeans' reveals that 'New Europeans by ancestry' are far more likely to have at least one of the socio-cultural links with other countries than those 'without foreign descent'. Similarly, as one would expect, 'New Europeans by openness' report far more frequent socio-cultural links to other countries than those 'not open to other countries'. When comparing only the non-overlapping groups there is a clear trend for all four socio-cultural links, showing that 'New Europeans by openness alone' have the highest percentages of cultural links, followed by 'New Europeans by ancestry alone'. 1.4.1.

Food

Country-by-country analysis shows that two countries stand out in reporting food as a socio-cultural link to another country. The highest percentages of respondents who regularly eat food at home that is typical of other countries than their country of residence are found in the Netherlands (81%) and Luxembourg (80%), followed at some distance by the United Kingdom (66%) and Denmark (61%). The lowest percentages of respondents interested in other national cuisines are found in Bulgaria (5%) and Italy (8%). Socio-demographic analysis shows that age, education, occupation, urbanisation and financial situation are relevant. Older interviewees are much less fond of foreign cuisine than younger age cohorts: those aged 55+ (25%) report eating food typical of another country at home much less often than those aged 40-54 years (40%), 25-39 years (45%) and 15-24 years (42%). As the level of education increases, respondents are more likely to eat foreign food at home; one in two (50%) of those who studied until the age of 20 regularly have a foreign meal at home compared to one in five (21%) of those who left school at 15 or earlier. Regarding occupation, managers (54%) stand out for their fondness for foreign food, with retired respondents (24%) at the other extreme. Turning to urbanisation, interviewees who live in cities (42%) tend to have food that is typical of another country more often than those who live in a smaller town (35%) or village (34%). Interviewees who almost never have problems paying their bills (40%) eat foreign food at home significantly more often than those who do have such problems from time to time (32%) or most of the time (28%). Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 'New Europeans by ancestry' are twice as likely to eat food at home that is typical of another country than those 'without foreign descent' (62% compared to 31%). The comparison between 'New Europeans by openness' and those 'not open to other countries' shows the same pattern (62% against 30%). Analysis of the non-overlapping groups reveals that 'New Europeans by openness alone' (54%) and 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (50%) are both more likely to eat food from another country at home than 'Old Europeans' (27%).

44

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

1.4.2.

NEW EUROPEANS

Follow news, cultural life and sports

Country-by-country analysis reveals that two countries stand out with a vast majority of interviewees who regularly follow news, cultural life or sports of another country than that in which they live: Luxembourg (84%) and Malta (81%) followed at some distance by the Netherlands (68%) and Cyprus (59%). The lowest percentages of respondents interested in news, cultural life or sports of another country are in Poland (17%), Romania (20%) and Italy (21%). Socio-demographic

analysis

shows

that

gender,

age,

education,

occupation,

urbanisation and financial situation are all relevant. Gender is highly significant as men (39%) are more likely to regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from another country than women (30%). Older interviewees are less interested in such information than the younger: those aged 55+ (30%) follow foreign news, cultural life or sports less often than those aged 40-54 (36%), 25-39 (38%) or 15-24 (35%). The longer they were educated, the more likely respondents are to follow foreign news, cultural life or sports: almost one in two (47%) of those who studied until they were 20 or later regularly do this, compared to one in four (25%) of those who left school by 15. Turning to occupation, managers (47%) stand out for their interest foreign news, cultural life or sports, compared to retired respondents (30%). Furthermore, city-dwellers (38%) tend to follow foreign news, cultural life or sports more often than those living in small towns (32%) or villages (34%). Interviewees who have no difficulty paying their bills (38%) are more likely to be interested in information from another country than those who are in bad financial situation most of the time (26%). Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that respondents 'New Europeans by ancestry' are more likely to regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from another country than those 'without a foreign descent' (53% against 31%). Likewise with 'New Europeans by openness' compared with those 'not open to other countries' (58% against 28%). Analysis of the non-overlapping groups reveals, remarkably, that 'New Europeans by openness alone' (51%) are more likely to regularly follow news, cultural life or sports of another country than 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (37%). 'Old Europeans' show the least interest in such information (27%).

45

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

1.4.3.

NEW EUROPEANS

Foreign language skills

One in three Europeans interviewed is fluent in at least one other language than the language in which the interview took place. Having foreign language skills may be the cause or the result of feeling connected to another country. Country-by-country analysis reveals that in three countries almost all interviewees speak at least one other language than the language of the interview: Luxembourg (96%), Latvia (87%) and Malta (86%). Countries where somewhat fewer, but still a substantial majority speak another language are Denmark (77%), Lithuania (76%), the Netherlands (76%), Estonia (72%) and Sweden (70%). The countries with the lowest numbers of respondents speaking foreign languages are Italy (18%), Ireland (18%) and Hungary (19%). Socio-demographic analysis reveals a number of variations with age, education, occupation, urbanisation and financial situation. Younger respondents are more likely to speak another language: almost one in two (46%) of those aged 15 or older, compared to almost one in four (23%) of those aged 55 or older. As the level of education increases, respondents are more likely to speak another language: 15% of those who left school at 15 compared to 57% of those who studied until the age of 20. As to occupation, again managers stand out with 56% of them speaking another language fluently. Turning to subjective urbanisation, inhabitants of cities (43%) tend to speak another language more often than rural dwellers (31%). Finally, citizens without financial problems (38%) are more likely to speak another language than those who report difficulties in paying bills most of the time (26%). Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 'New Europeans by ancestry' are much more likely to speak another language than those 'without a foreign descent' (62% compared to 28%). This is even more so for 'New Europeans by openness' compared to those 'not open to other countries' (66% compared to 26%). The analysis of the non-overlapping groups reveals that 'New Europeans by openness alone' (56%) far more frequently speak another language than 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (44%). As expected, 'Old Europeans' are the least likely to speak another language (24%). Respondents were also asked which languages other than their mother tongue they could speak well enough to be able to hold a conversation11. The language which European respondents speak most often - besides their mother tongue - is English. Almost one in three (31%) of the interviewees (non native English speakers) can hold a conversation in English. Other languages follow some way behind. Almost one in ten of European respondents can speak German (9%) or French (8%) besides their mother tongue. Much rarer, but still significant are Spanish (4%) and Russian (3%).

11

QB7a What is (are) your mother tongues(s)? QB7b And what other language(s) do you speak well enough to be able to have a conversation?

46

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

1.4.4.

NEW EUROPEANS

Holidays and weekends

Country-by-country analysis reveals that respondents who regularly spend their holidays or weekends in one particular country other than their country of residence are most numerous in Luxembourg (78%), the Netherlands (51%), Belgium (48%), Slovenia (45%) and Austria (43%). Countries with the smallest proportions of respondents that spend leisure time abroad on a regular basis are Bulgaria (1%), Hungary (3%), Poland, Latvia, Greece (all 4%), Romania (5%), Portugal (6%), Lithuania (8%) and Cyprus (9%). Socio-demographic analysis of leisure time shows significant variation by gender, age, education, occupation, urbanisation and financial situation. The pattern is similar to that observed in the other items of that section on socio-cultural links with other countries12. Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 'New Europeans by ancestry' are more likely to spend holidays or weekends in another country than the country where they reside than respondents 'without a foreign descent' (41% against 18%). There is a similar picture for 'New Europeans by openness' compared with those 'not open to other countries' (42% against 17%). Analysis of non-overlapping groups shows that 'New Europeans by openness alone' (34%) and to a lesser extent those 'by ancestry alone' (29%) are both more likely to spend leisure time abroad than 'Old Europeans' (15%). *

*

*

To summarize, the aim of this first part of the report was to evaluate to what extent and in which ways Europeans are connected to countries other than their country of residence. We saw that cross-border connections through personal relationships (close friends and close relatives) are most widespread. Other types of connection (foreign descent, personal experiences abroad and socio-cultural links with other countries) occur much less often across the European Union. Luxembourg stands out as having large proportions of respondents with all four types of connection to other countries measured in this survey. Ireland and Sweden stand out in terms of personal relationships and personal experience abroad and the Netherlands for socio-cultural links with other countries. Respondents in the 25-39 age group, those with the longest educations, and those who live in large towns show the highest levels of cross-border connectedness of all four types. In addition, the youngest group aged 15-24 show high proportions of socio-cultural links to other countries and are more likely than average to have foreign grandparents.

12

1.4: Socio-cultural links with other countries. Page 39 of the report: . Food ; Follow news, cultural life and sports; Foreign language skills

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2.

NEW EUROPEANS

PLANS TO MOVE TO ANOTHER COUNTRY

While the previous chapter dealt with Europeans’ connectedness with other countries through their personal relationships and their own experiences in other countries, this chapter focuses more on how respondents are likely to behave in the future as regards settling in another country.

2.1. Inclination to emigrate within ten years The interviewees were asked to estimate how likely they are to settle in another country within ten years. Economic reasons can be important, e.g. migration for access to better labour markets. It may also be considered that respondents’ enthusiasm for moving to another country shows their openness to other countries. For a large majority of Europeans (86%) it is probably not be the case: ‘not at all likely’ (66%) or ‘not very likely’ (20%). A minority of 11%, however, think that they are ‘fairly’ or ‘very likely’ to move to another country.

Country-by-country analysis reveals that respondents in the following countries are the most likely to move abroad: Latvia (34%), Lithuania (24%), Luxembourg (20%), Ireland (18%), Denmark and Sweden (each 17%).

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The countries with the highest proportions of respondents saying it is 'not at all likely' they will move abroad are the Czech Republic (80%), Italy (76%), Cyprus (75%) and Hungary (74%). The Czech Republic, Italy and Hungary are also among the countries that have the lowest percentages of interviewees with personal experiences in another country (e.g. work, study) and the lowest number of close relatives living abroad, which may deter them from moving abroad. Cyprus is an exception here, ranking among the highest in those respects, and respondents’ unwillingness to leave their island appears to have other reasons.

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Socio-demographic analysis reveals differences related to age, education and occupational situation. The younger the respondents are, the more likely they are to move abroad. More than a quarter (27%) of the respondents aged 15-24 expect to move to another country within 10 years, followed by 15% of those aged 25-39 and 9% of those aged 40-54. Only 3% of the oldest respondents aged 55 and over expect they may move to another country. Respondents who stayed in full-time education up to age 20 or beyond are more likely to move to another country than those who left school between 16-19, or at 15 or earlier (14%, 9% and 4% respectively). Last but not least, respondents’ occupational situation appears to be of importance: those who are unemployed (17%) or still studying (30%) are more inclined to move abroad compared to those who are employed or have retired.

QB8 How likely do you think it is that you will move to another country within the next ten years, to live there?

EU27

Total 'Likely'

Total 'Not likely'

DK

11%

86%

3%

66% 81% 89% 96%

7% 4% 2% 1%

95% 89% 84% 62%

1% 2% 2% 8%

88% 84% 88% 84% 92% 79% 97% 62%

2% 3% 3% 3% 1% 4% 1% 8%

73% 90%

4% 2%

72% 90%

4% 2%

92% 83% 78%

2% 2% 3%

Age 15-24 27% 25-39 15% 40-54 9% 55 + 3% Education (End of) 154% 16-19 9% 20+ 14% Still studying 30% Respondent occupation scale Self- employed 10% Managers 13% Other w hite collars 9% Manual w orkers 13% House persons 7% Unemployed 17% Retired 2% Students 30% Ancestry/ Roots abroad Yes 23% No, none 8% Openness to other countries Yes 24% No, none 8% Links with other countries None 6% Ancestry only 15% Openness only 19%

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Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that almost one-quarter of the 'New Europeans by openness' are likely to move to another country to live there (24% against 8% of those 'not open to other countries'), similarly with the 'New Europeans by ancestry' (23% compared to 8% of those 'without foreign descent'). Comparing non-overlapping groups, 'New Europeans by openness alone' are slightly more likely to move abroad (19%) than those 'by ancestry alone' (15%). Both groups are more likely to move abroad than 'Old Europeans' (6%), which confirms that 'New Europeans' are somewhat more open to a Europe without internal borders than 'Old Europeans'.

2.2. Countries of preference Those respondents who are likely to move abroad were asked to which country that would be13. Half of them (50%) would expect to move to another EU Member State while 7% mentioned another country in Europe (outside the EU). For more than a third (36%) of the respondents who are likely to move abroad, their preferred country lies outside Europe: the United States of America, Canada, Japan, Australia or New Zealand (22%). The standard of living in these countries could explain this preference. Finally, a significant number expect to move to some other country outside Europe (14%).

The country-by-country analysis reveals some differences, but these should be interpreted with caution because of the smaller sample sizes, since this question was only put to those who expect to move to another country.

13

QB9

And if you were to move, where would it be to?

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Another EU Member State is the favoured destination for interviewees in Romania (81%), Greece (78%) and Lithuania (74%). A country in Europe that is not a EU Member State is mentioned most often in Italy (18%), Slovenia (17%) and Finland (14%). The United States of America, Canada, Japan, Australia and New Zealand are the most popular for respondents in the United Kingdom (37%) and Ireland (36%), maybe for language reasons (except for Japan). Some other country outside Europe is favoured most in the Netherlands (27%), Spain (22%) and France (21%). Socio-demographic analysis reveals some interesting differences on the basis of the socio-demographic profile of the interviewee, gender and age in particular. However, as pointed out above, these differences should be interpreted cautiously because of small sample sizes. Of those who expect to move abroad, the youngest are the most likely to choose these countries: 29% of those aged 15-24, followed by 22% of those aged 25-39, 17% of those aged 40-54 and 11% of those aged 55 and over. All in all, for the younger generation, the USA seems to exert a pull factor. It is also possible that language plays a role in the attractiveness of the USA for the young generation of Europeans. Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that both types of 'New Europeans' are more likely to move to another country outside Europe – other than the USA, Canada, Japan, Australia or New Zealand – (20% for 'New Europeans by ancestry' and 18% for 'New Europeans by openness') than those 'without a foreign descent' or 'not open to other countries' (11% and 9% respectively).

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3.

NEW EUROPEANS

ATTACHMENT AND FEELINGS OF BELONGING

People may feel attachment to several places and have feelings of belonging to various groups. This section firstly deals with respondents’ attachment to places at various geographical levels: other countries, their own country, their region, and their city, town or village. Secondly, respondents’ feelings of belonging to specific groups will be examined. The issue of particular interest in this section is to explore the differences that might exist between 'Old and New Europeans' regarding their feelings of attachment and belonging.

3.1

Attachment to other countries

Respondents were asked to name two other countries to which they feel most attached, apart from their country of residence. The country of first choice will be discussed first, followed by the country of second choice. Country-by-country analysis shows that more than half (51%) of the interviewees feel some attachment to a country other than the country where they reside14. The highest proportions of those feeling affinity with another country are found in Luxembourg (84%), Sweden (82%), the Netherlands (79%), Malta (77%), Cyprus (77%), Belgium, Denmark (both 69%), the Czech Republic (66%), Slovakia and Germany (both 62%). These countries, accordingly, have the fewest respondents reporting that they have no attachment to any other country. Countries where respondents feel the least attachment to other countries are Italy (31%), Latvia (32%), Poland (35%), Portugal (38%), Slovenia (39%), Greece (40%), Bulgaria and Romania (both 42%). Accordingly, these countries have the highest percentages of respondents reporting no attachments. Respondents in Latvia, who are most likely to emigrate (see part 2 of this report), have a low attachment to other countries. Their desire to move seems to be due to other factors, for example the employment situation: other surveys conducted these last months show that Latvia is one of the EU Member States with the highest proportion of respondents saying the employment situation in their country is bad15. The countries people feel affinity with (other than their own country) and which they mentioned most often are France, Italy and Spain (each 5%), Germany (4%) and Austria, the UK, and the USA (each 3%).

14 15

QB10a Which country other than (OUR COUNTRY) do you feel the most attached to? Firstly? Special Eurobarometer n°315 Social Climate: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_315_en.pdf; Standard Eurobarometer Autumn 2009 (EB72): http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb72/eb72_anx_vol1.pdf

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Interviewees were also asked to mention a second country they feel attached to 16 . Analysis of the first and second country together 17 did not change the ranking of the most popular countries. On the contrary, it confirms the popularity of France, Italy and Spain (all 8%), Germany (6%), the UK and the USA (both 5%), and Austria (4%). Greece joins the list when second favorite countries are included (3%).

16 17

QB10b And secondly? QB10T Firstly? And secondly?

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QB10T Countries other than (OUR COUNTRY) which you feel the most attached to

France

Italy Spain Germany

United United Austria Greece Kingdom States



Other (SPECIFY)

8%

8%

8%

6%

5%

5%

4%

3%

12%

BE

38%

13%

14%

7%

5%

4%

3%

2%

11%

BG

3%

6%

6%

7%

6%

4%

1%

6%

6%

CZ

6%

5%

3%

10%

7%

3%

7%

5%

5%

DK

5%

7%

8%

15%

14%

7%

3%

6%

22%

DE

9%

11%

8%

-

4%

4%

16%

4%

11%

EE

1%

1%

2%

6%

5%

2%

1%

1%

9%

IE

8%

3%

9%

4%

26%

17%

1%

1%

9%

EL

6%

8%

4%

11%

5%

3%

1%

0%

6%

ES

13%

9%

-

4%

6%

4%

0%

0%

12%

FR

-

12%

17%

6%

5%

4%

1%

1%

17%

IT

9%

-

9%

3%

6%

7%

1%

2%

5%

CY

2%

2%

1%

2%

22%

4%

0%

59%

10%

LV

1%

1%

1%

5%

7%

2%

1%

0%

7%

EU27

LT

2%

2%

3%

7%

12%

3%

0%

0%

8%

LU

40%

14%

8%

21%

4%

3%

4%

1%

10%

HU

7%

12%

7%

18%

7%

5%

15%

8%

6%

MT

3%

36%

2%

2%

47%

6%

2%

0%

18%

NL

19%

10%

9%

19%

11%

6%

6%

3%

20%

AT

5%

17%

5%

18%

3%

5%

-

6%

8%

PL

4%

6%

4%

9%

7%

3%

2%

2%

5%

PT

13%

2%

10%

3%

6%

2%

0%

0%

11%

RO

8%

13%

7%

8%

5%

4%

2%

2%

2%

SI

1%

6%

1%

6%

1%

1%

10%

1%

21%

SK

1%

3%

2%

6%

3%

3%

5%

2%

4%

FI

2%

2%

5%

6%

6%

5%

1%

2%

15%

SE

8%

12%

12%

8%

16%

12%

3%

9%

38%

UK

9%

5%

11%

4%

-

10%

1%

3%

20%

The highest results per value

The highest results per country

* Respondents mentioned the following countries in 2% of the cases: Belgium, Ireland, Portugal, The Netherlands and Sweden ** “Other” answers included a wide range of countries, none of which was mentioned by more than 1% of respondents. Canada, Norway, Switzerland and Australia were all mentioned by slightly less than 1% of respondents.

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The general pattern of attachment seems to follow historical-cultural principles (language) or simply geographical proximity. More than half of the Cypriots surveyed (59%) mention Greece; a considerable number of respondents in Malta (47%) and a lesser but still considerable proportion of interviewees in Ireland (26%) feel attached to the UK. A significant number of Maltese respondents (36%) also cite Italy as a country they feel attached to. A sizeable minority of respondents in Slovakia (44%) mentioned the Czech Republic and, similarly, respondents in the Czech Republic are most likely to mention affinity with Slovakia (40%). Over a quarter of the respondents in Luxembourg (40%) and in Belgium (38%) feel attached to France. One fifth of respondents in Finland (23%) feel attached to Sweden. Interviewees in Sweden rarely mention their neighbor Finland (6%), instead displaying more interest than any other respondents in a variety of “other” countries (38%). Socio-demographic analysis reveals that gender, age, education and occupation are of influence regarding respondents mentioning at least one other country they feel attached to. Gender carries limited influence as men (53%) are slightly more likely to cite another country than women (48%). The younger the respondents are, more likely they are to mention another country they feel attached to: 58% of the youngest aged 15-24 compared to 43% of the oldest respondents 55+. An analysis by education shows that the longer they have been in education, the more likely respondents are to cite another country: 65% of those who studied till the age of 20 or beyond compared to 36% of those who had finished education at the age of 15 or earlier. A similar pattern is found for occupation. Managers (68%), students (61%) and white collar workers (57%) more often mention other countries than retired people (41%) and house persons (42%). Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 64% of 'New Europeans by ancestry' cite another country, and this proportion goes up to 73% amongst 'New Europeans by openness'. In comparison, this figure drops to 42% for 'Old Europeans'.

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QB10 Which country other than (OUR COUNTRY) do you feel the most attached to?

EU27

At least one country

None

DK

51%

44%

5%

41% 47%

6% 5%

36% 40% 42% 52%

6% 5% 5% 5%

60% 45% 30% 34%

4% 5% 5% 5%

43% 27% 38% 43% 53% 44% 54% 34%

5% 5% 5% 6% 5% 6% 5% 5%

22% 48%

4% 5%

20% 50%

3% 5%

53% 32% 24%

6% 4% 3%

Sex Male 53% Female 48% Age 15-24 58% 25-39 55% 40-54 53% 55 + 43% Education (End of) 1536% 16-19 50% 20+ 65% Still studying 61% Respondent occupation scale Self- employed 52% Managers 68% Other white collars 57% Manual w orkers 51% House persons 42% Unemployed 50% Retired 41% Students 61% Ancestry/ Roots abroad Yes 74% No, none 47% Openness to other countries Yes 77% No, none 45% Links with other countries None 41% Ancestry only 64% Openness only 73%

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3.2. Reasons for attachment to other countries Feelings of attachment to a country other than one’s country of residence can have various reasons. We have seen that considerable numbers of respondents feel attached to one or even two countries other than their country of residence. We next asked these respondents about their reasons for attachment to their first preference.18

18

QB11 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10a)?

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The top three reasons for attachment to the country of first preference are spending holidays or weekends in that country (25%) and having personal relationships there, that is close friends (23%) and/or close relatives (21%). These reasons correspond to the personal links that constitute an important factor for connection to other countries as discussed in part 1 of this report. These are followed by socio-cultural interests, such as keeping up with news, cultural life or sports of that country (16%) or regularly eating typical foreign foods at home (11%). Reasons mentioned less often, but still significantly, include having close friends who moved from that other country (8%), being born there (8%) and having had work experience there (7%). The reasons mentioned least often are having studied (4%) or having a partner from that country (4%) and owning property there (2%). Last but not least, more than one in ten respondents (11%) cannot come up with any particular reason why they feel attached to that other country, which might exactly be an indication of subjective, emotional attachment.

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Reasons for attachment to the countries of first and second preference: The analysis of the first and second countries together generally reveals the same pattern as for the attachment to the first country mentioned. In the remainder of this section, the analyses of the two preferred countries will therefore be aggregated. The country-by-country analysis will be done on these aggregated results.

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Holidays and weekends Spending weekends or holidays in another country is the most common reason for attachment to that country (30% at EU level). However, a closer look at the respondents’ main reasons by country reveals some differences. More than half of the respondents mention this reason in the Netherlands (65%), Denmark (59%), Belgium and Luxembourg (each 52%). Almost half of the respondents mention this reason in Germany (49%), Austria (48%), the UK (42%) and Sweden (40%). All these countries have been EU Member States since 15 years or more and share a relatively high standard of living; spending holidays abroad may be part of respondents’ life style. Holidays are seldom mentioned as a reason for attachment to another country in Bulgaria (1%), Lithuania and Greece (each 3%).

Basis: those who feel attached to a first or second other country (51% of the sample)

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Close friends The second most common reason for attachment (28% at EU level) to another country is having close friends living there. Approaching half of the respondents in Slovakia (48%), Lithuania, Ireland (each 47%), Finland (45%), Estonia (42%), Luxembourg, Cyprus (each 41%) and Bulgaria (40%) mention this reason. Respondents cite this much less often in Hungary (17%), Italy (21%), Spain (23%) and France (24%).

Basis: those who feel attached to a first or second other country (51% of the sample)

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Close relatives The third most common reason for attachment to another country (across all respondents) is, as we have seen, having close relatives who live there (34%). This reason is mentioned most often in Ireland and Lithuania (52% each), Luxembourg (50%), Cyprus (45%), Romania (42%), Portugal and Estonia (39%), Malta and Latvia (37% each). It is mentioned least often in Italy (10%), Hungary (12%) and the Czech Republic (14%).

Basis: those who feel attached to a first or second other country (51% of the sample)

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Other reasons for attachment to another country One in five Europeans follow news, cultural life or sports in their preferred other countries. In Malta, half of the interviewees (49%) have this interest, followed by Denmark (38%), Slovakia (36%), Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg (all 32%), Cyprus (31%) and Latvia (30%). One in seven European respondents regularly eat typical food from another country of preference at home (14%), particularly in Austria (27%), Germany (23%), Denmark (22%), Sweden (21%) and Slovakia (20%). Austria also has the highest proportion of interviewees who feel attached to another country because they have friends who came from this other country (22%, compared to 12% at EU level), followed by the Czech Republic and Latvia (both 17%). Attachment to another country because of past work experience there is stronger in the Nordic countries - Sweden (17%), Finland and Denmark (both 16%) - compared to 9% at EU level. Luxembourg has the highest percentages of interviewees (24%) who were born in other countries they feel attached to, followed by Spain (18%). These proportions are much higher than the score observed at EU level (8%). The highest percentages of respondents who say spontaneously that they have no particular reason for their feelings of attachment to their preferred ‘other’ country are found in Italy (43%), Hungary (41%), Poland (37%), Bulgaria (33%), the Czech Republic (27%) and Greece (22%). However, bear in mind the small number of respondents who actually feel such affinities in these countries (except Hungary and the Czech Republic); this refusal to identify a reason might reflect the reluctance of minority groups to reveal their cultural or ethnic background.

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Socio-demographic analysis reveals some interesting differences regarding the reasons

underlying

attachment

to

other

countries:

age,

education,

subjective

urbanisation and financial situation are of importance, and to a lesser extent gender and occupation. Gender has almost no influence on the reasons for attachment to other countries measured in this survey. However, it can be noted that more men than women say that they follow news, cultural life and sports in the other country (23% compared to 17%). Age is clearly an important determinant of reasons for attachment to another country. Older respondents aged 40-54 and 55+ are the most likely to mention holidays as a reason for attachment (34% and 33% respectively), more often than younger respondents aged 15-24 and 25-39 (26% and 27%). Interviewees aged 25-34 are the age group the most likely to mention close friends (31%) or close relatives (27%) who live in their preferred other country. The youngest age group (15-24) are the most likely to give following news, cultural life and sports in their preferred country as a reason for attachment (23%). Education is even more important than age in this context. Here the results are more straightforward: those educated until age 20 or beyond record higher percentages for all reasons for attachment than those with lower levels of education, as can be seen in the table below. Occupational situation is of limited relevance. More managers mention holidays in their preferred other country (42%) as a reason for attachment to that country, followed by having close friends living there (33%) and eating food typical of that country (21%). House persons, on the other hand, most often mention having close relatives living in their preferred other country (29%) as a reason for attachment. Financial situation influences the reasons for attachment, for instance the ability to take holidays. Those who 'almost never' have difficulties with paying their bills, more often mention holidays (36%) than those who have financial problems 'most of the time' (15%).

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QB11_QB12 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10a + QB10b) Basis: those who feel attached to a first or second other country (51% of the sample) Y ou regularly spend your holidays/ weekends in this country EU27 Sex Male Female Age 15-24 25-39 40-54 55 + Education (End of) 1516-19 20+ Still studying Respondent occupation scale Self-employed Managers Other w hite collars Manual w orkers House persons Unemployed Retired Students Difficulties paying bills Most of the time From time to time Almost never Links with other countries None Ancestry only Openness only

Y ou have close Y ou have close relatives (brothers, sisters, children, friends who live in this country parents) who live in this country

Y ou regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from this country

Y ou regularly eat food at home that is typical of this country



Other (SPONTANEOUS)

No particular reason (SPONTANEOUS)

30%

28%

24%

20%

14%

22%

15%

31% 29%

28% 29%

23% 25%

23% 17%

14% 14%

21% 22%

14% 16%

26% 27% 34% 33%

28% 31% 29% 25%

25% 27% 22% 23%

23% 20% 18% 19%

14% 14% 16% 12%

23% 18% 22% 24%

16% 15% 14% 16%

24% 30% 35% 26%

20% 26% 35% 30%

24% 22% 27% 25%

13% 18% 23% 26%

10% 13% 17% 15%

22% 21% 21% 26%

17% 18% 11% 15%

28% 42% 35% 28% 27% 15% 31% 26%

35% 33% 27% 27% 25% 28% 25% 30%

23% 24% 22% 25% 29% 26% 22% 25%

19% 23% 20% 19% 13% 17% 19% 26%

13% 21% 15% 14% 14% 9% 11% 15%

20% 19% 20% 20% 20% 21% 25% 26%

18% 9% 17% 14% 19% 17% 16% 15%

15% 21% 36%

30% 27% 28%

26% 26% 24%

18% 17% 21%

11% 12% 15%

27% 21% 21%

14% 21% 13%

31% 34% 31%

22% 30% 37%

15% 39% 21%

20% 18% 20%

13% 18% 15%

25% 25% 16%

20% 9% 9%

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Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that the reasons for attachment the most often mentioned by 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' are, obviously, having relatives who live there (39%), spending holidays there (34%), and, to a lesser extent, eating food typical of that country (18%). For 'New Europeans by openness alone' the corresponding figures are 21%, 31% and 15% respectively; for 'Old Europeans' they are 15%, 31% and 13% respectively. 'New Europeans by openness alone' are more likely to mention close friends who live there (37%) than are 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (30%) or 'Old Europeans' (22%). 'Old Europeans' resemble 'New Europeans by openness alone' in recording comparable proportions of respondents who mention spending holidays (both 31%), following news, cultural life or sports (both 20%) and eating typical national food as reasons for attachment (13% and 15%). In conclusion, personal relationships (friends, relatives) and socio-cultural interests (holiday, news, sports, culture, food) are the most common reasons for feelings of attachment to another specific country, while personal experiences (work, study) in that country are mentioned less often. This corroborates the picture regarding connectedness to other countries in general (part 1 of this report).

3.3. Different levels of attachment: city, region, country and EU People can experience attachment to different geographical levels: to the municipality they inhabit (their city, town or village), to the region where they live, to their country, or to the European Union. This distinction was made to investigate if and how attachment is influenced by geographical proximity. We asked the respondents to what extent they feel attached to different geographical levels19.

19

QB13 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city, to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to QB13.1 Your city/ town/ village (SPLIT A) or The city/ town/ village where you live (SPLIT B) QB13.3 Your region (SPLIT A) or The region where you live (SPLIT B) QB13.5 (OUR COUNTRY) QB13.8 The European Union

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An experiment was conducted during the survey in order to explore the influence of changes in the exact wording of the items on the results. Half of the sample (split A) was asked about 'your city/town/village' and 'your region' while the other half (split B) was asked about 'the city/ town/ village where you live' and 'the region where you live' (split B). The reason for this nuance is that it was unclear in advance whether respondents would think of their city, town, village or region of origin. The results, nevertheless, demonstrate that the changes in wording had almost no influence on the measured attachment to city/ town/ village (87% and 86% for split A and split B) and to region (88% for both split A and B). Therefore it was decided that treating the two split samples together in further analyses is justified. For the Europeans interviewed, feelings of attachment reported are mostly to a nation (93%), followed by a region (88%), and a city, town or village (87%). Feelings of attachment to the European Union are reported much less often (53%). In other words, national attachment is clearly the strongest, followed at some distance by local attachments, whether regional or even more local.

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QB13 People may feel different levels of attachment to … - Total 'Attached' Your city/town/village - The city/town/village where you live EB73.3 Mar. 2010

Y our region - The region where you live

(OUR COUNTRY )

The European Union

Evo. EB73.3 Mar. 2010 EB68.1 Aut. 2007

EB73.3 Mar. 2010

Evo. EB73.3 Mar. 2010 EB67.1 Feb.-Mar. 2007

EB73.3 Mar. 2010

Evo. EB73.3 Mar. 2010 EB68.1 Aut. 2007

EB73.3 Mar. 2010

Evo. EB73.3 Mar. 2010 EB68.1 Aut. 2007

EU27

87%

0

88%

+3

93%

+2

53%

+4

BE

76%

-7

80%

-4

82%

-2

50%

-15

BG

93%

-2

94%

+3

95%

+1

54%

+14

CZ

83%

+2

86%

+3

92%

+4

40%

+1

DK

86%

-1

75%

-6

98%

0

38%

-5

DE

86%

-1

88%

+5

91%

+1

55%

+3

EE

85%

+5

83%

0

97%

+4

35%

+1

IE

92%

+1

92%

+3

98%

+5

52%

+4

EL

96%

-1

95%

-1

99%

+2

45%

+8

ES

93%

-2

90%

+2

90%

-2

61%

+8

FR

73%

-5

81%

+1

95%

+3

55%

-2

IT

94%

+5

95%

+8

97%

+6

73%

+16

CY

92%

+6

89%

+3

98%

+2

29%

+4

LV

89%

+2

87%

+2

91%

+3

49%

+4

LT

89%

+3

87%

+4

94%

+2

37%

+1

LU

78%

-3

87%

+3

92%

+1

69%

+11

HU

91%

+3

89%

+1

97%

+4

58%

+8

MT

73%

0

72%

-4

94%

+2

50%

+1

NL

64%

-8

67%

0

82%

-3

33%

+1

AT

94%

+3

93%

+2

95%

+2

54%

+13

PL

94%

+2

94%

+2

99%

+2

64%

+1

PT

95%

+2

96%

+5

98%

+4

54%

+2

RO

95%

+5

94%

+2

92%

+2

46%

-10

SI

92%

+2

91%

0

95%

0

43%

-5

SK

90%

+2

92%

+3

96%

+6

62%

+20 +6

FI

83%

0

87%

-2

97%

-1

33%

SE

82%

-6

78%

-5

94%

-2

37%

-6

UK

83%

+1

85%

+3

91%

+7

29%

+2

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NEW EUROPEANS

Attachment to city, town or village A large majority of Europeans (87%) feel attached to their city, town or village, which is exactly the same percentage as in autumn 2007 (standard Eurobarometer 68). More specifically, they felt ‘very attached’ (49%), ‘fairly attached’ (38%), ‘not very attached’ (10%), or ‘not at all attached’ (3%): these percentages are found both in 2010 and 2007. Country-by-country analysis shows that respondents’ attachment to their city, town or village is the strongest in Greece (96%), Portugal and Romania (95% each), Italy, Austria and Poland (94% each). In contrast, this local attachment is reported the least in the Netherlands (64%). In terms of evolutions, the largest decline in the feeling of belonging to the city, town or village of residence occurs in Belgium, down from 83% to 76% (-7% points) and in the Netherlands, where it fall from 72% to 64% (-8% points). Socio-demographic analysis reveals that the attachment to the city, town or village is stronger among older respondents (91% of those aged 55+) than among younger respondents (83% of those aged 15-24). This attachment to the city, town or village is also more important among those who left school at or before age 15 (92%) than among those who studied until 20 or later (83%). There are only few differences according to subjective urbanisation. It can be noted, however, that inhabitants of large towns (89%) are slightly more likely to be attached to their city than those living in small or mid-sized towns (85%) or rural dwellers (87%). Attachment to region A vast majority of European respondents (88%) feel attached to their region, up three points since March 2007 (EB67.1). More specifically, there was an increase in the number of respondents who feel attached to their region: 'very attached' rose from 45% to 47% (+2 points) and ‘fairly attached’ from 40% to 41% (+1 point). Accordingly, there was a decrease in the number of respondents who do not feel attached to their region: ‘not very attached’ decreased from 12% to 10% (-2 points) and ‘not at all attached’ from 3% to 2% (-1 point).

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Country-by-country analysis shows that highest proportions of respondents who feel attached to their region are found in Portugal (96%), Greece, Italy (both 95%), and Bulgaria, Poland and Romania (all 94%). Respondents in the Netherlands once again feel the least attachment (67%). They are followed by respondents in Malta (72%), Denmark (75%) and Sweden (78%). The strongest increase in feelings of attachment to the region occurred in Italy, from 87% to 95% (+8 points). Socio-demographic analysis reveals that respondents’ age also influences the extent of attachment to the region: 93% of those aged 55+ are attached to their region compared to 82% of those aged 15-24. Education also plays a role: 94% of those who left school by the age of 15 feel regional attachments, compared to 84% of those whose education ended at or after the age of 20. Attachment to respondents’ own country The vast majority of European respondents (93%) feel attached to their country, up two points since autumn 2007 (91%). More specifically, the number of respondents who feel 'very attached' to their own country increased from 52% to 56% (+4 points), whereas there was a decrease in the number of respondents who feel ‘fairly attached’ from 39% to 37%, ‘not very attached’ from 7% to 6% (-1 points) and ‘not at all attached’ from 2% to 1% (-1 point). The strongest increases in national attachment are in the UK, from 84% to 91% (+7 points), Slovakia, from 90% to 96% (+6 points), Italy, from 91% to 97% (+6 points), and Ireland, from 93% to 98% (+5 points). Countries with the highest proportions of respondents with a sense of national attachment are Greece, Poland (both 99%), Denmark, Ireland, Cyprus and Portugal (all 98%). The lowest proportions are found in Belgium and the Netherlands (both 82%). Socio-demographic variables have no significant influence on respondents’ attachment to their country, except that it is slightly stronger in the older respondents group (96% for those aged 55+) than in younger respondents group (90% for those aged 15-24).

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Attachment to the EU More than half (53%) of the respondents feel attached to the European Union, which represents an increase of four points since autumn 2007 (49%). Nevertheless, national attachment is far stronger than attachment to the EU. There was an increase in the number of respondents who feel attached to the EU: 'very attached' rose from 11% to 12% (+1 point) and ‘fairly attached’ from 38% to 41% (+3 points). This coincides with a decrease in the number of respondents who do not feel attached to the EU: ‘not very attached’ fell from 33% to 32% (-1 point) and ‘not at all attached’ from 15% to 13% (-2 points). At national level, significant increases and decreases are found. The greatest increases were found in Slovakia, from 42% to 62% (+20 points), Italy, from 57% to 73% (+16 points), Bulgaria, from 40% to 54% (+14 points) and Austria, from 41% to 54% (+13 points). The greatest declines in attachment to the EU are recorded in Belgium, from 65% to 50% (-15 points) and Romania, from 56% to 46% (-10 points). Countries with the largest proportions of respondents feeling attachment to the EU are Italy (73%), Luxembourg (69%) and Poland (64%). The lowest proportions are found in the UK, Cyprus (both 29%), Finland, the Netherlands (both 33%), Estonia (35%), Sweden, Lithuania (37% each) and Denmark (38%). Some differences can be found in accordance with the socio-demographic profile of the respondents. Attachment to the EU is stronger in younger respondents (57%) than in older respondents (50% for those aged 55+). Education and self-positioning on the social scale are also relevant as those with higher education or higher self-positioning (both 58%) are more likely to feel attached to the EU than those with the least education or who position themselves at the bottom of the social ladder (46% and 45%). Analysis of 'New Europeans' demonstrates that 'New Europeans by openness alone' feel somewhat more attachment to the EU (55%) than 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (50%) and 'Old Europeans' (51%).

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3.4

Comparison

NEW EUROPEANS

of

attachment:

own

country

versus

other

countries To compare the feelings of attachment respondents have for their own country with those they have for the other two countries for which they feel an affinity, they were also asked about the extent of their feelings towards these other countries20. The interviewees mainly report feelings of attachment to their own country (93%), followed by the first other country mentioned (66%) and then by the second (55%).

Basis: item 6 asked to those who cited a first country they feel attached to (51%); Item 7 asked to those who cited a second country they feel attached to (30%).

When comparing the strength of attachment Europeans feel to their own country as compared to their other two favoured countries, it appears that for respondents in all countries, without exception, their attachment to their own country is the strongest, followed by the first and second other countries of preference.

Some interesting differences between countries emerge. The three Baltic countries, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia, record considerable differences (of +56, +52 and +41 points respectively) between the degree of attachment respondents feel towards their own country and their first other country of preference. Hungary (+55 points), Poland 20

QB13 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city, to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to… QB13.5 (OUR COUNTRY) QB13.6 (COUNTRY QB10a) (first country cited) QB13.7 (COUNTRY QB10b) (second country cited)

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(+51 points), Finland (+45 points) and the Czech Republic (+41 points) also show differences. Conversely, respondents in Luxembourg, the country with most New Europeans, demonstrate the least difference between the strength of their attachment to their country of residence and to their first other country of preference (+7 points).

QB13.5-7 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city, to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to… % Total 'Attached' Item

(OUR COUNTRY )

Country mentioned in QB10a

Basis

All respondents

Respondents who feel attached to another country, codes 1-29 in QB10a

EU27

93%

66%

+27

55%

+11

BE

82%

66%

+16

56%

+10

BG

95%

59%

+36

53%

+6

CZ

92%

51%

+41

42%

+9

DK

98%

67%

+31

55%

+12

DE

91%

75%

+16

63%

+12

EE

97%

41%

+56

33%

+8

IE

98%

72%

+26

63%

+9

EL

99%

64%

+35

47%

+17

ES

90%

57%

+33

39%

+18

FR

95%

75%

+20

69%

+6

IT

97%

66%

+31

56%

+10

CY

98%

75%

+23

51%

+24

LV

91%

50%

+41

42%

+8

LT

94%

42%

+52

31%

+11

LU

92%

85%

+7

72%

+13

HU

97%

42%

+55

34%

+8

MT

94%

60%

+34

49%

+11

NL

82%

53%

+29

40%

+13

AT

95%

80%

+15

77%

+3

PL

99%

48%

+51

36%

+12

PT

98%

61%

+37

49%

+12

RO

92%

63%

+29

55%

+8

SI

95%

55%

+40

45%

+10

SK

96%

75%

+21

60%

+15

FI

97%

52%

+45

40%

+12

SE

94%

76%

+18

66%

+10

UK

91%

67%

+24

56%

+11

The highest results per value

The low est results per value

Diff. (OUR COUNTRY Country QB10a)

Country mentioned in QB10b

Diff. (Country QB10b Country QB10a)

Respondents who feel attached to a second other country, codes 129 in QB10b

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NEW EUROPEANS

Analysis of the answers of 'Old Europeans' and 'New Europeans' reveals that 'New Europeans by openness alone' (71%) and those 'by ancestry alone' (73%) both have much stronger attachments to another country than 'Old Europeans' (58%). Nevertheless, attachment to their country of residence is stronger in all three groups (89%, 93%, 94% respectively). Far more respondents say they are “very” attached to their country of residence (51%, 52%, 58%) than to their first other country of preference (16%, 20%, 9%). 'New Europeans' show more interest in and attachment to other countries than do 'Old Europeans', but these feelings are far weaker than their feelings for their own country.

75

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3.5

NEW EUROPEANS

Belonging to a group

The feeling of belonging to a group is an important aspect of the quality of life and it may influence the extent to which respondents feel attached to a place. A distinction can be made between majority and minority groups. We asked respondents whether they feel they belong to one of the majority groups in their country or to a minority group in terms of religion, culture or ethnic origin. Furthermore, the feeling of belonging to a group may be determined both by self-identification and by our impression of how others perceive us. Therefore we asked the respondents both questions21. Nevertheless, there appears to be no significant differences between the two: a majority of respondents feel that they belong to a majority group (70%) and/or feel that other people in their country generally perceive them as belonging to a majority group (70%). Nearly one in ten respondents feel that they belong to a minority group (9%) and/or feel that others have that perception (8%). Remarkably, a sizeable relative minority (16%) spontaneously answer “neither group”, as opposed to the 5% who either say that they did not know or refused to answer. The members of this sizeable minority might feel they do not belong to any group. The second group may not answer because they feel that they belong at once to a majority and a minority group and do not (wish to) make a choice between them. There is also a small but significant minority of 14% that spontaneously answered “neither group” when asked how they feel that other people perceive them – as opposed to the 8% who said that they did not know or refused to answer.

21

QB14 For each of the following statements, please tell me which situation applies to you. QB14.1 You have the feeling that you belong to … QB14.2 You have the feeling that people in (OUR COUNTRY) generally perceive you as belonging to …

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This absence of difference between the two dimensions (self perception and feeling of being perceived by the others) can be interpreted in several ways. It is possible that an individual’s feeling of belonging to a group corresponds objectively to the perception of others. However, it could be that the two variables are interrelated: the feeling of belonging to a group is influenced by how respondents think others perceive them. In other words, someone may see himself as belonging to a minority group because that is how he thinks he is perceived by others.

Feelings of belonging to a group Country-by-country analysis shows that the highest proportions of respondents who feel they belong to a majority group are found in Denmark (91%), Finland (90%), Cyprus (88%), the Netherlands (87%), Sweden (87%), the Czech Republic (85%) and Bulgaria (82%). In contrast, the highest proportions of respondents who feel they belong to a minority group are found in Luxembourg (18%), the UK (14%) and Spain (13%). Once again, Luxembourg stands out: this confirms the special situation of Luxembourg previously highlighted when it comes to connection with other countries. Furthermore, respondents in Portugal (46%), Greece (29%), France (28%) and Italy (26%) are most likely to report that they feel they do not belong to either group.

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Socio-demographic analysis reveals some differences regarding education, occupation and standard of living. The longer they have remained in education, the more likely it is that respondents feel that they belong to a majority group (74% of those educated to age 20 or beyond, compared to 68% of those who left school at 15 or earlier). Managers are thus most likely to feel they belong to a majority group (78%) and the unemployed least likely (65%). Respondents without employment are most likely to feel that they belong to a minority group (13%). Last but not least, those who have difficulties with paying their bills are more likely to feel they belong to a minority group: 14 % of respondents who have such difficulties, as compared to 7% of those who almost never have these problems.

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Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that those 'by ancestry alone' significantly more often (14%) feel they belong to a minority group than those 'by openness alone' (8%) and 'Old Europeans' (6%). In short, 'New Europeans by ancestry' are more likely to feel that they do not belong to the majority group, which is not the case for 'New Europeans by openness'. QB14.1 For each of the following statements, please tell me which situation applies to you. You have the feeling that you belong to…

EU27

One of the majority groups in (OUR COUNTRY)

One of the minority groups in (OUR COUNTRY) in terms of religion, culture or ethnic origin

Neither one nor the other – No specific group (SPONTANEOUS)

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

70%

9%

16%

1%

4%

9% 8% 9% 9%

16% 17% 13% 14%

2% 1% 1% 1%

5% 4% 3% 4%

8% 8% 8% 11% 8% 13% 7% 9%

17% 10% 17% 16% 18% 16% 16% 14%

1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1%

4% 3% 3% 4% 7% 4% 5% 4%

14% 10% 7%

17% 19% 13%

1% 2% 1%

7% 5% 4%

21% 6%

16% 16%

1% 1%

3% 4%

17% 6%

15% 16%

1% 1%

3% 5%

6% 14% 8%

16% 15% 14%

1% 1% 1%

5% 4% 2%

Education (End of) 1568% 16-19 70% 20+ 74% 72% Still studying Respondent occupation scale 70% Self- employed 78% Managers Other white collars 71% Manual workers 68% 66% House persons 65% Unemployed Retired 71% Students 72% Difficulties paying bills Most of the time 61% From time to time 64% Almost never 75% Ancestry/ Roots abroad Yes 59% 73% No, none Openness to other countries Yes 64% 72% No, none Links with other countries None 72% 66% Ancestry only 75% Openness only

79

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

3.6

NEW EUROPEANS

Reasons for belonging to a group

People’s own perceptions or the feeling of being perceived by others as belonging to a majority or minority group, can have various reasons. Respondents were therefore asked why they think other people in their country perceive them as belonging to a specific group22.

22

QB15 Regardless of whether you or others think that you belong to the majority or to a minority group, for which of the following reasons, if any, could people in (OUR COUNTRY) perceive you as belonging to a specific group? If you have no opinion or prefer not to answer, please say so.

80

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

Firstly, about one in three Europeans think it is because of their language or accent (34%) and/or their culture, values or lifestyle (30%) that people in their country perceive as belonging to a specific group. Secondly, interviewees often mention ethnic or origin characteristics: skin colour and/or ethnic origin (22%), the area where they live (19%), their religion (17%) and their name (15%). Thirdly, they quote their physical condition or appearance (14%) and to a lesser extent the way they dress (9%), their age (7%) and their occupation (7%). Country-by-country analysis reveals a general pattern. The great majority of countries record the same two chief reasons for being seen as belonging to a group, but there are differences with respect to the third most prevalent reason. Socio-demographic analysis shows a general pattern in which young respondents are the most likely to cite almost all the reasons for being seen as belonging to a group. This also goes for those who are more highly educated and those who place themselves higher on the social ladder, perhaps because of greater awareness of discrimination. 'New Europeans' are not very different from 'Old Europeans' in this respect, with the exception of skin colour and name as reasons for being perceived as belonging to a group. A more detailed analysis of country-by-country and socio-demographic results will be conducted in the next section.

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QB15 Regardless of whether you or others think that you belong to the majority or to a minority group, for which of the following reasons, if any, could people in (OUR COUNTRY) perceive you as belonging to a specific group? If you have no opinion or prefer not to answer, please say so. (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

EU27

Your language or accent

Your culture, values, lifestyle

Your skin colour or ethnic origin

The area where you live

Your religion

34%

30%

22%

19%

17%

29% 30% 32% 28%

28% 23% 23% 17%

19% 18% 19% 20%

19% 16% 17% 17%

25% 29% 34% 34%

18% 22% 24% 29%

19% 20% 17% 19%

19% 16% 17% 19%

30% 35% 36% 28% 28% 25% 27% 34%

22% 30% 23% 22% 20% 19% 17% 29%

18% 18% 20% 18% 19% 17% 20% 19%

18% 17% 17% 15% 18% 14% 18% 19%

25% 29% 31%

19% 21% 23%

18% 18% 20%

15% 18% 17%

25% 30% 35%

20% 22% 24%

17% 19% 21%

16% 18% 17%

28% 31%

25% 22%

14% 20%

17% 17%

31% 30%

24% 21%

14% 20%

16% 17%

30% 28% 32%

21% 26% 26%

21% 17% 18%

17% 18% 16%

Age 15-24 35% 25-39 35% 40-54 35% 55 + 33% Education (End of) 1533% 16-19 34% 20+ 36% 38% Still studying Respondent occupation scale 35% Self- employed 40% Managers Other white collars 38% Manual workers 33% House persons 34% 27% Unemployed Retired 31% Students 38% Difficulties paying bills Most of the time 28% From time to time 32% Almost never 36% Self-positioning on the social staircase Low (1-4) 29% 34% Medium (5-6) 39% High (7-10) Ancestry/ Roots abroad Yes 37% No, none 34% Openness to other countries Yes 38% No, none 33% Links with other countries None 34% Ancestry only 32% 34% Openness only

* First five items

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Language or accent Slightly more than a third (34%) of the respondents generally think that their language or accent is one of the most obvious reason why other people in their country classify them as belonging to a specific group.

Country-by-country analysis shows that respondents are the most likely to think that language or accent matters in Greece (50%), Ireland (49%), Sweden (48%), Austria (48%), Germany (45%) and the UK (45%). In contrast, at the other end of the scale respondents in Lithuania (14%), France (18%) and Hungary (19%) are the least likely to believe this.

83

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NEW EUROPEANS

Socio-demographic analysis reveals that there are not many differences apart from occupation, financial situation and self positioning on the social scale. Only 27% of the unemployed think that their language or accent is of importance, compared to 40% of managers. Those who almost never have problems paying their bills (36%) are more likely to think that their language or accent is a major reason why other people classify them as belonging to a specific group than those who have such problems most of the time (28%). Accordingly, those who position themselves higher on the social scale (39%) more often think this is the case than those who place themselves towards the bottom (29%). Culture values and lifestyle Just short of a third (30%) of the European respondents think that their culture, values or lifestyle make other people in their country perceive them as belonging to a specific group.

84

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NEW EUROPEANS

Country-by-country analysis shows that Cyprus (56%) leads the ranking in this respect, followed at some distance by Malta (45%), Sweden (42%), Austria (41%), the Netherlands (41%) and Estonia (40%). The fewest respondents with this opinion are found in Lithuania (13%), Poland (18%), France (19%), Romania (21%), Portugal (22%) and Finland (24%). Socio-demographic analysis reveals that education, occupation, financial situation and self positioning on the social ladder are all significant. As the level of education increases, respondents are more likely to believe that their culture, values or lifestyle make others perceive them as belonging to a specific group. One third (34%) of those educated to age 20 or beyond hold this belief, whereas this figure shrinks to one quarter (25%) for those who left school at 15 or earlier. Managers (36%) and white collar workers (36%) are more likely to take this view than the unemployed (25%). Those who 'almost never' have difficulties paying their bills (31%) and respondents who position themselves high on the social scale (35%) are more likely to mention culture, values and lifestyle as a major reason than those who have difficulties paying their bills 'most of the time' and those who place themselves at the bottom of the social ladder (both 25%). Other reasons for being perceived as belonging to a group are mentioned less often, but there are some striking results. The area where one lives is of importance in Estonia (35%) and the Czech Republic (33%), compared to 19% at EU level. Religion is more important in the Mediterranean countries of Cyprus (49%), Greece (43%) and Malta (36%), compared to 17% at EU level, while a person’s name and physical appearance is very influential in Sweden (44% and 36% respectively, compared to 15% and 14% at EU level).

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***** A general pattern emerged regarding respondents’ attachment to specific countries other than their country of residence, reflecting historical-cultural (language) communalities or merely geographical proximity. The analysis of reasons for attachment to other countries reveals that personal relationships (friends, relatives) and socio-cultural interests (holidays) are the most common reasons, while personal experiences (work, study) in the other country are mentioned less often. There are only limited differences between 'New and Old Europeans'. Analysis of attachment at different geographical levels shows that attachment to the country of residence is by far the strongest, followed at some distance by regional or even more local attachments. Attachment to the EU is less strong, though it has increased since 2007. 'New Europeans by openness alone' are slightly more inclined to feel attachment to the EU than 'New Europeans by foreign ancestry' alone and 'Old Europeans', though the difference is small. Europeans’ strength of attachment to their own country is by far stronger than the strength of attachment to their favoured other countries. Both types of 'New Europeans' feel stronger attachment to their favoured other countries than 'Old Europeans' do, but still all three groups are most attached to their own country. A minority - not quite one in ten - feel they belong to a minority group. 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' are more likely to feel that they belong to a minority group than 'New Europeans by openness alone' and 'Old Europeans'.

86

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4.

NEW EUROPEANS

IDENTITY

This last section of the report addresses the multi-dimensional concept of identity. Identity can, for example, be considered a matter of self-expression, citizenship, loyalty or group membership. Identity can also vary from one level to another: one’s regional, national and European identity can indeed be very different. Respondents were asked about the most important characteristics of being a national of their country of residence, and about how European they feel.

4.1. National identity We saw in the previous part of the report that almost all respondents feel most attached to their own country, i.e. not only more than to other countries, but also more than to their region, city, town or village. This is the case in every EU Member State. Respondents were then asked what they think are the most important characteristics of being a national of their country23.

23

QB1 People differ in what they think it means to be (NATIONALITY). In your view, among the following,what do you think are the most important characteristics to be (NATIONALITY)?

87

SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 346

NEW EUROPEANS

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NEW EUROPEANS

Almost half of the respondents think that being born in that country is an important characteristic of national feeling (49%). It is by far the most cited aspect. This is followed by four characteristics, all mentioned by approximately equal proportions of respondents: mastering a country’s national language (34%), feeling of that nationality (34%), sharing cultural traditions (33%) and exercising citizens’ rights, for example by voting (33%). Over a quarter of the interviewees say that to have been brought up in that country (28%) is an important characteristic of being a national of that country. Mentioned less often, but still significant, is having at least one parent of that nationality (18%). The least frequently cited characteristics are being a Christian (9%) and being active in any association or organisation in that country (3%). Comparing these figures with spring 2009 (Standard Eurobarometer EB71), there are some interesting changes. Firstly, the largest difference is that feeling of that nationality has lost quite some significance, having dropped 8 points from 42% to 34%, while at the same time being born in that country has clearly gained importance, up 7 points from 42% to 49%. While these two items were equally ranked in first place in June 2009, there is now a 15 percentage point difference between them. Secondly, characteristics which are mentioned by an increasing number of interviewees are mastering a country’s national language, from 29% to 34% (+5 points), having at least one parent of that nationality, from 13% to 18% (+5 points), exercising citizens’ rights, for example by voting, from 29% to 33% (+4 points), and having been brought up in that country, from 25% to 28% (+3 points). Thirdly,

the

characteristics

mentioned

less

often

than

in

spring

2009

are

– besides feeling of that nationality as noted above – sharing national cultural traditions, down from 37% to 33% (-4 points), being active in any association or organisation, from 5% to 3% (-2 points) and being a Christian (from 10% to 9% (-1 point). To sum up, the determining factors of the national identity seem to have changed since spring 2009 in the sense that the emphasis on the most elusive, subjective concepts (feeling, sharing, believing) is diminishing, while there is a growing emphasis on the most objective, concrete concepts (places of birth of the respondents and their parents, place of upbringing, language skills and civil rights). Country-by-country analysis reveals that being born in that country is indeed the primary characteristic of national identity in 13 Member States: Portugal (69%), Malta (68%), Ireland (65%), Cyprus (64%), Spain (63%), Romania (63%), Bulgaria (58%), the Czech Republic (56%), the United Kingdom (55%), Italy (53%), Greece (51%), Belgium (50%) and Poland (45%). Conversely, it is least important in Sweden (22%) and Denmark (25%).

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In other countries, mastering a national language is of more importance: Estonia (66%), Denmark (65%), Germany (62%), Lithuania (59%), the Netherlands (58%), Austria (53%), Slovakia (53%), Luxembourg (51%) and Slovenia (46%). Across the EU, mastering a national language is least important in Portugal (4%). Feeling of the relevant nationality is the most prominent characteristic in Hungary (63%), Sweden (56%), Finland (52%) and Latvia (46%). It is least important in Germany, Italy and Ireland (all 24%). Exercising the rights of a citizen is the most significant characteristic in France (50%). This characteristic is also quite important in Sweden (54%), almost as important as feeling Swedish (56%). Exercising citizens’ rights is least often mentioned in Spain (20%), Portugal and Lithuania (both 21%). Shared cultural traditions are not the leading characteristic in any of the countries surveyed; at its highest it is in second place. It is mentioned most frequently in Denmark (49%), Belgium (45%) and Luxembourg (42%). Countries where sharing cultural traditions is mentioned least often are Spain (19%), Portugal, Slovakia and Hungary (all 20%). Having been brought up in that country is the most often considered important in Finland (46%) and the Czech Republic (41%), and the least often in Greece (14%) and Luxembourg (16%). Having at least one parent of that nationality is the most frequently considered important in Cyprus (48%) and Greece (44%). It is the least important to those in Sweden, Denmark and Latvia (all 9%). Being a Christian is more cited in Romania (36%), Cyprus (35%), Greece (33%) – countries with a strong religious tradition - and Malta (29%) as compared to Sweden and the Czech Republic (2% each), the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain and Estonia (all 3%). Being active in any association or organisation in that country is mentioned the most often in Denmark (9%) and the Netherlands (8%).

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QB1 People differ in what they think it means to be (NATIONALITY). In your view, among the following, what do you think are the most important characteristics to be (NATIONALITY)? (ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS)

To be born To feel in (OUR (NATIONALITY) COUNTRY)

To master (COUNTRY LANGUAGE)/To master one of the official languages of (OUR COUNTRY)

To exercise To share To have been To have at least citizens' rights, (NATIONALITY) brought up in one for example cultural (OUR (NATIONALITY) voting in (OUR traditions COUNTRY) parents COUNTRY)

To be a Christian

Being active in any association or organization in (OUR COUNTRY)

9%

3% 4%

EU27

49%

34%

34%

33%

33%

28%

18%

BE

50%

41%

29%

34%

36%

29%

15%

3%

BG

58%

48%

15%

45%

27%

20%

24%

26%

1%

CZ

56%

37%

49%

24%

29%

41%

20%

2%

2%

DK

25%

44%

65%

49%

47%

22%

9%

5%

9%

DE

40%

24%

62%

29%

36%

35%

17%

4%

1%

EE

37%

51%

66%

38%

24%

28%

18%

3%

5%

IE

65%

24%

3%

30%

29%

39%

24%

13%

6%

EL

51%

44%

12%

29%

29%

14%

44%

33%

1%

ES

63%

42%

8%

19%

20%

29%

17%

3%

4%

FR

42%

40%

43%

41%

50%

17%

18%

4%

5%

IT

53%

24%

19%

40%

38%

25%

15%

13%

4%

CY

64%

28%

16%

36%

40%

19%

48%

35%

3%

LV

33%

46%

37%

41%

33%

26%

9%

6%

4%

LT

48%

34%

59%

30%

21%

21%

28%

12%

3%

LU

41%

42%

51%

42%

33%

16%

12%

6%

7%

HU

37%

63%

30%

20%

33%

20%

31%

6%

4%

MT

68%

31%

13%

30%

31%

36%

19%

29%

1%

NL

36%

48%

58%

37%

43%

29%

11%

3%

8%

AT

45%

29%

53%

41%

28%

39%

17%

7%

4%

PL

45%

43%

32%

31%

24%

23%

13%

16%

1%

PT

69%

31%

4%

20%

21%

33%

24%

5%

1%

RO

63%

26%

29%

30%

23%

24%

15%

36%

1%

SI

41%

40%

46%

37%

33%

21%

24%

10%

3%

SK

45%

46%

53%

20%

35%

33%

20%

7%

2%

FI

48%

52%

31%

31%

37%

46%

13%

10%

4%

SE

22%

56%

52%

31%

54%

22%

9%

2%

3%

UK

55%

26%

22%

36%

24%

36%

21%

5%

6%

Highest percentage per item

Lowest percentage per item

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Compared to spring 2009 (Standard Eurobarometer EB71), significant changes occurred at a national level which show a general shift from subjective aspects to more objective ones in the make up of national identity. Being born in the country has gained importance considerably at the expense of feeling of being the relevant nationality in several countries. The most striking drops in the latter accompanied by a significant increase in the former are found in Lithuania (-20 points from 54% to 34% and +12 points from 36% to 48%)24 and Luxembourg (-16 points from 58% to 42% and +13 points from 28% to 41%). Impressive changes for both items are also noted in Cyprus (-15 points, from 43% to 28% and +16 points from 48% to 64%), Malta (-15 points, from 46% to 31% and +8 points from 60% to 68%) and Romania (-12 points, from 38% to 26% and +14 points from 49% to 63%).

24

The first percentage is the result of “to be born in (OUR COUNTRY)”; second percentage: “to feel (NATIONALITY)”.

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Socio-demographic

analysis

NEW EUROPEANS

reveals

the

influence

of

education

on

all

nine

characteristics of national identity. Those who left school at 15 or earlier put more emphasis than those who studied till 20 or after on being born in that country (57% versus 39%), being raised in that country (30% versus 25%) and being a Christian (13% versus 6%). The better educated, in turn, put more emphasis on all the remaining characteristics. The following differences are found between those who finished education at 15 or before and those who studied to 20 or beyond:

exercising civil rights, such as voting (25%

versus 41%), feeling as being of that nationality (31% versus 39%), sharing cultural traditions (28% versus 39%) and mastering a national language (28% versus 38%).

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Turning to age, the youngest respondents aged 15-24 attached the least weight (27%) to sharing cultural traditions compared to all older age groups (33% to 34%), while the oldest respondents aged 55+ attach more importance (13%) to being a Christian than all the younger groups (6% to 7%). Analysis of 'New Europeans' shows that 'Old Europeans' tend to attach more importance to being born in their country (54%) compared to either type of 'New Europeans' (42% and 43%); 'Old Europeans' also attach less importance to citizens’ rights (31%) compared to 'New Europeans' (both 37%). 'New Europeans by openness alone' most often mention the sharing of cultural traditions (37%) as an important aspect of national identity, compared to 'Old Europeans' (32%) and 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (31%). 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' in turn, stand out by being the most likely (42%) to mention mastering the national language as an important element of national identity, compared to both 'Old Europeans' (32%) and 'New Europeans by openness alone' (35%).

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4.2

NEW EUROPEANS

European identity

Elements of European identity More than half (53%) of the Europeans surveyed feel attached to the European Union. To gain more insight into this connectedness to Europe, we asked respondents what they think are the most important elements of European identity25.

25

QB2 In your opinion, which of the following are the two most important elements that go to make up a European identity?

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The most important elements, each mentioned by around a third of the respondents, are the euro (36%) and democratic values (32%). The next two most defining elements are geography and common culture (each mentioned by 22%). They are followed by common history (17%), the high level of social protection (13%) and by symbols – flag, hymn and motto ‘unity in diversity’ (11%). Only a small minority mentioned common religious heritage (5%). Finally, only 3% of the Europeans surveyed answered spontaneously that there is no such thing as a European identity. Compared with the last time this question was asked, in Standard Eurobarometer 71 (spring 2009), the question had changed with the introduction of two new elements in 2010, namely the euro and the symbols – flag, hymn and motto. The great importance given to the euro (36%) and to a much lesser extent that of symbols (11%) as primary elements of European identity seems to be at the expense of the other elements; the euro and the symbols have pushed the other elements down from their previous ranks because respondents were allowed to choose only two elements. This means that comparison of the 2009 and 2010 results is unjustified, because the group of elements from which the respondents had to choose in 2010 is not the same as in 2009. The results are nevertheless presented here for information. In spring 2009, democratic values stood out as the leading element in European identity, followed by four elements (geography, high level of social protection, common history and common culture). Now, the introduction of the two new items has led to the emergence of a much clearer hierarchy of elements, with the euro in first place. On this question, interesting differences can be seen between groups of countries: euro zone countries far more often (46%) consider the euro as an important element of European identity than the remaining EU Member States (18%). The single currency is also of more importance to the fifteen old Member States (39%) than to the twelve new Member States26 (25%), as well the democratic values (34% compared to 24%). For the new Member States, in turn, common history and symbols are more important as elements of European identity (22% and 17%) than for the old Member States (16% and 9%).

26

Old Member States are those that joined the EU before 2004. New Member States are those that have acceded to the EU from 2004 onwards.

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QB2 In your opinion, which of the following are the two most important elements that go to make up a European identity? (ROTATE – MAX. 2 ANSWERS)

EU27

The single currency, the Euro

Democratic values

Geography

Common culture

Common history

36%

32%

22%

22%

17%

22% 23%

22% 22%

16% 22%

22% 24%

22% 23%

16% 19%

EU accession date EU15 39% 34% NMS12 25% 24% Using the European single currency Euro zone 46% 34% Non euro zone 18% 28%

Country-by-country analysis shows that the euro is indeed the most important element in 17 Member States: Slovenia (61%), France (59%), Slovakia (57%), Belgium, Finland (55% each), Greece (53%), Ireland (52%), the Netherlands (49%), Luxembourg (48%), Spain (48%), Malta (45%), Italy (39%), Portugal (39%), Germany (38%), Estonia (34%), Latvia (31%) and Romania (29%). Note that the last three countries named are not in the euro zone at present (although Estonia will join on 1 January 2011). The euro is the least important in the United Kingdom (12%), Sweden (17%), Hungary and Denmark (each 18%), all non-euro zone countries. Another important element of European identity is democratic values. It is the most important element in six Member States: Sweden (71%), Denmark (65%), Cyprus (51%), Austria (40%), Lithuania (34%) and the Czech Republic (31%). Two other important elements are geography, the most important element in Bulgaria (35%) and common culture, the most important element in the United Kingdom (26%) and Poland (25%). Finally, common history is the most important in Hungary (33%). Socio-demographic analysis reveals that almost all categories selected the euro as the most important element in a European identity. The longer educated are an exception in this respect, putting democratic values in first position (43%), before the euro (35%). The importance of democratic values as an element of European identity is influenced by education and age. Those who left education at 20 or beyond mention democratic values much more often than those who left school at 15 or earlier (43% versus 23%). Regarding age, those aged 40-54 mentioned democratic values more often (35%) than the youngest respondents (27%).

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The importance of geography as an element of European identity is influenced slightly by gender, education and age. More men (24%) than women (20%) mention geography as an element of European identity, as do more of those who were educated until the age of 20 or beyond (25%) compared with those who left school at the age of 15 or earlier (20%). The older respondents, 55+, mention geography less often (20%) than those in the 15-24 and 25-39 age groups (23% each) and those aged 40-54 (25%). Young interviewees attribute more importance to symbols – the flag, the hymn and the motto 'unity in diversity' – as elements of European identity. Some 17% of those aged 15-24 mention this aspect, as compared to 12% of those aged 25-39, 10% of those aged 40-54 and 8% of the oldest respondents 55+. In terms of 'New Europeans' there appear to be no significant differences regarding important elements of European identity, except that democratic values are mentioned more often by 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' (36%) and 'New Europeans by openness alone' (38%) than by 'Old Europeans' (30%).

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Importance of European identity Respondents were then asked to indicate how important it is for them to be European27. Almost six in ten (58%) of respondents indicate that being European matters to them, whereas four in ten (40%) say it does not matter.

Compared to the last time this question was asked (Standard Eurobarometer 71, spring 2009), the proportion of those to whom it matters ‘a lot’ increased from 15% to 18% (+3 points), at the expense of those to whom it matters ‘somewhat’, which declined from 43% to 40% (-3 points). On the other hand, the proportion of respondents saying that it does not matter to them ‘at all’ increased from 13% to 15% (+2 points). Opinion thus seems slightly more polarised than in June 2009.

27

QB3 Thinking now about the fact that you are European, how important is being European to you personally? Being European…

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At the national level, the highest percentages of respondents to whom ‘being European’ matters personally are found in Italy (82%), Hungary (76%), Luxembourg (74%), the Czech Republic (73%), Slovakia (73%), Austria (72%), and Finland (70%). At the other end of the scale, the lowest percentages are recorded in the United Kingdom (34%) and Latvia (39%). A comparison with the spring 2009 national results shows that the Member States with growing proportions of respondents to whom ‘being European’ matters are Italy, with a great leap from 58% to 82% (+24 points), Austria, up from 64% to 72% (+8 points) and Hungary, up from 71% to 76% (+5 points). Seventeen Member States saw a decline in the perceived importance of being European, with the largest falls in Estonia, down from 73% to 54% (-19 points), Denmark, down from 75% to 56% (-19 points), Cyprus, down from 64% to 48% (-16 points) and Slovenia, down from 74% to 58% (-16 points).

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Socio-demographic analysis reveals that education and occupation are of influence: the more educated, the more it matters to be European. Indeed, 65% of those who studied until the age of 20 or beyond and 63% of the self-employed and white-collar workers indicate that it matters to them personally, as compared to 53% of those who finished school at the age of 15 or earlier, 55% of the manual workers, and 51% of the unemployed. No significant differences were found between 'New Europeans' and 'Old Europeans' in terms of their opinion on the importance of being European.

*****

Generally speaking, attitudes towards identity vary from country to country but also between socio-demographic groups, such as those with different levels of education. However, it seems that being an 'Old European' or a 'New European' has only a limited impact on attitudes and opinions regarding European identity, and this is an important finding of this survey.

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CONCLUSION In the light of a general interest in European connectedness or 'Europeanness', the purpose of this study was to gain insight in the concept of 'New Europeans': people who live in the EU and have connections with more than just the country where they reside. The first challenge was to identify these 'New Europeans' and then to gain insight into the varying degrees of connectedness, which involves diverse and complex connections. This report approached connectedness from four angles: different types of connection, Europeans’ plans to emigrate, feelings of attachment to places and belonging to groups, and identity. Four different types of connectedness were discerned: 

Firstly, varying degrees of connectedness may exist through family descent. One in fourteen Europeans were born in a country other than their country of residence, one in ten have at least one parent born abroad, and one in eight have at least one grandparent born abroad. Symmetrically, around two out of ten Europeans have at least one grandparent who was born with a different citizenship than that of the respondent’s country of residence.



Secondly, personal relationships with people from or in other countries appear to be the most widespread type of connection within Europe among those analysed in this survey. Four in ten Europeans have close friends living in another country, more than a quarter have close friends who came from abroad and/or close relatives – brothers, sisters, children, parents – who live abroad. One out of twelve Europeans live or have lived with a partner of a different citizenship than their own.



Thirdly, personal experiences abroad are less widespread, but significant. Almost one in eight Europeans have worked abroad, one in twelve have studied abroad, and one in ten have lived abroad for other reasons. Finally, one in thirty Europeans own a real property abroad.



Fourthly, socio-cultural links with other countries are widespread. More than one-third of Europeans regularly eat food typical of another country, follow news, cultural life or sports from another country, are fluent in at least one foreign language or regularly spend holidays or weekends abroad.

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NEW EUROPEANS

More than one in ten Europeans plan to move to another country within the next ten years, half of them expecting to move to another EU Member State. On this question, being 'Old European' or 'New European' influences respondents’ attitudes significantly: for 'New Europeans by ancestry alone', moving abroad is more likely (15%), and even more so for 'New Europeans by openness alone' (19%). By contrast, only one in twenty 'Old Europeans' expect to move to another country. Around half of Europeans feel some attachment to a country other than the country in which they live. Around two in three 'New Europeans by ancestry alone', and close to three in four 'New Europeans by openness alone' feel attached to at least one country other than their country of residence, compared to 41% of the 'Old Europeans'. Analysis of attachment at different geographical levels shows that national attachment is by far the strongest. More than nine in ten Europeans feel attachment to their own country (of residence). This is followed at some distance by regional or even more local attachment (city/town/village). Attachment to the EU is mentioned by slightly more than one in two Europeans, thus less frequently than attachment to the lower geographical levels in all EU Member States. Nevertheless, attachment to the EU has increased since 2007, but so did national attachment. 'New Europeans by openness alone' are more likely to feel attachment to the EU than 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' and 'Old Europeans'. Europeans’ strength of attachment to their own country (of residence) is far stronger than that to their other favoured countries: there is no exception to this pattern, which is seen in all Member States and among all socio-demographic categories. Both types of 'New Europeans' feel stronger attachment to their other favoured countries than 'Old Europeans' do, but all three types of Europeans are still most attached to their own country. A general pattern emerged regarding respondents’ attachment to specific countries other than their country of residence, reflecting common historical-cultural (language) factors or merely geographical proximity. The top three reasons for attachment to other countries are spending holidays there, followed by having close friends and close relatives who live in that other country. 'New Europeans by ancestry' mostly mention holidays and close relatives abroad, while 'New Europeans by openness' more frequently mention having friends living there as reasons for attachment to another country.

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NEW EUROPEANS

Turning to feelings of belonging to a group, seven in ten Europeans feel that they belong to a majority group and almost one in ten feel they belong to a minority group: similar proportions are seen when it comes to the way respondents feel they are perceived by others. 'New Europeans by ancestry alone' are also more likely to feel that they belong to a minority group than 'New Europeans by openness alone' or 'Old Europeans'. Europeans’ own feelings and their feelings about other people’s perception of reasons to belong to a specific group emphasise the importance of language, culture, values and lifestyle. There are no differences in this respect between 'Old Europeans' and 'New Europeans'. Both national identity and European identity were explored. By far the most important element that makes up Europeans’ national identity is to be born in their country. This is followed by four equally important factors: mastering the national language, feeling of that nationality, sharing cultural traditions and exercising citizens’ rights, for example voting. In general, national identity seems to have changed since spring 2009 in the sense that the emphasis on the more elusive, subjective concepts (feeling, sharing, believing) is diminishing, whereas there is a growing emphasis on the more objective, concrete concepts (birthplaces of respondents and their parents, place of upbringing, language skills and civil rights). 'New Europeans' attach less importance to being born in their country as a determinant of national identity and more on exercising citizens’ rights than 'Old Europeans'. 'New Europeans by openness' most often mention the sharing of cultural traditions and feeling of the appropriate nationality as important aspects of national identity, whereas 'New Europeans by ancestry' identify mastering the national language of their country of residence. Elements that make up European identity are clearly the single currency and democratic values, particularly in the euro area and in Member States that have joined the EU since 2004. These are followed at some distance by geography, common culture and shared history. Six in ten Europeans say that being European is important to them, the same as in spring 2009. Regarding 'Old Europeans' and 'New Europeans', there are no significant differences in the context of European identity, the only exception being that 'New Europeans' consider democratic values to be more important as an element of European identity than 'Old Europeans' do.

104

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NEW EUROPEANS

Overall, the most widespread type of connection with another country is through personal relationships (close relatives or friends that come from or live in another country). However, the other types of connectedness with other countries are not insignificant. Regardless of their type of connection across borders, 'New Europeans'’ attitudes and opinions differ from those of 'Old Europeans' in the sense that they are much more attached to countries other than their own, and more tempted to move abroad in the coming years. However, when it comes to identity – national and European - the differences between 'New Europeans' and 'Old Europeans' are relatively limited and sometimes even insignificant.

105

ANNEXES

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

EUROBAROMETER SPECIAL N° 346 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Between the 12th of March and the 1st of April 2010, TNS Opinion & Social, a consortium created between TNS plc and TNS opinion, carried out the wave 73.3 of the EUROBAROMETER, on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate-General for Communication, “Research and Political Analysis”. The SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER N° 346 is part of the wave 73.3 and covers the population of the respective nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the Member States and aged 15 years and over. The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a number of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to population size (for a total coverage of the country) and to population density. In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative regional units", after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole territory of the countries surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the resident population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected sampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses (every Nth address) were selected by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, at random (following the "closest birthday rule"). All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in the appropriate national language. As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) was used in those countries where this technique was available.

ABBREVIATIONS BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK TOTAL EU27

COUNTRIES

INSTITUTES

Belgium Bulgaria Czech Rep. Denmark Germany Estonia Ireland Greece Spain France Italy Rep. of Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom

TNS Dimarso TNS BBSS TNS Aisa TNS Gallup DK TNS Infratest Emor MRBI TNS ICAP TNS Demoscopia TNS Sofres TNS Infratest Synovate TNS Latvia TNS Gallup Lithuania TNS ILReS TNS Hungary MISCO TNS NIPO Österreichisches Gallup-Institut TNS OBOP TNS EUROTESTE TNS CSOP RM PLUS TNS AISA SK TNS Gallup Oy TNS GALLUP TNS UK

N° INTERVIEWS 1.030 1.001 1.000 1.026 1.481 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.004 1.008 1.038 507 1.005 1.016 520 1.030 500 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.024 1.022 1.015 1.030 1.001 1.015 1.329 26.602

FIELDWORK DATES 14/03/10 12/03/10 13/03/10 15/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 16/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 13/03/10 13/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 13/03/10 16/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 13/03/10 15/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10 12/03/10

01/04/10 21/03/10 28/03/10 30/03/10 30/03/10 29/03/10 28/03/10 28/03/10 29/03/10 29/03/10 27/03/10 29/03/10 29/03/10 25/03/10 26/03/10 28/03/10 28/03/10 30/03/10 28/03/10 29/03/10 29/03/10 23/03/10 29/03/10 28/03/10 31/03/10 30/03/10 28/03/10 01/04/10

POPULATION 15+ 8.866.411 6.584.957 8.987.535 4.533.420 64.545.601 916.000 3.375.399 8.693.566 39.035.867 47.620.942 51.252.247 651.400 1.448.719 2.849.359 404.907 8.320.614 335.476 13.288.200 6.973.277 32.306.436 8.080.915 18.246.731 1.748.308 4.549.954 4.412.321 7.723.931 51.081.866 406.834.359

For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe description was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all countries surveyed, a national weighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was carried out based on this Universe description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality were introduced in the iteration procedure. For international weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS Opinion & Social applies the official population figures as provided by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices. The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure are listed above. Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits:

Observed percentages

10% or 90%

20% or 80%

30% or 70%

40% or 60%

50%

Confidence limits

± 1.9 points

± 2.5 points

± 2.7 points

± 3.0 points

± 3.1 points

QUESTIONNAIRE

QB1

Let's talk about another topic

Passons à un autre sujet

We would like to find out more about the diversity of people living in Europe, their origins, their sense of identity, their connections to other countries and cultures. Here are some questions on your sense of national and European identity.

Nous souhaiterions en savoir plus sur la diversité des gens qui vivent en Europe, leurs origines, leur sentiment d’identité, leurs liens avec d’autres pays et d’autres cultures. Voici quelques questions sur le sentiment d’identité nationale et européenne.

People differ in what they think it means to be (NATIONALITY). In your view, among the following, what do you think are the most important characteristics to be (NATIONALITY)?

(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS) To be a Christian To share (NATIONALITY) cultural traditions To be born in (OUR COUNTRY) To have at least one (NATIONALITY) parents To feel (NATIONALITY) (ONLY TO UNILANGUAGE COUNTRIES) To master (COUNTRY LANGUAGE) (ONLY TO MULTILANGUAGE COUNTRIES) To master one of the official languages of (OUR COUNTRY)

QB1

Les gens ont des opinions différentes sur ce que signifie être (NATIONALITE). Selon vous, parmi les éléments suivants, lesquels pensez-vous être les caractéristiques les plus importantes pour être (NATIONALITE) ? (MONTRER CARTE – LIRE – ROTATION – MAX. 3 REPONSES)

(469-481) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,

Etre chrétien(ne) Partager les traditions culturelles (NATIONALITE) Etre né(e) en (NOTRE PAYS) Avoir au moins un parent (NATIONALITE) Se sentir (NATIONALITE) (UNIQUEMENT AUX PAYS POSSEDANT UNE SEULE LANGUE NATIONALE) Maîtriser le (LANGUE NATIONALE) (UNIQUEMENT AUX PAYS AYANT PLUSIEURS LANGUES NATIONALES) Maîtriser une des langues officielles de (NOTRE PAYS)

7, To exercise citizens' rights, for example voting in (OUR COUNTRY) To have been brought up in (OUR COUNTRY) Being active in any association or organization in (OUR COUNTRY) Other (SPONTANEOUS) None (SPONTANEOUS) DK EB71.3 QE2

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,

(469-481) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,

7, Exercer ses droits de citoyen(ne) comme par exemple voter en (NOTRE PAYS) Avoir été élevé(e) en (NOTRE PAYS) Etre actif(ve) dans une association ou une organisation en (NOTRE PAYS) Autre (SPONTANE) Aucun (SPONTANE) NSP

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,

EB71.3 QE2

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QB2

In your opinion, which of the following are the two most important elements that go to make up a European identity?

QB2

(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – ROTATE – MAX. 2 ANSWERS) Common history Geography Democratic values A high level of social protection Common culture Common religious heritage The single currency, the Euro (N) Symbols: flag, hymn and motto (“unity in diversity”) (N) Other (SPONTANEOUS) None/ There is no European identity (SPONTANEOUS) DK

(MONTRER CARTE – LIRE – ROTATION – MAX. 2 REPONSES) (482-492) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

Une histoire commune La géographie Des valeurs démocratiques Un haut niveau de protection sociale Une culture commune Un héritage religieux commun La monnaie unique, l’euro (N) Des symboles : le drapeau, l’hymne et la devise (« L’unité dans la diversité ») (N) Autre (SPONTANE) Aucun/ L’identité européenne n’existe pas (SPONTANE) NSP

8, 9, 10, 11,

EB71.3 QE1 TREND MODIFIED

QB3

(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY)

EB69.2 QB4

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

(482-492) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,

EB71.3 QE1 TREND MODIFIED

Thinking now about the fact that you are European, how important is being European to you personally? Being European…(M)

Matters a lot to you Matters somewhat to you Does not matter much to you Does not matter at all to you DK

A votre avis, quels sont les deux éléments les plus importants qui constituent l’identité européenne ?

QB3

En pensant maintenant au fait que vous êtes Européen(ne), dans quelle mesure être Européen(ne) est important pour vous personnellement ? Etre Européen(ne) … (M) (LIRE – UNE SEULE REPONSE)

(493) 1 2 3 4 5

Est très important pour vous Est plutôt important pour vous N'est plutôt pas important pour vous N'est pas du tout important pour vous NSP

(493) 1 2 3 4 5

EB69.2 QB4

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(INT.: Please code according to what the country is now for example, if the country no longer exists or has changed name or ownership) QB4

I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born.

(ENQ. : Veuillez coder selon la situation actuelle du pays, par exemple, si le pays n’existe plus ou a changé de nom ou d’appartenance) QB4

(SHOW CARD WITH SCALE – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) (READ OUT)

(494) (495) (496)

1 2 3 4

(497) 5 (498) 6 (499) 7 (500)

You were born in Your mother was born in Your father was born in Your grandmother on your mother’s side was born in Your grandfather on your mother’s side was born in Your grandmother on your father’s side was born in Your grandfather on your father’s side was born in

NEW

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

Je vais maintenant vous poser quelques questions à propos de votre lieu de naissance et celui de votre famille. (MONTRER CARTE AVEC ECHELLE – UNE REPONSE PAR LIGNE)

(OU R COU NTR Y) or a plac e that is part of (OU R COU NTR Y) toda y

Anot her coun try that is toda ya mem ber of the EU

Anot her coun try in Euro pe, inclu ding Turk ey, but not a mem ber of the EU

USA, Can ada, Japa n, Austr alia or New Zeal and

Anot her coun try outsi de Euro pe

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Refu DK sal (SP ONT ANE OUS )

(LIRE)

(494) (495) (496)

En (NO TRE PAY S) ou un endr oit qui fait main tena nt parti e de (NO TRE PAY S)

Dans un autre pays qui est actu elle ment un Etat mem bre de l’UE

Dans un autre pays en Euro pe, Turq uie inclu s, mais pas un mem bre de l’UE

Aux Dans Etats- un Unis, autre au pays Can en ada, deho au rs de Japo l’Eur n, en ope Austr alie ou en Nouv elle Zéla nde

Refu NSP s (SP ONT ANE )

1 2 3 4

Vous êtes né(e) Votre mère est née Votre père est né Votre grand-mère maternelle est née

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7

5

Votre grand-père maternel est né

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

Votre grand-mère paternelle est née

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

7

Votre grand-père paternel est né

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

(497) (498) 1

2

3

4

5

6

7 (499)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 (500)

NEW

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QB5

We just discussed about the country where your grandparents were born. Let’s now speak about their citizenship when they were born.

Nous venons de parler des pays dans lesquels vos grands-parents sont nés. Nous allons maintenant parler de leur citoyenneté lorsqu’ils sont nés.

(INT.: Please code according to what the citizenship is now, for example, if the country no longer exists or has changed name or ownership)

(ENQ. : Veuillez coder selon la situation actuelle de la citoyenneté, par exemple si le pays n’existe plus ou a changé de nom ou d’appartenance)

Could you please tell me how many of your 4 grandparents were born as a citizen of (OUR COUNTRY)? (READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) 1 grandparent 2 grandparents 3 grandparents 4 grandparents None DK NEW

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

QB5

Pourriez-vous me dire combien, parmi vos 4 grands-parents, sont nés citoyens(nes) de (NOTRE PAYS) ? (LIRE – UNE SEULE REPONSE)

(501) 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 grand-parent 2 grands-parents 3 grands-parents 4 grands-parents Aucun NSP

(501) 1 2 3 4 5 6

NEW

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We are also interested in other types of connections people may have with other countries.

QB6

Nous nous intéressons également à d’autres types de liens que les gens peuvent avoir avec d’autres pays.

QB6

For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not.

(UNE REPONSE PAR LIGNE)

(ONE ANSWER PER LINE) (READ OUT)

Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas.

Yes

No

Refusal (SPONTA NEOUS)

DK

1

You have close relatives (brothers, sisters, children, parents) who live in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

1

2

3

4

2

You have close friends who live in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

1

2

3

4

3

You have close friends in (OUR COUNTRY) who have moved here from abroad You live or have lived with a partner of a different citizenship than your own

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

You are fluent in at least one other language than (INTERVIEW LANGUAGE) You have worked (including volunteering and traineeships) for at least three consecutive months in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

7

You have attended school or studied for at least half an academic year in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

1

2

3

4

8

You have lived for reasons other than study or work for at least three consecutive months in another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

1

2

3

4

(502)

(LIRE)

Oui

Non

Refus (SPONTA NE)

NSP

1

Vous avez des parents proches (frères, sœurs, enfants, parents) qui vivent dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS)

1

2

3

4

2

Vous avez des amis proches qui vivent dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS)

1

2

3

4

3

Vous avez des amis proches en (NOTRE PAYS) qui se sont installés ici venant d’un autre pays Vous vivez ou avez vécu avec un(e) partenaire d’une autre citoyenneté que la vôtre Vous parlez couramment au moins une autre langue que (LANGUE INTERVIEW) Vous avez travaillé (y compris comme volontaire ou stagiaire) pendant au moins trois mois consécutifs dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS)

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

7

Vous êtes allé(e) à l’école ou avez étudié pendant au moins un semestre dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS)

1

2

3

4

8

Vous avez vécu dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) pendant au moins trois mois consécutifs pour des raisons autres que pour y faire des études ou y travailler

1

2

3

4

(502)

(503)

(503)

(504) 4

(504)

(505)

4 (505)

5 (506) 6

5 (506)

(507)

6

(507)

(508)

(508)

(509)

(509)

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

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You own real property/ properties in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) (not timesharing) 10 You regularly spend your holidays/weekends in one particular country other than (OUR COUNTRY)

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

11 You regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from another country than (OUR COUNTRY) 12 You regularly eat food at home that is typical of another country than (OUR COUNTRY)

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

9

(510)

(510)

(511)

(512)

Vous possédez un(des) bien(s) immobilier(s) dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) (sauf timesharing) 10 Vous passez régulièrement vos vacances/ week-ends dans un pays en particulier autre que (NOTRE PAYS)

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

11 Vous suivez régulièrement l’actualité, la vie culturelle ou le sport dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) 12 A la maison, vous mangez régulièrement des plats qui sont typiques d’un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS)

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

9

(511)

(513)

(512)

(513) NEW

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

NEW

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QB7a

What is(are) your mother tongue(s)?

QB7a

Quelle(s) est(sont) votre(vos) langue(s) maternelle(s) ?

QB7b

And what other language(s) do you speak well enough to be able to have a conversation?

QB7b

Et quelle(s) autre(s) langue(s) parlez-vous suffisamment bien pour pouvoir avoir une conversation ?

(DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) (514-544) (DO NOT READ OUT) QB7a MONTHER TONGUE(S) German English Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese Danish Spanish Estonian Finnish French Greek Hungarian Italian Latvian Lithuanian Luxembourgish Maltese Dutch Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Slovak Slovenian Swedish Czech Turkish Other (SPECIFY) None DK EB64.3 D48a&b&c&d TREND MODIFIED

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,

(545-575) QB7b OTHER LANGUAGE(S) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,

(NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) (514-544) (545-575) (NE PAS LIRE) QB7a QB7b LANGUE(S) AUTRE(S) MATERNELLE( LANGUE(S) S) Allemand 1, 1, Anglais 2, 2, Arabe 3, 3, Bulgare 4, 4, Catalan 5, 5, Chinois 6, 6, Danois 7, 7, Espagnol 8, 8, Estonien 9, 9, Finnois 10, 10, Français 11, 11, Grec 12, 12, Hongrois 13, 13, Italien 14, 14, Letton 15, 15, Lituanien 16, 16, Luxembourgeois 17, 17, Maltais 18, 18, Néerlandais 19, 19, Polonais 20, 20, Portugais 21, 21, Roumain 22, 22, Russe 23, 23, Slovaque 24, 24, Slovène 25, 25, Suédois 26, 26, Tchèque 27, 27, Turc 28, 28, Autre (SPECIFIER) 29, 29, Aucune 30, 30, NSP 31, 31, EB64.3 D48a&b&c&d TREND MODIFIED

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POSER QB7ao SI “AUTRE”, CODE 29 EN QB7a

ASK QB7ao IF "OTHER", CODE 29 IN QB7a

QB7ao

QB7ao

Which other(s)?

(NE PAS LIRE – NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)

(DO NOT READ OUT – DO NOT SHOW THE CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) 2

QB7bo

2

Quelle(s) autre(s) ?

(576,577-580)

2

2

NEW

NEW

ASK QB7bo IF "OTHER", CODE 29 IN QB7b

POSER QB7bo SI “AUTRE”, CODE 29 EN QB7b

QB7bo

Which other(s)? (DO NOT READ OUT – DO NOT SHOW THE CARD – MULTIPLE ASNWERS POSSIBLE) 10

2

NEW

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

(581,582-601)

(576,577-580)

Quelle(s) autre(s)? (NE PAS LIRE – NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) 10

2

(581,582-601)

NEW

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A TOUS

ASK ALL

QB8

How likely do you think it is that you will move to another country within the next ten years, to live there?

QB8

(LIRE – UNE SEULE REPONSE)

(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) Very likely Fairly likely Not very likely Not at all likely DK

QB9

Quelle est la probabilité pour que dans les dix prochaines années vous déménagiez dans un autre pays pour y vivre ?

(602) 1 2 3 4 5

Très probable Plutôt probable Plutôt pas probable Pas du tout probable NSP

(602) 1 2 3 4 5

NEW

NEW

ASK QB9 IF “LIKELY TO MOVE TO ANOTHER COUNTRY”, CODE 1 OR 2 IN QB8 – OTHERS GO TO QB10a

POSER QB9 SI “DEMENAGEMENT PROBABLE DANS UN AUTRE PAYS”, CODE 1 OU 2 EN QB8 – LES AUTRES ALLER EN QB10a

QB9

And if you were to move, where would it be to?

(MONTRER CARTE – LIRE – UNE SEULE REPONSE)

(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) Another country that is today a member of the EU Another country in Europe, including Turkey, but not a member of the EU

Et si vous deviez déménager, où est-ce que ça serait ?

(603) 1

Un autre pays qui est actuellement un Etat membre de l’UE Un autre pays en Europe, Turquie inclus, mais pas un membre de l’UE

2

NEW

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

2 Aux Etats-Unis, au Canada, au Japon, en Australie ou en Nouvelle Zélande

USA, Canada, Japan, Australia or New Zealand Another country outside Europe DK

(603) 1

3 4 5

Un autre pays en dehors de l’Europe NSP

3 4 5

NEW

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A TOUS

ASK ALL

QB10a

Which country other than (OUR COUNTRY) do you feel the most attached to? Firstly?

QB10a

A quel pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) vous sentez vous le plus attaché(e) ? En premier ?

QB10b

And secondly?

QB10b

Et en second ?

(DO NOT SHOW CARD – ONE ANSWER PER COLUMN) (DO NOT READ OUT) Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Spain Sweden The Netherlands United Kingdom United States Israël Morocco Algeria Albania Russia China Turkey Other (SPECIFY) None DK EB60.1 Q42 TREND MODIFIED

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

(604-634) QB10a FIRSTLY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,

(635-665) QB10b SECONDLY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,

(NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – UNE REPONSE PAR COLONNE) (604-634) (635-665) (NE PAS LIRE) QB10a QB10b EN PREMIER EN SECOND Autriche 1, 1, Belgique 2, 2, Bulgarie 3, 3, République tchèque 4, 4, Danemark 5, 5, Finlande 6, 6, France 7, 7, Allemagne 8, 8, Grèce 9, 9, Hongrie 10, 10, Irlande 11, 11, Italie 12, 12, Pologne 13, 13, Portugal 14, 14, Roumanie 15, 15, Slovaquie 16, 16, Espagne 17, 17, Suède 18, 18, Pays-Bas 19, 19, Royaume-Uni 20, 20, Etats-Unis 21, 21, Israël 22, 22, Maroc 23, 23, Algérie 24, 24, Albanie 25, 25, Russie 26, 26, Chine 27, 27, Turquie 28, 28, Autre (SPECIFIER) 29, 29, Aucun 30, 30, NSP 31, 31, EB60.1 Q42 TREND MODIFIED

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ASK Q107ao IF "OTHER", CODE 29 IN QB10a

QB10ao

QB10bo

Which other?

POSER QB10ao SI “AUTRE”, CODE 29 EN QB10a

QB10ao

Quel autre ?

(DO NOT READ OUT – DO NOT SHOW THE CARD – ONE ANSWER ONLY) (666,667-668) 1 2

(NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – NE PAS LIRE – UNE SEULE REPONSE) 1 2

NEW

NEW

ASK QB10bo IF "OTHER", CODE 29 IN QB10b

ASK QB10bo IF “OTHER”, CODE 29 IN QB10b

Which other?

QB10bo

Quel autre ?

(DO NOT READ OUT – DO NOT SHOW THE CARD – ONE ANSWER ONLY) (669,670-671) 1 2

1

NEW

NEW

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

(666,667-668)

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ASK QB11 IF “FEEL ATTACHED TO ANOTHER COUNTRY”, CODE 1 TO 29 IN QB10a – OTHERS GO TO QB13

QB11

And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10a)?

POSER QB11 SI “SE SENT ATTACHE A UN AUTRE PAYS”, CODE 1 A 29 EN QB10a – LES AUTRES ALLER EN QB13

QB11

(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS)

Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10a) ? (MONTRER CARTE – LIRE – ROTATION – MAX. 3 REPONSES)

(672-686) You have close relatives (brothers, sisters, children, parents) who live in this country You have close friends who live in this country You have close friends who have moved here from this country You live or have lived with a partner from this country You have worked (including volunteering and traineeships) in this country You have studied in this country You have lived for reasons other than study or work in this country You own real property/ properties in this country You regularly spend your holidays/ weekends in this country You regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from this country

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,

You regularly eat food at home that is typical of this country You were born in this country or you lived there before Other (SPONTANEOUS) No particular reason (SPONTANEOUS) DK NEW

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

11, 12, 13, 14, 15,

(672-686) Vous avez des parents proches (frères, sœurs, enfants, parents) qui vivent dans ce pays Vous avez des amis proches qui vivent dans ce pays Vous avez des amis proches qui sont venus de ce pays pour s’installer ici Vous vivez ou avez vécu avec un(e) partenaire venant de ce pays Vous avez travaillé (y compris comme volontaire ou stagiaire) dans ce pays Vous avez étudié dans ce pays Vous avez vécu dans ce pays pour d’autres raisons que professionnelles ou pour y faire des études Vous possédez un(des) bien(s) immobilier(s) dans ce pays Vous passez régulièrement vos vacances/ week-ends dans ce pays Vous suivez régulièrement l’actualité, la vie culturelle ou le sport dans ce pays A la maison, vous mangez régulièrement des plats typiques de ce pays Vous êtes né(e) ou vous avez vécu dans ce pays Autre (SPONTANE) Pas de raison particulière (SPONTANE) NSP

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,

NEW

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ASK QB12 IF “FEEL ATTACHED TO A SECOND OTHER COUNTRY”, CODE 1 TO 29 IN QB10b – OTHERS GO TO QB13

QB12

And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10b)?

ASK QB12 IF “FEEL ATTACHED TO A SECOND OTHER COUNTRY”, CODE 1 TO 29 IN QB10b – OTHERS GO TO QB13

QB12

(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS)

Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10b) ? (MONTRER CARTE – LIRE – ROTATION – MAX. 3 REPONSES)

(687-701) You have close relatives (brothers, sisters, children, parents) who live in this country You have close friends who live in this country You have close friends who have moved here from this country You live or have lived with a partner from this country You have worked (including volunteering and traineeships) in this country You have studied in this country You have lived for reasons other than study or work in this country You own real property/ properties in this country You regularly spend your holidays/ weekends in this country You regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from this country

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,

You regularly eat food at home that is typical of this country You were born in this country or you lived there before Other (SPONTANEOUS) No particular reason (SPONTANEOUS) DK NEW

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

11, 12, 13, 14, 15,

(687-701) Vous avez des parents proches (frères, sœurs, enfants, parents) qui vivent dans ce pays Vous avez des amis proches qui vivent dans ce pays Vous avez des amis proches qui sont venus de ce pays pour s’installer ici Vous vivez ou avez vécu avec un(e) partenaire venant de ce pays Vous avez travaillé (y compris comme volontaire ou stagiaire) dans ce pays Vous avez étudié dans ce pays Vous avez vécu dans ce pays pour d’autres raisons que professionnelles ou pour y faire des études Vous possédez un(des) bien(s) immobilier(s) dans ce pays Vous passez régulièrement vos vacances/ week-ends dans ce pays Vous suivez régulièrement l’actualité, la vie culturelle ou le sport dans ce pays A la maison, vous mangez régulièrement des plats typiques de ce pays Vous êtes né(e) ou vous avez vécu dans ce pays Autre (SPONTANE) Pas de raison particulière (SPONTANE) NSP

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,

NEW

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ASK ALL QB13

A TOUS

People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city,to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to…

QB13

(MONTRER CARTE AVEC ECHELLE – UNE REPONSE PAR LIGNE)

(SHOW CARD WITH SCALE - ONE ANSWER PER LINE) (READ OUT)

1 (702) 2 (703) 3 (704) 4 (705) (706) (707) (708) (709)

5 6 7 8

Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à leur ville ou village, à leur région, à leur pays ou à l'Union européenne. Veuillez me dire dans quelle mesure vous vous sentez attaché(e) à …

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

(ONLY TO SPLIT A) Your city/ town/ village (ONLY TO SPLIT B) The city/ town/ village where you live (M) (ONLY TO SPLIT A) Your region (ONLY TO SPLIT B) The region where you live (M)

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

(OUR COUNTRY) (COUNTRY QB10a) (N) (COUNTRY QB10b) (N) The European Union

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

(LIRE)

1 (702)

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

2 (703) 3 (704)

EB68.1 QA10 + EB67.1 QA14 (items 3,4) TREND MODIFIED

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

4 (705) (706) (707) (708) (709)

5 6 7 8

(UNIQUEMENT AU SPLIT A) Votre ville ou village (UNIQUEMENT AU SPLIT B) La ville ou le village dans lequel vous vivez (M) (UNIQUEMENT AU SPLIT A) Votre région (UNIQUEMENT AU SPLIT B) La région où vous vivez (M) (NOTRE PAYS) (PAYS QB10a) (N) (PAYS QB10b) (N) L’Union européenne

Très Assez Pas très attaché(e) attaché(e) attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

EB68.1 QA10 + EB67.1 QA14 (items 3,4) TREND MODIFIED

54/71

25/02/2010

QB14

For each of the following statements, please tell me which situation applies to you.

QB14

(SHOW CARD WITH SCALE – ONE ANSWER PER LINE) (READ OUT)

1 (710) 2

You have the feeling that you belong to You have the feeling that people in (OUR COUNTRY) generally perceive you as belonging to

One of the majority groups in (OUR COUNTRY )

One of the minority groups in (OUR COUNTRY ) in terms of religion, culture or ethnic origin

1

2

Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, pouvez-vous me dire laquelle de ces situations s’applique à vous. (MONTRER CARTE AVEC ECHELLE – UNE REPONSE PAR LIGNE)

Neither Refusal one nor (SPONTA the other – NEOUS) No specific group (SPONTA NEOUS)

3

4

DK

(LIRE)

5

1 (710)

1

(711)

2

3

4

5

2

(711) NEW (BASED ON EB66.3 QA24)

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

Vous avez le sentiment d’appartenir à Vous avez le sentiment que les gens en (NOTRE PAYS) vous perçoivent généralement comme appartenant à

Un des Ni l’un ni Refus Un des groupes groupes l’autre – (SPONTA majoritaire minoritaire Pas de NE) groupe en s en s en (NOTRE (NOTRE particulier PAYS) PAYS) en (SPONTA termes de NE) religion, de culture ou d’origine ethnique

NSP

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

NEW (BASED ON EB66.3 QA24)

55/71

25/02/2010

QB15

Regardless of whether you or others think that you belong to the majority or to a minority group, for which of the following reasons, if any, could people in (OUR COUNTRY) perceive you as belonging to a specific group? If you have no opinion or prefer not to answer, please say so.

(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) Your physical condition or appearance Your religion Your name Your age The area where you live Your skin colour or ethnic origin Your clothes, the way you are dressed Your language or accent Your social background Your occupation Your culture, values, lifestyle Other (SPONTANEOUS) Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) DK

QB15

Sans tenir compte du fait que vous-même ou les autres pensent que vous appartenez à la majorité ou à un groupe minoritaire, pour lesquelles des raisons suivantes, s’il y en a, est-ce que les gens en (NOTRE PAYS) pourraient vous percevoir comme appartenant à un groupe en particulier ? Si vous n’avez pas d’opinion ou préférez ne pas répondre, dites-le moi.

(MONTRER CARTE – LIRE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) (712-725) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,

Votre apparence ou votre condition physique Votre religion Votre nom Votre âge L’endroit où vous vivez La couleur de votre peau ou vos origines ethniques Vos vêtements, la façon dont vous vous habillez La langue que vous parlez, votre accent Votre environnement social Votre profession Votre culture, vos valeurs, votre mode de vie Autre (SPONTANE) Refus (SPONTANE) NSP

NEW

NEW

ASK QC ONLY IN EU27

POSER QC UNIQUEMENT EN UE27

EB0733 - ENFR - Master Prep with columns

56/71

(712-725) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,

25/02/2010

TABLES

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB1 Les gens ont des opinions différentes sur ce que signifie être (NATIONALITE). Selon vous, parmi les éléments suivants, lesquels pensezvous être les caractéristiques les plus importantes pour être (NATIONALITE) ? (MAX. 3 REPONSES) QB1 People differ in what they think it means to be (NATIONALITY). In your view, among the following, what do you think are the most important characteristics to be (NATIONALITY)? (ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS) QB1 Die Menschen haben unterschiedliche Ansichten darüber, was es bedeutet, (STAATSANGEHÖRIGER UNSERES LANDES) zu sein. Welche der folgenden sind Ihrer Ansicht nach die wichtigsten Eigenschaften, um (STAATSANGEHÖRIGER UNSERES LANDES) zu sein? (ROTIEREN MAX. 3 ANTWORTEN)

Etre chrétien(ne)

1/2

Partager les traditions culturelles (NATIONALITE)

To be a Christian

To share (NATIONALITY) cultural traditions

Christ zu sein

(NATIONALE) kulturelle Traditionen zu teilen

Etre né(e) en (NOTRE PAYS)

To be born in (OUR COUNTRY)

Avoir au moins un parent (NATIONALITE)

To have at least one (NATIONALITY) parents

Se sentir (NATIONALITE)

To feel (NATIONALITY)

To master (COUNTRY To exercise LANGUAGE)/To citizens' rights, master one of for example the official voting in (OUR languages of COUNTRY) (OUR COUNTRY)

Maîtriser la Sich als Mindestens ein Bürgerrechte (LANGUE In (UNSEREM (STAATSANGEHÖ Elternteil zu auszuüben z.B. NATIONALE)/un LAND) geboren haben, das in RIGER UNSERES in (UNSEREM e des langues zu sein (UNSEREM LAND) LANDES) zu LAND) zu officielles de fühlen geboren wurde wählen (NOTRE PAYS)

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EU 27

9

BE

3

BG

26

2

45

-8

58

5

24

CZ

2

0

24

-10

56

10

20

DK

5

-1

49

4

25

1

9

2

%

Exercer ses droits de citoyen(ne) comme par exemple voter en (NOTRE PAYS)

Maîtriser la (LANGUE NATIONALE)/un e des langues officielles de (NOTRE PAYS)

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

-1

33

-4

49

7

18

1

34

7

50

15

15

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

5

34

-8

34

5

33

4

0

41

4

29

3

36

7

8

48

-14

15

6

27

-5

6

37

-8

49

12

29

8

44

-8

65

9

47

-3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

D-W

5

-1

30

-4

38

2

18

5

23

-9

62

5

37

2

DE

4

-2

29

-5

40

1

17

4

24

-6

62

5

36

3

D-E

1

-3

27

-7

46

-4

12

-2

27

4

61

5

31

3

EE

3

0

38

-6

37

4

18

8

51

-3

66

6

24

0 -1

IE

13

-4

30

-11

65

6

24

-1

24

-8

3

-3

29

EL

33

-3

29

-13

51

10

44

15

44

-12

12

6

29

0

ES

3

-2

19

-7

63

3

17

6

42

-10

8

2

20

-1

FR

4

0

41

-7

42

6

18

6

40

-7

43

6

50

1

IT

13

0

40

-2

53

10

15

3

24

-11

19

6

38

16

CY

35

-1

36

-9

64

16

48

15

28

-15

16

3

40

9

LV

6

0

41

4

33

4

9

3

46

-6

37

-1

33

3

LT

12

-1

30

-7

48

12

28

11

34

-20

59

9

21

5

LU

6

4

42

6

41

13

12

3

42

-16

51

0

33

0

HU

6

-3

20

-1

37

7

31

9

63

-5

30

7

33

3

MT

29

0

30

0

68

8

19

6

31

-15

13

-5

31

6 3

NL

3

-2

37

-3

36

10

11

3

48

-3

58

10

43

AT

7

0

41

2

45

0

17

-4

29

-6

53

8

28

0

PL

16

-3

31

-3

45

9

13

2

43

-12

32

5

24

5

PT

5

-2

20

-1

69

15

24

5

31

0

4

-1

21

5

RO

36

2

30

-10

63

14

15

2

26

-12

29

9

23

4

SI

10

1

37

5

41

4

24

10

40

-1

46

-5

33

7

SK

7

-7

20

-7

45

-1

20

4

46

-6

53

2

35

10

FI

10

0

31

-9

48

6

13

4

52

-3

31

5

37

8

SE

2

0

31

-1

22

3

9

3

56

-2

52

1

54

-7

UK

5

-1

36

-2

55

9

21

6

26

-3

22

3

24

-2

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB1 Les gens ont des opinions différentes sur ce que signifie être (NATIONALITE). Selon vous, parmi les éléments suivants, lesquels pensezvous être les caractéristiques les plus importantes pour être (NATIONALITE) ? (MAX. 3 REPONSES) QB1 People differ in what they think it means to be (NATIONALITY). In your view, among the following, what do you think are the most important characteristics to be (NATIONALITY)? (ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS) QB1 Die Menschen haben unterschiedliche Ansichten darüber, was es bedeutet, (STAATSANGEHÖRIGER UNSERES LANDES) zu sein. Welche der folgenden sind Ihrer Ansicht nach die wichtigsten Eigenschaften, um (STAATSANGEHÖRIGER UNSERES LANDES) zu sein? (ROTIEREN MAX. 3 ANTWORTEN)

2/2

Avoir été élevé(e) en (NOTRE PAYS)

Etre actif(ve) dans une association ou une organisation en (NOTRE PAYS)

Autre (SPONTANE)

Aucun (SPONTANE)

NSP

To have been brought up in (OUR COUNTRY)

Being active in any association or organization in (OUR COUNTRY)

Other (SPONTANEOUS)

None (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

In (UNSEREM LAND) aufgewachsen zu sein

Aktives Mitglied in einem Verband oder einer Organisation in (UNSEREM LAND) zu sein

Spontan: andere

Spontan: nichts davon

WN

%

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

28

3

3

-2

1

0

1

0

1

-2

BE

29

7

4

0

1

0

1

1

1

-17

Diff. EB 71.3

BG

20

3

1

0

0

0

0

0

2

1

CZ

41

3

2

-1

0

0

0

0

0

-1

DK

22

-4

9

3

1

1

1

1

0

0

D-W

33

3

2

1

0

-1

1

0

1

-2

DE

35

3

1

-1

0

-1

1

0

1

-2

D-E

39

-1

1

-2

0

-1

1

0

1

-2

EE

28

1

5

-1

1

0

0

0

0

-2

IE

39

8

6

-2

1

0

1

1

3

1

EL

14

-8

1

-1

1

1

0

0

0

0

ES

29

6

4

-1

1

0

0

-1

1

-1

FR

17

2

5

-3

2

1

1

1

0

-1

IT

25

1

4

-3

1

1

1

-1

1

-1

CY

19

-7

3

-3

1

1

1

1

0

0

LV

26

3

4

0

0

-2

1

0

1

-1

LT

21

3

3

-2

1

0

1

1

1

-1

LU

16

-6

7

4

1

0

2

0

2

-1

HU

20

-4

4

-3

1

1

0

0

1

0

MT

36

-1

1

-4

0

-1

0

0

0

-2 -1

NL

29

4

8

-1

1

0

0

0

0

AT

39

4

4

0

1

0

1

0

1

1

PL

23

2

1

-2

0

0

0

0

3

0

PT

33

4

1

-3

0

0

1

0

2

-3

RO

24

3

1

-1

1

1

1

0

3

-1

SI

21

-1

3

-1

2

0

0

-1

1

0

SK

33

4

2

-2

0

-1

0

0

0

-1 1

FI

46

6

4

0

2

2

0

0

1

SE

22

7

3

-2

2

1

0

-1

1

0

UK

36

4

6

-1

1

0

0

-2

3

-1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB2 A votre avis, quels sont les deux éléments les plus importants qui constituent l’identité européenne ? (MAX. 2 REPONSES) QB2 In your opinion, which of the following are the two most important elements that go to make up a European identity? (ROTATE – MAX. 2 ANSWERS) QB2 Welche der folgenden Faktoren sind Ihrer Ansicht nach die zwei wichtigsten, die die europäische Identität ausmachen? (ROTIEREN - MAX. 2 ANTWORTEN)

1/2

Une histoire commune

La géographie

Des valeurs démocratiques

Un haut niveau de protection sociale

Une culture commune

Un héritage religieux commun

La monnaie unique, l’euro

Common history

Geography

Democratic values

A high level of social protection

Common culture

Common religious heritage

The single currency, the Euro

Gemeinsame Geschichte

Geographie

Demokratische Werte

Ein hohes Maß an sozialer Sicherheit

Gemeinsame Kultur

Gemeinsames religiöses Erbe

Die einheitliche Währung, der Euro

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

32

-9

13

-11

22

-1

5

-3

36

36

40

-13

16

-17

20

-1

3

-4

55

55

28

-8

15

-8

21

-5

4

-1

21

21

31

-12

14

-17

28

5

3

-3

20

20

65

-7

24

-12

21

1

3

-2

18

18

0

47

-7

20

-14

25

4

4

-4

37

37

%

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

17

-7

22

-3

BE

12

-7

13

-6

BG

17

-5

35

-2

CZ

25

1

23

3

DK

23

-1

17

4

D-W

18

-6

18

DE

17

-7

20

1

45

-7

20

-15

23

3

4

-4

38

38

D-E

14

-10

28

2

38

-8

21

-17

15

-2

3

-3

42

42

EE

12

-9

23

-1

29

-5

23

-8

20

-3

3

-2

34

34

IE

16

-11

26

-8

26

-6

10

-14

19

-6

3

-5

52

52

EL

12

-9

36

-11

19

-14

11

-10

20

-2

9

2

53

53

ES

16

-14

30

-7

16

-14

7

-3

21

-8

2

-2

48

48

FR

14

-12

21

-15

35

-12

9

-12

16

-7

3

-3

59

59

IT

19

-3

16

-3

32

-8

12

-13

30

2

10

0

39

39

CY

11

-8

12

-11

51

-2

19

-13

24

-5

6

-7

49

49

LV

12

-7

34

-16

23

-3

25

3

13

-1

2

-4

31

31

LT

12

2

20

5

34

-10

29

-18

20

3

4

0

26

26

LU

15

-10

19

0

44

-6

17

-19

20

1

2

-5

48

48

HU

33

-2

23

-1

31

-6

14

-10

29

4

5

-2

18

18

MT

4

-9

22

-4

32

-18

16

-15

16

-9

8

-4

45

45

NL

15

-6

28

-3

46

-8

17

-11

13

-5

3

-5

49

49

AT

19

-7

16

-12

40

-3

23

-8

30

3

6

-3

30

30

PL

22

-4

20

-2

18

-9

6

-8

25

-2

11

-3

20

20

PT

14

-7

26

7

18

-8

6

-12

17

-2

2

-3

39

39

RO

27

-5

27

3

23

-7

14

-12

15

-6

9

-3

29

29

SI

12

-15

26

-15

25

-9

10

-10

12

-5

4

-3

61

61

SK

11

-17

19

-18

27

-10

13

-15

14

-7

5

-6

57

57

FI

12

-10

26

-1

36

-12

18

-16

17

-5

4

-6

55

55

SE

14

0

25

8

71

-6

26

-18

15

1

2

-2

17

17

UK

13

-5

24

3

25

-10

10

-9

26

5

5

-3

12

12

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB2 A votre avis, quels sont les deux éléments les plus importants qui constituent l’identité européenne ? (MAX. 2 REPONSES) QB2 In your opinion, which of the following are the two most important elements that go to make up a European identity? (ROTATE – MAX. 2 ANSWERS) QB2 Welche der folgenden Faktoren sind Ihrer Ansicht nach die zwei wichtigsten, die die europäische Identität ausmachen? (ROTIEREN MAX. 2 ANTWORTEN)

2/2

Des symboles : le drapeau, l’hymne et la Autre (SPONTANE) devise (« L’unité dans la diversité »)

Aucun/ L’identité européenne n’existe pas (SPONTANE)

NSP

Symbols: flag, hymn and motto (“unity in diversity”)

None/ There is no European identity (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

Spontan: Keine / Es gibt keine europäische Identität

WN

Other (SPONTANEOUS)

Symbole: Flagge, Hymne Spontan: Sonstiges und Motto ("In Vielfalt geeint")

Diff. EB 71.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

0

3

-2

6

-3

-1

3

0

2

-2

3

1

13

1

2

-2

2

-6

Diff. EB 71.3

%

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 71.3

EU 27

11

11

1

BE

9

9

0

BG

12

12

0

0

CZ

28

28

0

0

DK

14

14

0

0

2

0

1

-1

D-W

4

4

0

0

1

-3

5

-1

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

DE

4

4

0

0

2

-2

4

-2

D-E

4

4

0

0

4

-1

1

-3

EE

15

15

1

1

3

2

8

-4

IE

11

11

0

-1

3

0

7

-5

EL

6

6

1

0

4

-3

1

-1

ES

8

8

1

-2

1

-3

7

-2

FR

17

17

0

0

2

-1

2

-3

IT

11

11

1

1

2

-2

3

-5

CY

12

12

0

0

2

0

2

-3

LV

16

16

1

1

3

1

5

-4

LT

12

12

1

1

2

1

10

-4

LU

7

7

1

0

1

-3

2

-3

HU

16

16

0

-1

2

-2

3

-5

MT

14

14

1

1

3

2

9

0

NL

8

8

1

1

2

0

2

-4

AT

10

10

1

0

6

-1

2

-1

PL

19

19

0

-1

5

3

11

-4 -14

PT

8

8

1

0

5

3

13

RO

8

8

2

1

1

-1

14

1

SI

26

26

1

-1

2

-4

1

-2

SK

24

24

1

1

1

0

2

-4

FI

12

12

1

1

2

-1

1

-1

SE

9

9

0

0

2

-1

2

-2

UK

8

8

1

0

10

-4

15

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB3 En pensant maintenant au fait que vous êtes Européen(ne), dans quelle mesure être Européen(ne) est important pour vous personnellement ? Etre Européen(ne) … QB3 Thinking now about the fact that you are European, how important is being European to you personally? Being European… QB3 Wie wichtig ist für Sie persönlich die Tatsache, dass Sie Europäer sind? Est plutôt N'est plutôt pas N'est pas du important pour important pour tout important vous vous pour vous Does not Matters Does not Matters a lot to somewhat to matter much to matter at all to you you you you Est très important pour vous

Es ist Ihnen sehr wichtig %

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 69.2

NSP

Total 'Important'

Total 'Pas important'

DK

Total 'Matters'

Total 'Does not matter'

WN

Gesamt 'Wichtig'

Gesamt 'Nicht wichtig'

Es ist Ihnen Es ist Ihnen Es ist Ihnen überhaupt nicht ziemlich wichtig weniger wichtig wichtig EB 73.3

Diff. EB 69.2

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 69.2

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 69.2

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 69.2

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 69.2

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 69.2

EU 27

18

3

40

-3

25

0

15

2

2

-2

58

0

40

2

BE

17

3

39

-14

28

3

14

6

2

2

56

-11

42

9

BG

18

-5

40

-6

20

1

11

3

11

7

58

-11

31

4

CZ

35

1

38

-2

21

4

5

-2

1

-1

73

-1

26

2

DK

17

-4

39

-15

29

10

14

9

1

0

56

-19

43

19

D-W

20

5

38

-3

27

-4

13

3

2

-1

58

2

40

-1

DE

18

4

36

-4

28

-5

16

6

2

-1

54

0

44

1

D-E

12

2

29

-8

31

-8

26

14

2

0

41

-6

57

6

EE

14

-16

40

-3

29

12

16

8

1

-1

54

-19

45

20

IE

14

0

45

-2

23

2

14

2

4

-2

59

-2

37

4

EL

10

-2

48

3

27

-4

15

3

0

0

58

1

42

-1

ES

15

2

43

-9

29

5

11

3

2

-1

58

-7

40

8

FR

10

-1

47

2

24

-1

18

2

1

-2

57

1

42

1

IT

31

15

51

9

14

-9

3

-8

1

-7

82

24

17

-17

CY

15

-5

33

-11

23

-2

28

18

1

0

48

-16

51

16

LV

10

1

29

-7

35

-2

25

9

1

-1

39

-6

60

7

LT

14

-3

34

-11

34

11

17

4

1

-1

48

-14

51

15

LU

26

-6

48

6

17

0

9

1

0

-1

74

0

26

1

HU

39

11

37

-6

17

-4

6

0

1

-1

76

5

23

-4

MT

26

1

35

-9

24

5

13

3

2

0

61

-8

37

8

NL

12

2

34

-12

36

3

17

7

1

0

46

-10

53

10

AT

27

11

45

-3

20

-4

6

-4

2

0

72

8

26

-8

PL

17

-3

46

-6

23

5

11

6

3

-2

63

-9

34

11

PT

10

-4

44

-3

33

9

12

2

1

-4

54

-7

45

11

RO

22

-1

41

-11

20

7

9

3

8

2

63

-12

29

10

SI

12

-10

46

-6

26

9

15

8

1

-1

58

-16

41

17

SK

24

5

49

-6

19

0

5

-1

3

2

73

-1

24

-1

FI

19

-1

51

-6

23

4

6

2

1

1

70

-7

29

6

SE

15

0

33

-13

37

8

14

5

1

0

48

-13

51

13

UK

13

4

21

-5

28

-1

36

2

2

0

34

-1

64

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB4.1 Je vais maintenant vous poser quelques questions à propos de votre lieu de naissance et celui de votre famille. Vous êtes né(e) QB4.1 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. You were born in QB4.1 Ich werde Ihnen jetzt einige Fragen stellen, wo Sie und Ihre Familie geboren wurden. Wo wurden Sie geboren?

En (NOTRE Dans un autre PAYS) ou un pays qui est endroit qui fait actuellement un maintenant Etat membre de partie de l’UE (NOTRE PAYS)

Dans un autre pays en Europe, Turquie incluse, mais pas un membre de l’UE

Aux Etats-Unis, au Canada, au Dans un autre Japon, en pays en dehors Refus (SPONTANE) Australie ou en de l’Europe Nouvelle Zélande

(OUR COUNTRY) or a Another country that is today a place that is member of the part of (OUR EU COUNTRY) today

Another country in USA, Canada, Europe, including Another country Japan, Australia Turkey, but not a outside Europe or New Zealand member of the EU

In (UNSEREM LAND) oder an einem Ort, der heute zu (UNSEREM LAND) gehört

In einem anderen Land, das heute Mitglied in der EU ist

In einem anderen europäischen In den USA, Land, Kanada, Japan, einschließlich der Australien oder Türkei, das aber Neuseeland nicht Mitglied in der EU ist

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

93

4

BE

89

5

BG

100

CZ

NSP

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

In einem anderen Land außerhalb Europas

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

1

0

2

0

0

2

0

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

98

2

0

0

0

0

0

DK

94

3

1

0

2

0

0

D-W

86

8

3

0

3

0

0

DE

87

7

3

0

3

0

0

D-E

94

4

1

0

1

0

0

EE

94

1

3

0

2

0

0

IE

89

10

0

0

1

0

0

EL

94

3

2

0

1

0

0

ES

88

5

1

0

6

0

0

FR

95

2

0

0

3

0

0

IT

97

2

1

0

0

0

0

CY

93

4

0

1

2

0

0

LV

94

1

4

0

1

0

0

LT

96

1

2

0

1

0

0

LU

65

31

2

0

2

0

0

HU

99

1

0

0

0

0

0

MT

97

2

0

1

0

0

0

NL

93

2

0

0

5

0

0

AT

91

6

2

0

1

0

0 0

PL

99

1

0

0

0

0

PT

96

1

1

0

2

0

0

RO

100

0

0

0

0

0

0

SI

91

1

7

0

1

0

0

SK

98

2

0

0

0

0

0 0

FI

96

1

2

0

1

0

SE

91

5

1

1

2

0

0

UK

88

5

0

1

6

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB4.2 Je vais maintenant vous poser quelques questions à propos de votre lieu de naissance et celui de votre famille. Votre mère est née QB4.2 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. Your mother was born in QB4.2 Ich werde Ihnen jetzt einige Fragen stellen, wo Sie und Ihre Familie geboren wurden. Wo wurde Ihre Mutter geboren?

En (NOTRE Aux Etats-Unis, Dans un autre PAYS) ou un Dans un autre pays au Canada, au Dans un autre pays qui est en Europe, Turquie endroit qui fait Japon, en pays en dehors Refus (SPONTANE) actuellement un incluse, mais pas Australie ou en maintenant de l’Europe Etat membre de un membre de l’UE partie de Nouvelle l’UE (NOTRE PAYS) Zélande

NSP

(OUR COUNTRY) or a Another country Another country in USA, Canada, that is today a Europe, including place that is Another country Japan, Australia outside Europe member of the Turkey, but not a part of (OUR or New Zealand EU COUNTRY) member of the EU today

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

In einem anderen Land außerhalb Europas

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

In (UNSEREM LAND) oder an einem Ort, der heute zu (UNSEREM LAND) gehört

In einem anderen In einem In den USA, europäischen Land, anderen Land, einschließlich der Kanada, Japan, das heute Türkei, das aber Australien oder Mitglied in der nicht Mitglied in Neuseeland EU ist der EU ist

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

90

5

2

0

3

0

0

BE

85

8

2

0

5

0

0

BG

98

1

1

0

0

0

0

CZ

95

5

0

0

0

0

0

DK

92

5

1

0

2

0

0

D-W

80

11

5

0

4

0

0

DE

82

10

4

0

4

0

0

D-E

91

6

2

0

1

0

0

EE

85

3

7

0

5

0

0

IE

90

9

0

1

0

0

0

EL

89

3

6

0

2

0

0

ES

88

5

0

1

6

0

0

FR

87

7

1

0

5

0

0

IT

98

1

1

0

0

0

0

CY

94

3

1

0

2

0

0

LV

84

4

8

0

4

0

0

LT

92

2

3

0

3

0

0

LU

52

43

2

0

3

0

0

HU

97

2

1

0

0

0

0

MT

95

3

0

1

1

0

0

NL

92

3

0

0

5

0

0

AT

85

10

4

0

1

0

0

PL

98

1

1

0

0

0

0

PT

96

1

0

0

3

0

0

RO

99

0

1

0

0

0

0

SI

87

2

10

0

1

0

0

SK

96

4

0

0

0

0

0

FI

94

1

3

0

2

0

0

SE

87

9

2

0

2

0

0

UK

84

6

1

1

8

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB4.3 Je vais maintenant vous poser quelques questions à propos de votre lieu de naissance et celui de votre famille. Votre père est né QB4.3 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. Your father was born in QB4.3 Ich werde Ihnen jetzt einige Fragen stellen, wo Sie und Ihre Familie geboren wurden. Wo wurde Ihr Vater geboren

En (NOTRE Dans un autre PAYS) ou un pays qui est endroit qui fait actuellement un maintenant Etat membre de partie de l’UE (NOTRE PAYS)

Dans un autre pays en Europe, Turquie incluse, mais pas un membre de l’UE

Aux Etats-Unis, au Canada, au Dans un autre Japon, en pays en dehors Refus (SPONTANE) Australie ou en de l’Europe Nouvelle Zélande

(OUR COUNTRY) or a Another country Another country in USA, Canada, that is today a Europe, including place that is Another country Japan, Australia outside Europe member of the Turkey, but not a part of (OUR or New Zealand EU COUNTRY) member of the EU today In (UNSEREM LAND) oder an einem Ort, der heute zu (UNSEREM LAND) gehört

In einem anderen In einem europäischen Land, In den USA, anderen Land, einschließlich der Kanada, Japan, das heute Türkei, das aber Australien oder Mitglied in der nicht Mitglied in Neuseeland EU ist der EU ist EB 73.3

EB 73.3

NSP

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

In einem anderen Land außerhalb Europas

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

%

EB 73.3

EU 27

89

5

2

0

4

0

0

BE

83

9

3

0

5

0

0

BG

99

1

0

0

0

0

0

CZ

95

4

0

0

0

1

0

EB 73.3

DK

93

4

1

0

2

0

0

D-W

78

12

4

0

5

0

1

DE

81

11

4

0

4

0

0

D-E

90

8

1

0

1

0

0

EE

83

4

7

0

5

0

1

IE

90

9

0

0

1

0

0

EL

90

3

6

0

1

0

0

ES

88

5

0

1

6

0

0

FR

85

8

0

0

6

0

1

IT

98

1

1

0

0

0

0

CY

94

3

1

0

2

0

0

LV

82

3

9

0

5

0

1

LT

90

2

3

0

4

0

1

LU

56

38

3

0

3

0

0

HU

97

3

0

0

0

0

0

MT

97

2

0

0

1

0

0

NL

93

2

1

0

4

0

0

AT

85

10

3

0

2

0

0

PL

97

1

2

0

0

0

0

PT

96

1

0

0

3

0

0

RO

99

0

1

0

0

0

0

SI

85

2

11

0

1

0

1

SK

95

4

1

0

0

0

0

FI

94

0

4

0

2

0

0

SE

88

7

2

1

2

0

0

UK

84

6

1

1

8

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB4.4 Je vais maintenant vous poser quelques questions à propos de votre lieu de naissance et celui de votre famille. Votre grand-mère maternelle est née QB4.4 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. Your grandmother on your mother’s side was born in QB4.4 Ich werde Ihnen jetzt einige Fragen stellen, wo Sie und Ihre Familie geboren wurden. Wo wurde Ihre Großmutter mütterlicherseits geboren?

En (NOTRE Dans un autre PAYS) ou un pays qui est endroit qui fait actuellement un maintenant Etat membre de partie de l’UE (NOTRE PAYS)

Dans un autre pays en Europe, Turquie incluse, mais pas un membre de l’UE

Aux Etats-Unis, au Canada, au Dans un autre Japon, en pays en dehors Australie ou en de l’Europe Nouvelle Zélande

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

(OUR COUNTRY) or a Another country Another country in USA, Canada, that is today a Europe, including Refusal place that is Another country Japan, Australia outside Europe (SPONTANEOUS) member of the Turkey, but not a part of (OUR or New Zealand EU COUNTRY) member of the EU today

DK

In (UNSEREM LAND) oder an einem Ort, der heute zu (UNSEREM LAND) gehört

In einem anderen In einem europäischen Land, In den USA, anderen Land, einschließlich der Kanada, Japan, das heute Türkei, das aber Australien oder Mitglied in der nicht Mitglied in Neuseeland EU ist der EU ist

In einem anderen Land außerhalb Europas

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

87

7

2

0

3

0

1

82

10

2

0

6

0

0

BG

97

1

1

0

0

0

1

CZ

90

8

0

0

0

0

2

%

EB 73.3

EU 27

BE

DK

88

8

1

0

2

0

1

D-W

77

13

5

0

4

0

1

DE

79

12

4

0

3

0

2

D-E

85

8

2

0

1

1

3

EE

81

4

7

0

6

1

1

IE

90

9

0

0

1

0

0 1

EL

83

3

11

0

2

0

ES

89

5

1

0

5

0

0

FR

80

11

1

0

6

0

2

IT

98

1

0

0

1

0

0

CY

94

3

1

0

2

0

0

LV

74

6

10

0

5

1

4

LT

89

2

3

0

4

0

2

LU

46

47

3

0

2

0

2

HU

94

4

1

0

0

0

1

MT

95

4

0

0

1

0

0

NL

89

5

1

0

5

0

0

AT

77

14

4

0

1

0

4

PL

93

2

3

0

0

0

2

PT

96

1

0

0

3

0

0

RO

98

1

1

0

0

0

0

SI

85

3

10

0

1

0

1

SK

93

6

0

0

0

0

1

FI

91

1

5

0

3

0

0

SE

84

11

3

0

2

0

0

UK

79

8

1

1

9

0

2

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB4.5 Je vais maintenant vous poser quelques questions à propos de votre lieu de naissance et celui de votre famille. Votre grand-père maternel est né QB4.5 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. Your grandfather on your mother’s side was born in QB4.5 Ich werde Ihnen jetzt einige Fragen stellen, wo Sie und Ihre Familie geboren wurden. Wo wurde Ihr Großvater mütterlicherseits geboren?

En (NOTRE Dans un autre PAYS) ou un pays qui est endroit qui fait actuellement un maintenant Etat membre de partie de l’UE (NOTRE PAYS)

Dans un autre pays en Europe, Turquie incluse, mais pas un membre de l’UE

Aux Etats-Unis, au Canada, au Dans un autre Japon, en pays en dehors Refus (SPONTANE) Australie ou en de l’Europe Nouvelle Zélande

NSP

(OUR COUNTRY) or a Another country Another country in USA, Canada, that is today a Europe, including Refusal place that is Another country Japan, Australia outside Europe (SPONTANEOUS) member of the Turkey, but not a part of (OUR or New Zealand EU COUNTRY) member of the EU today

DK

In (UNSEREM LAND) oder an einem Ort, der heute zu (UNSEREM LAND) gehört

In einem anderen In einem europäischen Land, In den USA, anderen Land, einschließlich der Kanada, Japan, das heute Türkei, das aber Australien oder Mitglied in der nicht Mitglied in Neuseeland EU ist der EU ist EB 73.3

In einem anderen Land außerhalb Europas

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

%

EB 73.3

EU 27

86

7

2

0

3

0

2

BE

82

10

2

0

6

0

0

BG

97

2

1

0

0

0

0

CZ

91

7

0

0

0

0

2

EB 73.3

DK

89

7

1

0

2

0

1

D-W

76

13

5

0

4

0

2

DE

78

12

4

0

4

0

2

D-E

84

8

2

0

1

1

4

EE

79

4

8

0

5

1

3

IE

90

9

0

0

1

0

0

EL

83

3

12

0

1

0

1

ES

89

5

1

0

5

0

0

FR

79

12

1

0

5

0

3

IT

97

1

1

0

1

0

0

CY

95

3

0

0

2

0

0

LV

75

5

9

0

5

2

4

LT

89

2

3

0

4

0

2

LU

45

48

2

0

3

0

2

HU

94

4

1

0

0

0

1

MT

95

4

0

1

0

0

0

NL

91

4

0

0

4

0

1

AT

75

15

4

0

1

0

5

PL

92

2

2

0

0

0

4

PT

96

1

0

0

3

0

0

RO

98

1

1

0

0

0

0

SI

83

4

11

0

1

0

1

SK

93

6

0

0

0

0

1

FI

90

1

5

0

3

0

1

SE

83

12

2

0

2

0

1

UK

79

8

1

0

9

1

2

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB4.6 Je vais maintenant vous poser quelques questions à propos de votre lieu de naissance et celui de votre famille. Votre grand-mère paternelle est née QB4.6 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. Your grandmother on your father’s side was born in QB4.6 Ich werde Ihnen jetzt einige Fragen stellen, wo Sie und Ihre Familie geboren wurden. Wo wurde Ihre Großmutter väterlicherseits geboren?

En (NOTRE Aux Etats-Unis, Dans un autre PAYS) ou un Dans un autre pays au Canada, au Dans un autre pays qui est en Europe, Turquie endroit qui fait Japon, en pays en dehors Refus (SPONTANE) actuellement un incluse, mais pas Australie ou en maintenant de l’Europe Etat membre de un membre de l’UE partie de Nouvelle l’UE (NOTRE PAYS) Zélande

NSP

(OUR COUNTRY) or a Another country Another country in USA, Canada, that is today a Europe, including place that is Another country Japan, Australia outside Europe member of the Turkey, but not a part of (OUR or New Zealand EU COUNTRY) member of the EU today

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

In einem anderen Land außerhalb Europas

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

In (UNSEREM LAND) oder an einem Ort, der heute zu (UNSEREM LAND) gehört

In einem anderen In einem In den USA, europäischen Land, anderen Land, einschließlich der Kanada, Japan, das heute Türkei, das aber Australien oder Mitglied in der nicht Mitglied in Neuseeland EU ist der EU ist EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

86

6

2

0

4

0

2

81

10

2

0

6

0

1

BG

97

2

1

0

0

0

0

CZ

89

7

0

0

0

1

3

%

EB 73.3

EU 27

BE

DK

88

7

1

0

2

0

2

D-W

75

13

5

0

4

0

3

DE

77

12

4

0

4

0

3

D-E

83

8

2

0

1

1

5

EE

75

6

8

0

6

1

4

IE

90

8

1

0

1

0

0 1

EL

83

3

12

0

1

0

ES

88

5

0

1

6

0

0

FR

78

12

1

0

5

0

4

IT

98

1

0

0

1

0

0

CY

94

3

1

0

2

0

0

LV

71

4

11

0

5

2

7

LT

87

3

3

0

4

1

2

LU

48

44

3

0

3

0

2

HU

94

4

1

0

0

0

1

MT

96

4

0

0

0

0

0

NL

90

5

0

0

4

0

1

AT

76

13

3

0

2

0

6

PL

92

2

3

0

0

0

3

PT

96

1

0

0

2

0

1

RO

98

1

1

0

0

0

0

SI

84

3

11

0

1

0

1

SK

93

5

0

0

0

0

2

FI

92

1

4

0

2

0

1

SE

84

10

2

1

2

0

1

UK

79

7

0

1

9

1

3

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB4.7 Je vais maintenant vous poser quelques questions à propos de votre lieu de naissance et celui de votre famille. Votre grand-père paternel est né QB4.7 I am now going to ask you some questions about where you and your family were born. Your grandfather on your father’s side was born in QB4.7 Ich werde Ihnen jetzt einige Fragen stellen, wo Sie und Ihre Familie geboren wurden. Wo wurde Ihr Großvater väterlicherseits geboren?

En (NOTRE Dans un autre PAYS) ou un pays qui est endroit qui fait actuellement un maintenant Etat membre de partie de l’UE (NOTRE PAYS)

Dans un autre pays en Europe, Turquie incluse, mais pas un membre de l’UE

Aux Etats-Unis, au Canada, au Dans un autre Japon, en pays en dehors Australie ou en de l’Europe Nouvelle Zélande

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

(OUR COUNTRY) or a Another country that is today a place that is member of the part of (OUR EU COUNTRY) today

Another country in USA, Canada, Europe, including Another country Japan, Australia outside Europe Turkey, but not a or New Zealand member of the EU

In (UNSEREM LAND) oder an einem Ort, der heute zu (UNSEREM LAND) gehört

In einem anderen Land, das heute Mitglied in der EU ist

In einem anderen europäischen Land, einschließlich der Türkei, das aber nicht Mitglied in der EU ist

In den USA, Kanada, Japan, Australien oder Neuseeland

In einem anderen Land außerhalb Europas

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

86

7

2

0

3

0

2

BE

81

9

3

0

6

0

1

BG

97

2

1

0

0

0

0

CZ

89

7

1

0

0

0

3 2

DK

89

6

1

0

2

0

D-W

74

14

5

0

4

0

3

DE

76

12

4

0

4

0

4

D-E

82

8

2

0

1

1

6

EE

75

5

8

0

6

1

5

IE

90

9

0

0

1

0

0

EL

83

2

12

0

2

0

1

ES

89

5

1

0

5

0

0

FR

78

12

1

0

5

0

4

IT

98

1

0

0

1

0

0

CY

94

3

1

0

2

0

0

LV

68

5

10

0

6

2

9

LT

87

3

3

0

4

1

2

LU

49

43

3

0

3

0

2

HU

93

5

1

0

0

0

1

MT

96

3

0

0

0

0

1

NL

91

4

0

0

4

0

1

AT

74

14

4

0

2

0

6

PL

92

2

2

0

0

0

4

PT

97

1

0

0

2

0

0

RO

98

0

1

0

0

0

1

SI

84

3

11

0

1

0

1

SK

92

5

1

0

0

0

2 1

FI

91

1

5

0

2

0

SE

84

9

3

1

2

0

1

UK

80

7

0

1

9

0

3

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB5 Pourriez-vous me dire combien, parmi vos 4 grands-parents, sont nés citoyens(nes) de (NOTRE PAYS) ? QB5 Could you please tell me how many of your 4 grandparents were born as a citizen of (OUR COUNTRY)? QB5 Bitte sagen Sie mir, wie viele Ihrer 4 Großeltern als Bürger (UNSERES LANDES) geboren wurden.

1 grand-parent 2 grands-parents 3 grands-parents 4 grands-parents 1 grandparent

2 grandparents

3 grandparents

4 grandparents

1 Großelternteil 2 Großelternteile 3 Großelternteile 4 Großelternteile EB 73.3

EB 73.3

Aucun

NSP

None

DK

Keiner davon

WN

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

2

6

4

79

7

2

BE

2

7

4

76

11

0

BG

0

8

2

87

1

2

CZ

2

7

6

77

5

3

DK

1

7

8

78

6

0

D-W

1

9

3

72

12

3

DE

2

8

3

73

11

3

D-E

3

5

2

79

7

4

EE

3

12

7

66

9

3

IE

1

2

3

87

7

0

EL

1

5

3

81

9

1

ES

1

2

1

87

9

0

FR

3

10

8

69

8

2

IT

1

1

1

94

2

1

CY

0

4

2

90

4

0

LV

4

18

8

54

10

6 3

LT

2

6

4

79

6

LU

2

11

9

37

39

2

HU

0

3

3

91

2

1

MT

0

4

4

90

1

1

NL

1

4

6

84

5

0

AT

2

12

7

62

11

6

PL

2

19

3

68

3

5

PT

6

2

1

89

2

0

RO

1

2

2

93

1

1

SI

1

7

5

71

15

1

SK

1

6

5

81

5

2

FI

2

5

4

87

2

0

SE

3

7

8

73

9

0

UK

1

5

5

75

12

2

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.1 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous avez des parents proches (frères, sœurs, enfants, parents) qui vivent dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) QB6.1 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have close relatives (brothers, sisters, children, parents) who live in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.1 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie haben nahe Verwandte (Geschwister, Kinder, Eltern), die in einem anderen Land als in (UNSEREM LAND) leben

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Oui

Non

Yes

No

Ja

Nein

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

27

73

0

0

BE

26

74

0

0

BG

29

71

0

0

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) Spontan: Verweigert

DK WN

CZ

15

84

1

0

DK

26

74

0

0

D-W

32

68

0

0

DE

28

72

0

0

D-E

13

87

0

0

EE

37

62

0

1

IE

59

41

0

0

EL

29

71

0

0

ES

27

73

0

0

FR

22

78

0

0

IT

12

88

0

0

CY

55

45

0

0

LV

43

57

0

0

LT

47

53

0

0

LU

60

40

0

0

HU

17

83

0

0

MT

66

34

0

0

NL

27

73

0

0

AT

25

74

1

0

PL

33

67

0

0

PT

45

55

0

0

RO

36

63

1

0

SI

38

62

0

0

SK

32

68

0

0

FI

31

69

0

0

SE

29

71

0

0

UK

37

63

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.2 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous avez des amis proches qui vivent dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) QB6.2 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have close friends who live in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.2 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie haben enge Freunde, die in einem anderen Land als in (UNSEREM LAND) leben

Oui

Non

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Yes

No

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

Ja

Nein

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

40

60

0

0

BE

42

58

0

0

BG

51

49

0

0

CZ

33

66

1

0

DK

45

55

0

0

D-W

42

58

0

0

DE

38

62

0

0

D-E

23

77

0

0

EE

53

46

1

0

IE

68

32

0

0

EL

34

66

0

0

ES

37

63

0

0

FR

38

62

0

0

IT

23

77

0

0

CY

57

43

0

0

LV

61

39

0

0

LT

59

41

0

0

LU

72

28

0

0

HU

25

75

0

0

MT

53

47

0

0

NL

51

49

0

0

AT

39

61

0

0

PL

49

51

0

0

PT

49

50

0

1

RO

43

56

1

0

SI

50

50

0

0

SK

52

48

0

0

FI

43

57

0

0

SE

56

44

0

0

UK

45

55

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.3 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous avez des amis proches en (NOTRE PAYS) qui se sont installés ici venant d’un autre pays QB6.3 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have close friends in (OUR COUNTRY) who have moved here from abroad QB6.3 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie haben in (UNSEREM LAND) enge Freunde, die aus dem Ausland hierher gezogen sind

Oui

Non

Yes

No

Ja

Nein

%

EB 73.3

EU 27

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

EB 73.3

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) Spontan: Verweigert EB 73.3

EB 73.3

29

71

0

0

DK WN

BE

33

67

0

0

BG

10

90

0

0

CZ

18

81

1

0

DK

42

58

0

0

D-W

41

59

0

0

DE

37

63

0

0

D-E

23

77

0

0

EE

18

82

0

0 1

IE

42

57

0

EL

25

75

0

0

ES

41

59

0

0

FR

34

66

0

0

IT

17

83

0

0

CY

39

61

0

0

LV

17

83

0

0

LT

15

85

0

0

LU

69

31

0

0

HU

17

83

0

0

MT

32

68

0

0

NL

37

63

0

0

AT

39

60

1

0

PL

11

89

0

0

PT

29

70

0

1

RO

14

85

0

1

SI

42

58

0

0

SK

22

77

0

1

FI

27

73

0

0

SE

57

42

0

1

UK

33

67

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.4 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous vivez ou avez vécu avec un(e) partenaire d’une autre citoyenneté que la vôtre QB6.4 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You live or have lived with a partner of a different citizenship than your own QB6.4 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie leben oder haben mit einem Partner / einer Partnerin zusammengelebt, der / die eine andere Staatsbürgerschaft als Sie besitzt

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Oui

Non

Yes

No

Ja

Nein

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

8

92

0

0

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) Spontan: Verweigert

DK WN

BE

13

87

0

0

BG

1

99

0

0

CZ

3

97

0

0

DK

7

93

0

0

D-W

13

87

0

0 0

DE

11

89

0

D-E

5

95

0

0

EE

12

87

0

1

IE

11

88

0

1

EL

4

95

1

0

ES

13

87

0

0

FR

13

87

0

0

IT

4

96

0

0

CY

10

90

0

0

LV

11

87

1

1

LT

4

95

0

1

LU

32

66

0

2

HU

3

96

1

0

MT

7

92

1

0

NL

9

91

0

0

AT

10

89

1

0

PL

2

98

0

0

PT

5

95

0

0

RO

4

95

0

1

SI

6

94

0

0

SK

3

97

0

0

FI

5

95

0

0

SE

17

83

0

0

UK

8

91

0

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.5 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous parlez couramment au moins une autre langue que (LANGUE INTERVIEW) QB6.5 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You are fluent in at least one other language than (INTERVIEW LANGUAGE) QB6.5 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie beherrschen neben der (INTERVIEWSPRACHE) noch mindestens eine weitere Sprache fließend

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Oui

Non

Yes

No

Ja

Nein

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

34

66

0

0

BE

55

45

0

0

BG

38

61

0

1

CZ

33

67

0

0

DK

77

23

0

0

D-W

51

49

0

0

DE

45

55

0

0

D-E

26

74

0

0

EE

72

28

0

0

IE

18

82

0

0

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) Spontan: Verweigert

DK WN

EL

35

65

0

0

ES

34

66

0

0

FR

29

71

0

0

IT

18

82

0

0

CY

48

52

0

0

LV

87

13

0

0

LT

76

24

0

0

LU

96

4

0

0

HU

19

81

0

0

MT

86

14

0

0

NL

76

24

0

0

AT

41

59

0

0

PL

24

75

0

1

PT

30

70

0

0

RO

26

73

0

1

SI

65

35

0

0

SK

48

52

0

0

FI

59

41

0

0

SE

70

30

0

0

UK

20

80

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.6 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous avez travaillé (y compris comme volontaire ou stagiaire) pendant au moins trois mois consécutifs dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) QB6.6 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have worked (including volunteering and traineeships) for at least three consecutive months in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.6 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie haben für mindestens drei aufeinanderfolgende Monate in einem anderen Land als in (UNSEREM LAND) gearbeitet (einschließlich unentgeltlicher Arbeit und Praktika)

Oui

Non

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Yes

No

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

Ja

Nein

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

13

87

0

0

BE

11

89

0

0

BG

10

90

0

0

CZ

6

94

0

0

DK

22

78

0

0

D-W

14

86

0

0

DE

13

87

0

0

D-E

9

91

0

0

EE

12

88

0

0

IE

27

73

0

0

EL

12

88

0

0

ES

15

85

0

0

FR

13

87

0

0

IT

7

93

0

0

CY

17

83

0

0

LV

11

89

0

0

LT

14

86

0

0

LU

27

73

0

0

HU

9

91

0

0

MT

11

88

0

1

NL

18

82

0

0

AT

17

83

0

0

PL

10

90

0

0

PT

13

87

0

0

RO

8

91

0

1

SI

11

89

0

0

SK

15

85

0

0

FI

14

86

0

0

SE

23

77

0

0

UK

16

84

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.7 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous êtes allé(e) à l’école ou avez étudié pendant au moins un semestre dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) QB6.7 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have attended school or studied for at least half an academic year in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.7 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie haben für mindestens ein Semester eine Universität oder für mindestens ein Halbjahr eine Schule in einem anderen Land als in (UNSEREM LAND) besucht

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Oui

Non

Yes

No

Ja

Nein

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

8

92

0

0

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) Spontan: Verweigert

DK WN

BE

9

91

0

0

BG

2

98

0

0

CZ

3

97

0

0

DK

12

88

0

0

D-W

9

91

0

0

DE

8

92

0

0

D-E

5

95

0

0

EE

7

93

0

0

IE

15

85

0

0

EL

9

91

0

0

ES

14

86

0

0

FR

7

93

0

0

IT

4

96

0

0

CY

21

79

0

0

LV

3

97

0

0

LT

3

97

0

0

LU

46

54

0

0

HU

3

97

0

0

MT

6

94

0

0

NL

12

88

0

0

AT

8

91

1

0

PL

2

98

0

0

PT

5

95

0

0

RO

1

98

0

1

SI

9

91

0

0

SK

3

97

0

0

FI

10

90

0

0

SE

16

84

0

0

UK

13

87

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.8 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous avez vécu dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) pendant au moins trois mois consécutifs pour des raisons autres que pour y faire des études ou y travailler QB6.8 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You have lived for reasons other than study or work for at least three consecutive months in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.8 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie haben aus einem anderen Grund als Arbeit, Studium oder Schule für mindestens drei aufeinanderfolgende Monate in einem anderen Land als in (UNSEREM LAND) gelebt Refus (SPONTANE) Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) Spontan: Verweigert

NSP

Oui

Non

Yes

No

Ja

Nein

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

10

90

0

0

BE

12

88

0

0

BG

3

97

0

0

DK WN

CZ

3

97

0

0

DK

17

83

0

0

D-W

12

88

0

0

DE

11

89

0

0

D-E

7

93

0

0

EE

11

89

0

0

IE

18

82

0

0

EL

9

91

0

0

ES

17

83

0

0

FR

12

88

0

0

IT

5

95

0

0

CY

15

85

0

0

LV

9

91

0

0

LT

7

93

0

0 0

LU

34

66

0

HU

4

96

0

0

MT

10

90

0

0

NL

15

85

0

0

AT

11

88

1

0

PL

4

96

0

0

PT

7

93

0

0

RO

5

95

0

0

SI

10

90

0

0

SK

5

95

0

0

FI

13

87

0

0

SE

20

80

0

0

UK

15

85

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.9 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous possédez un(des) bien(s) immobilier(s) dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) (sauf timesharing) QB6.9 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You own real property/ properties in another country than (OUR COUNTRY) (not timesharing) QB6.9 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie besitzen in einem anderen Land als in (UNSEREM LAND) Grundstücke oder Immobilien (kein Teilzeit- / Ferienwohnrecht)

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Oui

Non

Yes

No

Ja

Nein

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

3

96

1

0

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) Spontan: Verweigert

DK WN

BE

5

95

0

0

BG

1

99

0

0

CZ

1

99

0

0

DK

3

97

0

0

D-W

4

95

1

0

DE

4

95

1

0

D-E

2

97

1

0

EE

2

98

0

0

IE

4

96

0

0

EL

3

97

0

0

ES

7

92

1

0

FR

4

96

0

0

IT

2

98

0

0

CY

5

95

0

0

LV

1

99

0

0

LT

1

99

0

0

LU

13

84

1

2

HU

1

99

0

0

MT

1

99

0

0

NL

4

96

0

0

AT

5

94

1

0

PL

1

99

0

0

PT

2

98

0

0

RO

0

99

0

1

SI

6

94

0

0

SK

1

99

0

0

FI

2

98

0

0

SE

2

98

0

0

UK

5

94

1

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.10 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous passez régulièrement vos vacances/ week-ends dans un pays en particulier autre que (NOTRE PAYS) QB6.10 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You regularly spend your holidays/weekends in one particular country other than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.10 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie verbringen regelmäßig Ihren Urlaub / Ihre Wochenenden in einem anderen Land als in (UNSEREM LAND)

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Oui

Non

Yes

No

Ja

Nein

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

22

78

0

0

BE

48

52

0

0

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) Spontan: Verweigert

DK WN

BG

1

99

0

0

CZ

16

84

0

0

DK

39

61

0

0

D-W

41

59

0

0

DE

38

62

0

0

D-E

26

73

1

0

EE

9

91

0

0

IE

29

71

0

0

EL

4

96

0

0

ES

13

86

1

0

FR

22

78

0

0

IT

10

90

0

0

CY

9

91

0

0

LV

4

96

0

0

LT

8

92

0

0

LU

78

22

0

0

HU

3

97

0

0

MT

20

80

0

0

NL

51

49

0

0

AT

43

56

1

0

PL

4

95

0

1

PT

6

94

0

0

RO

5

94

0

1

SI

45

55

0

0

SK

22

78

0

0

FI

13

87

0

0

SE

26

74

0

0

UK

33

67

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.11 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. Vous suivez régulièrement l’actualité, la vie culturelle ou le sport dans un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) QB6.11 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.11 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie verfolgen regelmäßig die Nachrichten, das kulturelle Leben oder die Sportereignisse in einem anderen Land als in (UNSEREM LAND)

Oui

Non

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Yes

No

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

Ja

Nein

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

34

65

0

1

BE

55

45

0

0

BG

24

76

0

0

CZ

29

71

0

0

DK

51

49

0

0

D-W

41

59

0

0

DE

39

61

0

0

D-E

35

65

0

0

EE

42

57

0

1

IE

53

47

0

0

EL

27

73

0

0

ES

36

64

0

0

FR

39

61

0

0

IT

21

78

0

1

CY

59

41

0

0

LV

49

51

0

0

LT

37

63

0

0

LU

84

16

0

0

HU

43

56

0

1

MT

81

19

0

0

NL

68

32

0

0

AT

36

64

0

0

PL

17

82

0

1

PT

38

62

0

0

RO

20

79

0

1

SI

36

64

0

0

SK

42

58

0

0

FI

25

75

0

0

SE

42

58

0

0

UK

35

65

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB6.12 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, veuillez me dire si elle s’applique à vous ou pas. A la maison, vous mangez régulièrement des plats qui sont typiques d’un pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) QB6.12 For each of these next statements, please tell me if it applies to you or not. You regularly eat food at home that is typical of another country than (OUR COUNTRY) QB6.12 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der nachfolgenden Aussagen, ob diese auf Sie zutrifft oder nicht. Sie essen zu Hause regelmäßig Nahrungsmittel, die typisch für ein anderes Land als für (UNSER LAND) sind Refus (SPONTANE) Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) Spontan: Verweigert

Oui

Non

Yes

No

Ja

Nein

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

36

63

0

1 0

NSP DK WN

BE

55

45

0

BG

5

94

0

1

CZ

28

71

0

1

DK

61

38

0

1

D-W

48

52

0

0

DE

45

54

0

1

D-E

36

64

0

0

EE

17

81

1

1

IE

52

48

0

0

EL

14

86

0

0

ES

28

72

0

0

FR

51

49

0

0

IT

8

92

0

0

CY

24

76

0

0

LV

23

75

1

1

LT

13

86

0

1

LU

80

20

0

0

HU

25

75

0

0

MT

42

58

0

0

NL

81

19

0

0

AT

39

60

0

1

PL

12

86

0

2

PT

24

75

0

1

RO

16

81

0

3

SI

26

73

0

1

SK

31

68

0

1

FI

28

71

1

0

SE

50

49

0

1

UK

66

34

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB7a Quelle(s) est(sont) votre(vos) langue(s) maternelle(s) ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB7a What is(are) your mother tongue(s)? (DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB7a Welche Sprache ist Ihre Muttersprache / welche Sprachen sind Ihre Muttersprachen? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

1/5

Allemand

Anglais

Arabe

Bulgare

Catalan

Chinois

Danois

German

English

Arabic

Bulgarian

Catalan

Chinese

Danish

Deutsch

Englisch

Arabisch

Bulgarisch

Katalanisch

Chinesisch

Dänisch

%

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EU 27

16

-2

13

0

1

1

2

2

1

0

0

0

1

0

BE

1

1

2

2

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

BG

0

0

0

0

0

0

90

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CZ

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

DK

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

96

-1

D-W

87

-1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

DE

89

-1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

D-E

94

-3

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

IE

0

0

94

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 0

EL

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

ES

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

7

-2

0

0

0

0

FR

0

0

1

0

2

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

IT

0

-2

1

-1

0

-1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CY

0

0

2

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LV

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LT

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LU

8

4

2

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

HU

0

-1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

MT

0

0

5

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

NL

3

2

3

2

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

AT

95

-1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

PL

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

PT

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

RO

0

-1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SI

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SK

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

FI

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SE

1

0

2

2

0

-1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-1

UK

1

1

88

-5

0

-1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB7a Quelle(s) est(sont) votre(vos) langue(s) maternelle(s) ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB7a What is(are) your mother tongue(s)? (DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB7a Welche Sprache ist Ihre Muttersprache / welche Sprachen sind Ihre Muttersprachen? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

2/5

Espagnol

Estonien

Finnois

Français

Grec

Hongrois

Italien

Spanish

Estonian

Finnish

French

Greek

Hungarian

Italian

Spanisch

Estnisch

Finnisch

Französisch

Griechisch

Ungarisch

Italienisch

%

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EU 27

9

0

0

0

1

0

12

0

2

-1

3

1

13

0

BE

0

-1

0

0

0

0

39

1

0

0

0

0

3

1

BG

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CZ

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

DK

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

D-W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

DE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

D-E

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EE

0

0

83

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

IE

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

97

-2

0

0

0

0

ES

87

-2

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

-1

FR

1

0

0

0

0

0

93

0

0

0

0

0

1

-1

IT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

98

3

CY

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

96

-2

0

0

0

0

LV

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LU

1

0

0

0

0

0

16

10

0

0

0

0

7

6

HU

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

99

-1

0

0

MT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

NL

1

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

AT

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

PL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

PT

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

RO

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

7

2

0

0

SI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SK

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

8

-2

0

0

FI

0

0

0

0

94

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SE

1

1

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

UK

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB7a Quelle(s) est(sont) votre(vos) langue(s) maternelle(s) ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB7a What is(are) your mother tongue(s)? (DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB7a Welche Sprache ist Ihre Muttersprache / welche Sprachen sind Ihre Muttersprachen? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

Letton

Lituanien

Luxembourgeoi s

Maltais

Néerlandais

Polonais

Portugais

Latvian

Lithuanian

Luxembourgish

Maltese

Dutch

Polish

Portuguese

Lettisch

Litauisch

Luxemburgisch

Maltesisch

Niederländisch

Polnisch

Portugiesisch

3/5

%

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EU 27

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

4

-1

8

-1

2

0

BE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

54

-2

0

-1

0

0

BG

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CZ

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

DK

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

D-W

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

1

0

0

DE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

1

0

0

D-E

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

IE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

2

0

0 0

EL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ES

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

FR

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

1

IT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CY

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LV

71

-2

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

LT

0

0

86

-2

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

0

0

0

LU

0

0

0

0

60

-17

0

0

1

0

1

1

14

5

HU

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

MT

0

0

0

0

1

1

96

-1

0

0

0

0

0

0

NL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

95

-1

0

0

0

0

AT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

PL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

98

0

0

0

PT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

95

-5

RO

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

SI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SK

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

FI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

UK

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB7a Quelle(s) est(sont) votre(vos) langue(s) maternelle(s) ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB7a What is(are) your mother tongue(s)? (DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB7a Welche Sprache ist Ihre Muttersprache / welche Sprachen sind Ihre Muttersprachen? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

4/5

Roumain

Russe

Slovaque

Slovène

Suédois

Tchèque

Turc

Romanian

Russian

Slovak

Slovenian

Swedish

Czech

Turkish

Rumänisch

Russisch

Slowakisch

Slowenisch

Schwedisch

Tschechisch

Türkisch

%

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EU 27

4

4

1

0

1

0

0

-1

2

0

2

0

1

1

BE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

BG

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

7

-1

CZ

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

96

-2

0

0

DK

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

D-W

0

0

3

-1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

0

DE

0

0

3

-1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

D-E

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

EE

0

0

16

-1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

IE

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-1

0

0 0

EL

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ES

2

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

FR

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

IT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CY

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LV

0

0

28

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LT

0

0

8

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LU

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

HU

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

MT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

NL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

AT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

PL

0

-1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

PT

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

RO

91

-4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SI

0

0

0

0

0

0

89

-6

0

0

0

0

0

0

SK

0

0

0

-1

90

2

0

-1

0

0

1

0

0

0

FI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

-1

0

0

0

0

SE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

93

-2

0

0

0

0

UK

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB7a Quelle(s) est(sont) votre(vos) langue(s) maternelle(s) ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB7a What is(are) your mother tongue(s)? (DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB7a Welche Sprache ist Ihre Muttersprache / welche Sprachen sind Ihre Muttersprachen? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

5/5

% EU 27

Autre (SPECIFIER) Other (SPECIFY) Sonstige (BITTE ANGEBEN) Diff. EB EB 73.3 64.3 2

2

Aucune

NSP

None

DK

Keine

WN

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 64.3

0

0

1

-1

BE

2

1

0

0

1

1

BG

2

1

0

0

0

-1

CZ

0

0

0

0

1

1

DK

1

0

0

0

0

0

D-W

1

0

0

0

1

0

DE

1

0

0

0

1

0

D-E

0

0

0

0

2

2

EE

1

0

0

0

0

0

IE

1

1

0

0

0

-3

EL

0

0

0

0

0

0

ES

4

4

0

0

1

-4

FR

3

2

0

0

1

0

IT

0

0

0

0

0

-1

CY

0

-1

0

0

0

0

LV

1

0

0

0

0

0

LT

0

0

0

0

2

2

LU

2

2

0

0

0

0

HU

0

0

0

0

1

1

MT

0

0

0

0

0

0

NL

2

1

0

0

0

-2

AT

1

1

0

0

0

-1

PL

0

0

0

0

0

-1

PT

0

0

0

0

2

2

RO

1

1

0

0

0

-1

SI

9

8

0

0

0

-3

SK

0

0

0

0

1

0

FI

1

1

0

0

0

0

SE

2

1

0

0

0

0

UK

6

5

0

0

2

-2

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB7b Et quelle(s) autre(s) langue(s) parlez-vous suffisamment bien pour pouvoir avoir une conversation ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB7b And what other language(s) do you speak well enough to be able to have a conversation? (DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB7b Und welche andere(n) Sprache(n) beherrschen Sie gut genug, um sich in dieser Sprache unterhalten können? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

Allemand

Anglais

Arabe

Bulgare

Catalan

Chinois

Danois

German

English

Arabic

Bulgarian

Catalan

Chinese

Danish

Deutsch

Englisch

Arabisch

Bulgarisch

Katalanisch

Chinesisch

Dänisch

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

9

31

0

0

1

0

0

1/5

BE

16

43

1

0

0

0

0

BG

4

15

0

10

0

0

0

CZ

17

22

0

0

0

0

0

DK

39

81

0

0

0

0

3

D-W

10

52

0

0

0

0

0

DE

8

47

0

0

0

0

0

D-E

3

31

0

0

0

0

0

EE

10

41

0

0

0

0

0

IE

3

5

0

0

0

0

0

EL

6

41

0

0

0

0

0

ES

2

20

0

0

7

0

0

FR

6

32

0

0

0

0

0

IT

3

22

0

0

0

0

0

CY

2

57

1

0

0

0

0

LV

10

35

0

0

0

0

0

LT

8

29

0

0

0

0

0

LU

66

54

0

0

0

0

1

HU

17

15

0

0

0

0

0

MT

4

83

1

0

0

0

0

NL

60

84

0

0

0

0

0

AT

4

49

0

0

0

0

0

PL

8

22

0

0

0

0

0

PT

2

24

0

0

0

0

0

RO

3

20

0

0

0

0

0

SI

27

46

0

0

0

0

0

SK

19

24

0

0

0

0

0

FI

13

63

0

0

0

0

0

SE

25

86

1

0

0

0

6

UK

6

7

1

0

0

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB7b Et quelle(s) autre(s) langue(s) parlez-vous suffisamment bien pour pouvoir avoir une conversation ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB7b And what other language(s) do you speak well enough to be able to have a conversation? (DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB7b Und welche andere(n) Sprache(n) beherrschen Sie gut genug, um sich in dieser Sprache unterhalten können? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

Espagnol

Estonien

Finnois

Français

Grec

Hongrois

Italien

Spanish

Estonian

Finnish

French

Greek

Hungarian

Italian

Spanisch

Estnisch

Finnisch

Französisch

Griechisch

Ungarisch

Italienisch

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

4

0

0

8

0

0

2

2/5

BE

3

0

0

34

0

0

2

BG

0

0

0

2

2

0

1

CZ

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

DK

4

0

0

6

0

0

0

D-W

3

0

0

11

0

0

2

DE

3

0

0

10

0

0

2

D-E

1

0

0

5

0

0

1

EE

1

10

14

1

0

0

0

IE

1

0

0

8

0

0

1

EL

1

0

0

3

2

0

2

ES

11

0

0

7

0

0

3

FR

10

0

0

3

0

0

3

IT

2

0

0

6

0

0

1

CY

1

0

0

3

3

0

1

LV

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LT

1

0

0

2

0

0

0

LU

9

0

1

80

1

0

11

HU

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

MT

0

0

0

10

0

0

41

NL

6

0

0

23

0

0

3

AT

3

0

0

8

0

0

4

PL

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

PT

7

0

0

9

0

0

1

RO

3

0

0

7

0

3

3

SI

1

0

0

1

0

0

8

SK

0

0

0

1

0

7

0

FI

2

1

4

3

0

0

1

SE

8

0

1

10

0

0

2

UK

5

0

0

13

0

0

2

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB7b Et quelle(s) autre(s) langue(s) parlez-vous suffisamment bien pour pouvoir avoir une conversation ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB7b And what other language(s) do you speak well enough to be able to have a conversation? (DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB7b Und welche andere(n) Sprache(n) beherrschen Sie gut genug, um sich in dieser Sprache unterhalten können? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

Letton

Lituanien

Luxembourgeoi s

Maltais

Néerlandais

Polonais

Portugais

Latvian

Lithuanian

Luxembourgish

Maltese

Dutch

Polish

Portuguese

Lettisch

Litauisch

Luxemburgisch

Maltesisch

Niederländisch

Polnisch

Portugiesisch

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

3/5

BE

0

0

0

0

10

0

1

BG

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CZ

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

DK

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

D-W

0

0

0

0

2

2

0

DE

0

0

0

0

1

2

0

D-E

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

EE

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

IE

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

EL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ES

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

FR

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

IT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CY

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

LV

22

3

0

0

0

1

0

LT

1

10

0

0

0

11

0

LU

0

0

17

0

2

0

5

HU

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

MT

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

NL

0

0

0

0

3

1

1

AT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

PL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

PT

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

RO

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SK

0

0

0

0

0

3

0

FI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SE

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

UK

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB7b Et quelle(s) autre(s) langue(s) parlez-vous suffisamment bien pour pouvoir avoir une conversation ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB7b And what other language(s) do you speak well enough to be able to have a conversation? (DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB7b Und welche andere(n) Sprache(n) beherrschen Sie gut genug, um sich in dieser Sprache unterhalten können? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

Roumain

Russe

Slovaque

Slovène

Suédois

Tchèque

Turc

Romanian

Russian

Slovak

Slovenian

Swedish

Czech

Turkish

Rumänisch

Russisch

Slowakisch

Slowenisch

Schwedisch

Tschechisch

Türkisch

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

0

3

0

0

1

1

0

4/5

BE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

BG

0

10

0

0

0

0

1

CZ

0

8

10

0

0

2

0

DK

0

0

0

0

6

0

0

D-W

0

2

0

0

0

0

1

DE

0

3

0

0

0

0

1

D-E

0

6

0

0

0

1

0

EE

0

56

0

0

1

0

0

IE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EL

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

ES

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

FR

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

IT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CY

0

2

0

0

0

0

1

LV

0

64

0

0

0

0

0

LT

0

68

0

0

0

0

0

LU

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

HU

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

MT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

NL

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

AT

1

1

0

1

0

0

0

PL

0

11

0

0

0

0

0

PT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

RO

5

1

0

0

0

0

0

SI

0

1

0

6

0

0

0

SK

0

12

8

0

0

32

1

FI

0

1

0

0

34

0

0

SE

0

1

0

0

3

0

0

UK

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB7b Et quelle(s) autre(s) langue(s) parlez-vous suffisamment bien pour pouvoir avoir une conversation ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB7b And what other language(s) do you speak well enough to be able to have a conversation? (DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB7b Und welche andere(n) Sprache(n) beherrschen Sie gut genug, um sich in dieser Sprache unterhalten können? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

5/5

%

Autre (SPECIFIER) Other (SPECIFY) Sonstige (BITTE ANGEBEN) EB 73.3

Aucune

NSP

None

DK

Keine

WN

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

2

52

3

BE

1

36

2

BG

1

61

1

CZ

0

50

2

DK

4

14

0

D-W

1

35

0

DE

1

41

1

D-E

1

61

2

EE

1

12

6

IE

9

73

2

EL

1

49

2

ES

3

59

1

FR

2

55

3

IT

0

70

1

CY

1

37

0

LV

1

8

1

LT

1

14

1

LU

1

4

0

HU

1

65

2

MT

0

10

1

NL

3

9

0

AT

1

45

0

PL

1

52

11

PT

0

61

4

RO

0

54

10

SI

27

23

1

SK

0

29

1

FI

1

31

0

SE

5

10

0

UK

3

68

3

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB8 Quelle est la probabilité pour que dans les dix prochaines années vous déménagiez dans un autre pays pour y vivre ? QB8 How likely do you think it is that you will move to another country within the next ten years, to live there? QB8 Für wie wahrscheinlich halten Sie es, dass Sie in den kommenden zehn Jahren in ein anderes Land ziehen werden, um dort zu leben? Plutôt pas probable

Pas du tout probable

NSP

Total 'Pas probable' Total 'Not Total 'Likely' likely' Gesamt Gesamt 'Nicht 'Wahrscheinlich wahrscheinlich' ' EB EB 73.3 73.3

Très probable

Plutôt probable

Very likely

Fairly likely

Not very likely Not at all likely

DK

Sehr wahrscheinlich

Ziemlich wahrscheinlich

Nicht sehr Überhaupt nicht wahrscheinlich wahrscheinlich

WN

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

3

8

20

66

3

11

86

BE

3

10

22

63

2

13

85

BG

3

6

18

66

7

9

84

CZ

1

3

15

80

1

4

95

DK

4

13

26

57

0

17

83

D-W

3

5

19

70

3

8

89

Total 'Probable'

DE

3

5

19

71

2

8

90

D-E

2

4

20

73

1

6

93

EE

4

11

30

55

0

15

85

IE

6

12

13

62

7

18

75

EL

2

6

18

72

2

8

90

ES

3

10

16

67

4

13

83

FR

4

11

20

64

1

15

84

IT

2

4

15

76

3

6

91

CY

6

8

9

75

2

14

84

LV

12

22

26

37

3

34

63

LT

7

17

25

50

1

24

75

LU

7

13

26

54

0

20

80

HU

1

6

17

74

2

7

91

MT

4

10

13

69

4

14

82

NL

3

8

21

67

1

11

88

AT

1

8

24

64

3

9

88 87

PL

2

7

24

63

4

9

PT

2

8

21

65

4

10

86

RO

3

7

12

70

8

10

82

SI

2

7

22

67

2

9

89

SK

1

8

21

68

2

9

89

FI

2

8

30

58

2

10

88

SE

4

13

31

51

1

17

82

UK

4

12

26

56

2

16

82

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB9 Et si vous deviez déménager, où est-ce que ça serait ? QB9 And if you were to move, where would it be to? QB9 Und falls Sie umziehen würden, wohin würden Sie ziehen?

Aux Etats-Unis, au Canada, au Un autre pays en Japon, en Australie ou en dehors de l’Europe Nouvelle Zélande

NSP

USA, Canada, Japan, Australia or New Zealand

Another country outside Europe

DK

In ein anderes europäisches Land, USA, Kanada, In ein anderes einschließlich der Japan, Australien Land, das derzeit Türkei, das aber Mitglied der EU ist oder Neuseeland derzeit kein EUMitgliedstaat ist

In ein anderes Land außerhalb Europas

WN

Un autre pays qui Un autre pays en Europe, Turquie est actuellement incluse, mais pas un Etat membre un membre de l’UE de l’UE

Another country that is today a member of the EU

Another country in Europe, including Turkey, but not a member of the EU

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

50

7

22

14

7

BE

64

12

9

13

2

BG

66

9

13

3

9

CZ

61

2

30

7

0

DK

47

6

33

10

4

D-W

44

11

23

14

8

DE

44

11

22

13

10

D-E

45

8

20

9

18

EE

64

10

11

9

6

IE

55

2

36

2

5

EL

78

7

7

5

3

ES

48

6

18

22

6

FR

37

6

29

21

7

IT

43

18

22

10

7

CY

70

4

12

11

3

LV

70

5

11

8

6

LT

74

6

7

5

8

LU

69

11

3

9

8

HU

69

8

17

4

2

MT

62

5

22

5

6

NL

49

8

12

27

4

AT

54

11

15

9

11

PL

66

8

7

5

14

PT

59

12

10

15

4

RO

81

4

7

1

7

SI

46

17

23

11

3

SK

70

1

19

0

10

FI

59

14

12

15

0

SE

45

9

28

14

4

UK

42

1

37

15

5

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10a A quel pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) vous sentez vous le plus attaché(e) ? En premier ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE) QB10a Which country other than (OUR COUNTRY) do you feel the most attached to? Firstly? (DO NOT SHOW CARD) QB10a Welchem anderen Land als (UNSEREM LAND) fühlen Sie sich am meisten verbunden? Erstens?

Autriche

Belgique

Bulgarie

République tchèque

Danemark

Finlande

France

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Österreich

Belgien

Bulgarien

Tschechische Republik

Dänemark

Finnland

Frankreich

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

3

1

0

1

1

0

5

BE

2

0

0

0

0

0

28

BG

1

0

0

1

0

0

2

CZ

3

0

1

0

1

0

3

1/5

DK

2

0

0

0

0

0

3

D-W

12

0

0

0

3

0

6 6

DE

12

0

0

1

3

0

D-E

10

0

0

3

1

0

3

EE

0

0

0

0

1

16

0

IE

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

EL

0

1

2

0

0

0

4

ES

0

0

1

0

0

0

9

FR

0

3

0

0

0

0

0

IT

1

1

0

0

0

0

6

CY

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

LV

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

LT

0

0

0

0

1

0

1 28

LU

2

7

0

0

1

1

HU

11

1

0

0

1

1

3

MT

2

0

0

0

0

0

1

NL

3

9

0

0

2

0

11

AT

0

0

0

1

0

0

2

PL

2

0

0

1

0

0

2

PT

0

1

0

0

0

0

10

RO

1

0

0

0

0

0

5

SI

7

0

0

0

0

0

1

SK

2

0

1

39

0

0

0

FI

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

SE

2

0

0

0

7

4

5

UK

0

0

0

0

0

0

6

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10a A quel pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) vous sentez vous le plus attaché(e) ? En premier ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE) QB10a Which country other than (OUR COUNTRY) do you feel the most attached to? Firstly? (DO NOT SHOW CARD) QB10a Welchem anderen Land als (UNSEREM LAND) fühlen Sie sich am meisten verbunden? Erstens?

Allemagne

Grèce

Hongrie

Irlande

Italie

Pologne

Portugal

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Poland

Portugal

Deutschland

Griechenland

Ungarn

Irland

Italien

Polen

Portugal

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

4

1

1

1

5

1

1

BE

3

2

0

0

8

0

1

BG

5

4

0

0

3

0

0

CZ

6

2

0

1

2

3

0

2/5

DK

9

3

0

0

4

1

0

D-W

0

2

1

1

7

4

1

DE

0

2

1

1

6

3

0

D-E

0

2

3

1

3

1

0

EE

3

1

0

0

1

0

0

IE

3

0

0

0

1

3

1

EL

9

0

0

0

6

0

0

ES

2

0

0

1

6

0

4

FR

4

0

0

2

10

1

3

IT

2

1

0

1

0

0

0

CY

1

52

0

0

1

0

0

LV

4

0

0

1

1

0

0

LT

5

0

0

4

1

4

0

LU

11

0

0

1

8

1

12

HU

10

5

0

1

6

1

0

MT

2

0

1

1

21

0

0

NL

11

2

0

1

6

0

1

AT

14

3

2

1

11

1

1

PL

7

1

0

1

3

0

0

PT

2

0

0

0

1

0

0

RO

6

1

5

0

9

0

1

SI

4

1

0

0

4

0

0

SK

2

1

6

1

1

1

0

FI

4

2

0

1

1

0

0

SE

4

5

0

1

6

0

1

UK

4

1

0

4

2

1

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10a A quel pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) vous sentez vous le plus attaché(e) ? En premier ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE) QB10a Which country other than (OUR COUNTRY) do you feel the most attached to? Firstly? (DO NOT SHOW CARD) QB10a Welchem anderen Land als (UNSEREM LAND) fühlen Sie sich am meisten verbunden? Erstens?

Pays-Bas

Royaume-Uni

Etats-Unis

Roumanie

Slovaquie

Espagne

Suède

Romania

Slovakia

Spain

Sweden

Rumänien

Slowakei

Spanien

Schweden

Niederlande

Vereinigtes Königreich

Vereinigte Staaten

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

1

1

5

1

1

3

3

BE

0

0

7

0

6

2

2

BG

0

0

4

0

0

4

3

CZ

0

34

1

0

1

4

1

3/5

The Netherlands United Kingdom

United States

DK

0

0

5

12

1

7

5

D-W

0

0

5

2

4

3

2

DE

0

0

5

2

3

2

2

D-E

0

0

4

2

0

1

2

EE

0

0

1

3

0

3

1

IE

0

0

6

0

0

21

9

EL

1

0

2

1

1

3

2

ES

2

0

0

0

1

4

3

FR

0

0

12

1

1

3

2

IT

0

0

6

0

1

4

5

CY

1

0

1

0

0

10

2

LV

0

0

1

1

1

5

2

LT

0

0

2

1

0

9

2

LU

1

0

3

0

1

1

2

HU

2

1

3

1

2

3

3

MT

0

0

1

0

0

32

3

NL

0

0

5

2

0

6

3

AT

1

1

2

1

1

2

3

PL

0

1

2

1

2

5

2

PT

0

0

8

0

1

4

2

RO

0

0

5

1

1

2

2

SI

0

0

1

1

0

1

1

SK

0

0

1

0

0

2

2

FI

0

0

3

19

0

3

4

SE

0

0

6

0

1

8

6

UK

0

0

8

0

1

0

7

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10a A quel pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) vous sentez vous le plus attaché(e) ? En premier ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE) QB10a Which country other than (OUR COUNTRY) do you feel the most attached to? Firstly? (DO NOT SHOW CARD) QB10a Welchem anderen Land als (UNSEREM LAND) fühlen Sie sich am meisten verbunden? Erstens?

Israël

Maroc

Algérie

Albanie

Russie

Chine

Turquie

Israël

Morocco

Algeria

Albania

Russia

China

Turkey

Israel

Marokko

Algerien

Albanien

Russland

China

Türkei

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

0

1

0

0

1

0

1

BE

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

BG

0

0

0

0

8

0

4

CZ

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

4/5

DK

0

0

0

0

0

1

2

D-W

0

0

0

0

3

0

3

DE

0

0

0

0

3

0

3

D-E

1

0

0

0

3

0

1

EE

0

0

0

0

8

0

0

IE

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

EL

0

0

0

0

2

0

1

ES

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

FR

1

2

1

0

0

0

0

IT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CY

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

LV

0

0

0

0

9

0

0

LT

0

0

0

0

9

0

0

LU

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

HU

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

MT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

NL

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

AT

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

PL

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

PT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

RO

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

SI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SK

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

FI

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

SE

0

0

0

0

0

1

2

UK

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10a A quel pays autre que (NOTRE PAYS) vous sentez vous le plus attaché(e) ? En premier ? (NE PAS MONTRER QB10a Which country other than (OUR COUNTRY) do you feel the most attached to? Firstly? (DO NOT SHOW CARD) QB10a Welchem anderen Land als (UNSEREM LAND) fühlen Sie sich am meisten verbunden? Erstens?

Autre (SPECIFIER)

Aucun

NSP

Other (SPECIFY)

None

DK

Sonstige (BITTE ANGEBEN)

Keine

WN

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

8

44

5

BE

6

29

2

BG

3

55

3

CZ

2

28

6

5/5

DK

14

29

2

D-W

8

29

4 4

DE

7

34

D-E

5

49

5

EE

6

34

22

IE

6

41

4

EL

5

57

3

ES

11

54

1

FR

11

32

11

IT

3

62

7

CY

6

23

0

LV

5

61

7

LT

5

51

5

LU

4

15

1

HU

4

38

3

MT

13

21

2

NL

14

20

1

AT

5

44

3

PL

4

58

7

PT

9

53

9

RO

2

52

6

SI

18

59

2

SK

2

29

9

FI

8

47

5

SE

23

17

1

UK

15

44

4

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10b Et en second ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE) QB10b And secondly? (DO NOT SHOW CARD) QB10b Und zweitens?

Autriche

Belgique

Bulgarie

République tchèque

Danemark

Finlande

France

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Österreich

Belgien

Bulgarien

Tschechische Republik

Dänemark

Finnland

Frankreich

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

2

1

0

0

1

0

3

BE

1

0

0

0

0

0

10

BG

0

1

0

0

0

0

2

CZ

4

0

0

0

0

0

3

1/5

DK

1

0

0

0

0

0

2

D-W

5

0

0

1

2

0

4

DE

5

0

0

1

2

0

3

D-E

3

0

0

2

1

1

1

EE

0

0

0

0

0

3

1

IE

0

0

0

0

1

0

4

EL

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

ES

0

1

0

0

0

0

4

FR

1

2

0

0

0

0

0

IT

1

0

0

0

0

0

3

CY

0

0

1

0

0

0

1

LV

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

LT

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

LU

2

7

0

0

0

0

13

HU

5

0

0

1

1

1

4

MT

1

0

0

0

0

0

2

NL

3

6

0

1

2

0

8

AT

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

PL

0

1

1

1

0

0

3

PT

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

RO

1

0

0

0

0

0

3

SI

3

0

0

0

0

0

1

SK

3

0

1

5

1

0

1

FI

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

SE

2

0

0

0

6

2

4

UK

1

1

0

0

0

0

3

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10b Et en second ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE) QB10b And secondly? (DO NOT SHOW CARD) QB10b Und zweitens?

Allemagne

Grèce

Hongrie

Irlande

Italie

Pologne

Portugal

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Poland

Portugal

Deutschland

Griechenland

Ungarn

Irland

Italien

Polen

Portugal

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

2

1

0

1

3

0

1

BE

4

1

0

0

6

0

1

BG

2

2

0

0

2

0

0

CZ

4

2

1

0

3

5

0

2/5

DK

6

3

0

0

3

0

0

D-W

0

2

0

0

6

0

1

DE

0

2

0

0

5

0

1

D-E

0

1

1

0

2

0

0

EE

3

0

0

0

1

0

0

IE

2

1

0

0

2

1

0

EL

2

0

0

0

2

0

0

ES

2

0

0

0

3

0

2

FR

2

0

0

1

3

0

0

IT

1

2

0

0

0

0

0

CY

2

8

0

0

1

0

0

LV

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

LT

3

0

0

3

1

2

0

LU

11

1

0

1

6

0

2

HU

8

3

0

0

6

1

1

MT

1

0

0

1

14

0

1

NL

8

1

1

1

4

1

1

AT

4

3

1

1

6

0

0

PL

2

1

1

1

2

0

0

PT

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

RO

3

1

1

0

4

0

1

SI

2

1

1

0

2

0

0

SK

4

1

3

1

1

5

0

FI

2

1

0

0

1

0

0

SE

3

4

1

1

6

0

1

UK

1

1

0

1

3

0

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10b Et en second ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE) QB10b And secondly? (DO NOT SHOW CARD) QB10b Und zweitens?

Roumanie

Slovaquie

Espagne

Suède

Romania

Slovakia

Spain

Sweden

Rumänien

Slowakei

Spanien

Schweden

Niederlande

Vereinigtes Königreich

Vereinigte Staaten

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

0

0

3

1

1

2

2

BE

0

0

7

0

4

3

2

BG

1

0

2

0

1

3

1

CZ

0

6

2

0

1

3

2

3/5

Pays-Bas

Royaume-Uni

The Netherlands United Kingdom

Etats-Unis United States

DK

0

0

3

8

1

6

3

D-W

0

0

4

1

2

2

2

DE

0

0

4

1

2

2

2

D-E

0

0

2

1

1

2

1

EE

0

0

1

3

0

2

1

IE

0

0

3

0

0

6

8

EL

1

0

2

1

1

1

1

ES

0

0

0

1

1

2

2

FR

0

0

6

0

1

2

2 2

IT

0

0

4

1

0

2

CY

0

0

1

0

0

13

2

LV

0

0

0

1

0

3

1

LT

0

0

1

1

1

4

1

LU

0

0

5

0

1

3

1

HU

1

0

4

2

1

3

2

MT

0

0

1

1

1

15

3

NL

0

0

3

2

0

5

3

AT

0

0

3

1

0

2

2

PL

0

1

2

1

2

3

1

PT

0

0

2

0

0

2

1

RO

0

0

2

0

1

3

2

SI

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

SK

0

0

1

0

1

2

2

FI

0

0

2

4

1

2

2

SE

0

0

6

0

0

7

5

UK

0

0

3

0

1

0

3

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10b Et en second ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE) QB10b And secondly? (DO NOT SHOW CARD) QB10b Und zweitens?

Israël

Maroc

Algérie

Albanie

Russie

Chine

Turquie

Israël

Morocco

Algeria

Albania

Russia

China

Turkey

Israel

Marokko

Algerien

Albanien

Russland

China

Türkei

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

BE

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

BG

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

CZ

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

4/5

DK

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

D-W

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

DE

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

D-E

1

0

0

0

1

0

1

EE

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

IE

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ES

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

FR

0

2

0

0

1

0

0

IT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CY

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

LV

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

LT

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

LU

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

HU

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

MT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

NL

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

AT

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

PL

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

PT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

RO

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

SI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SK

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

FI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SE

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

UK

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10b Et en second ? (NE PAS MONTRER CARTE) QB10b And secondly? (DO NOT SHOW CARD) QB10b Und zweitens?

Autre (SPECIFIER)

Aucun

NSP

Other (SPECIFY)

None

DK

Sonstige (BITTE ANGEBEN)

Keine

WN

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

5

18

52

BE

6

22

31

BG

3

20

58

CZ

3

22

38

5/5

DK

9

22

32

D-W

6

26

35

DE

5

25

39

D-E

4

19

55

EE

3

12

68

IE

4

22

46

EL

2

22

61

ES

3

22

57

FR

9

18

50

IT

2

11

71

CY

5

41

24

LV

2

15

71

LT

3

19

57

LU

6

25

16

HU

2

12

42

MT

7

23

29

NL

9

17

23

AT

4

20

49

PL

1

9

66

PT

4

21

65

RO

1

12

64

SI

5

21

63

SK

2

23

41

FI

8

22

53

SE

20

12

19

UK

8

20

52

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10T Pays autres que (NOTRE PAYS) auxquels vous vous sentez le plus attaché(e) QB10T Countries other than (OUR COUNTRY) which you feel the most attached to QB10T Anderer Land als (UNSER LAND) mit dem Sie sich am meisten verbunden fühlen?

Autriche

Belgique

Bulgarie

République tchèque

Danemark

Finlande

France

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Österreich

Belgien

Bulgarien

Tschechische Republik

Dänemark

Finnland

Frankreich

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

4

2

0

1

1

1

8

1/5

BE

3

0

0

0

0

1

38

BG

1

1

0

1

0

0

3 6

CZ

7

0

1

0

1

0

DK

3

0

0

0

0

0

5

D-W

17

1

0

1

5

0

10

DE

16

0

0

2

4

0

9

D-E

13

0

0

5

2

1

4

EE

1

0

0

0

1

19

1

IE

1

0

0

0

1

0

8

EL

1

1

2

0

0

0

6

ES

0

1

1

0

0

0

13

FR

1

5

0

0

1

0

0

IT

1

0

0

0

0

0

9

CY

0

0

1

0

0

0

2

LV

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

LT

0

0

0

0

2

0

2

LU

4

14

0

0

1

1

40

HU

15

1

0

1

1

2

7

MT

2

0

0

1

0

0

3

NL

6

16

0

1

4

0

19

AT

0

0

0

1

1

0

5

PL

2

1

1

2

0

0

4

PT

0

1

0

0

0

0

13

RO

2

0

0

0

1

0

8

SI

10

0

0

0

0

0

1

SK

5

0

1

44

0

0

1

FI

1

0

0

0

1

0

2

SE

3

0

0

0

12

6

8

UK

1

1

0

0

0

0

9

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10T Pays autres que (NOTRE PAYS) auxquels vous vous sentez le plus attaché(e) QB10T Countries other than (OUR COUNTRY) which you feel the most attached to QB10T Anderer Land als (UNSER LAND) mit dem Sie sich am meisten verbunden fühlen?

Allemagne

Grèce

Hongrie

Irlande

Italie

Pologne

Portugal

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Poland

Portugal

Deutschland

Griechenland

Ungarn

Irland

Italien

Polen

Portugal

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

6

3

1

2

8

1

2

2/5

BE

7

2

0

1

13

0

2

BG

7

6

0

0

6

0

0

CZ

10

5

2

1

5

8

0

DK

15

6

0

1

7

1

0

D-W

0

4

1

1

13

4

1

DE

0

4

1

1

11

3

1

D-E

0

2

4

2

6

1

0

EE

6

1

1

1

1

0

0

IE

4

1

0

0

3

4

1

EL

11

0

0

0

8

0

0

ES

4

0

0

1

9

0

6

FR

6

1

0

3

12

1

4

IT

3

2

0

1

0

0

0

CY

2

59

0

0

2

0

0

LV

5

0

0

2

1

1

0

LT

7

0

0

7

2

6

0

LU

21

1

0

2

14

1

15

HU

18

8

0

1

12

2

1

MT

2

0

0

1

36

0

1

NL

19

3

1

2

10

1

2

AT

18

6

3

2

17

1

1

PL

9

2

1

2

6

0

0

PT

3

0

0

0

2

0

0

RO

8

2

6

1

13

0

1

SI

6

1

1

0

6

0

0

SK

6

2

9

2

3

7

0

FI

6

2

0

0

2

0

0

SE

8

9

1

2

12

0

2

UK

4

3

0

5

5

1

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10T Pays autres que (NOTRE PAYS) auxquels vous vous sentez le plus attaché(e) QB10T Countries other than (OUR COUNTRY) which you feel the most attached to QB10T Anderer Land als (UNSER LAND) mit dem Sie sich am meisten verbunden fühlen?

Roumanie

Slovaquie

Espagne

Suède

Romania

Slovakia

Spain

Sweden

Rumänien

Slowakei

Spanien

Schweden

Niederlande

Vereinigtes Königreich

Vereinigte Staaten

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

0

1

8

2

2

5

5

3/5

Pays-Bas

Royaume-Uni

The Netherlands United Kingdom

Etats-Unis United States

BE

0

0

14

0

9

5

4

BG

1

0

6

0

1

6

4 3

CZ

0

40

3

1

1

7

DK

0

0

8

20

1

14

7

D-W

0

0

9

2

6

4

4

DE

0

0

8

3

5

4

4

D-E

0

0

5

3

2

3

4

EE

0

0

2

6

1

5

2

IE

0

0

9

1

1

26

17

EL

1

0

4

2

1

5

3

ES

2

0

0

1

1

6

4

FR

0

0

17

1

1

5

4

IT

0

0

9

1

1

6

7

CY

1

0

1

0

1

22

4

LV

0

0

1

2

1

7

2

LT

0

0

3

2

1

12

3

LU

1

0

8

0

2

4

3

HU

3

1

7

3

3

7

5

MT

0

0

2

1

1

47

6

NL

0

0

9

4

0

11

6

AT

1

1

5

1

1

3

5

PL

0

1

4

1

4

7

3

PT

0

0

10

0

1

6

2

RO

0

0

7

1

1

5

4

SI

0

0

1

1

0

1

1

SK

0

0

2

0

1

3

3

FI

0

0

5

23

1

6

5

SE

0

0

12

0

1

16

12

UK

0

0

11

1

2

0

10

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10T Pays autres que (NOTRE PAYS) auxquels vous vous sentez le plus attaché(e) QB10T Countries other than (OUR COUNTRY) which you feel the most attached to QB10T Anderer Land als (UNSER LAND) mit dem Sie sich am meisten verbunden fühlen?

Israël

Maroc

Algérie

Albanie

Russie

Chine

Turquie

Israël

Morocco

Algeria

Albania

Russia

China

Turkey

Israel

Marokko

Algerien

Albanien

Russland

China

Türkei

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

0

1

0

0

1

0

1

4/5

BE

0

2

0

0

0

0

2

BG

0

0

0

0

9

0

5

CZ

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

DK

1

0

0

0

0

1

2

D-W

0

0

0

0

3

0

4

DE

0

0

0

0

3

0

4

D-E

1

0

0

0

4

0

2

EE

0

0

0

0

9

0

0

IE

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

EL

0

0

0

1

2

0

1

ES

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

FR

1

4

1

0

1

1

0

IT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

CY

1

0

0

0

2

0

0

LV

0

0

0

0

11

0

0

LT

0

0

0

0

11

0

0

LU

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

HU

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

MT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

NL

1

1

0

0

0

1

2

AT

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

PL

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

PT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

RO

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

SI

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

SK

0

0

0

0

3

0

0

FI

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

SE

0

0

0

0

0

1

2

UK

0

0

0

0

0

1

2

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB10T Pays autres que (NOTRE PAYS) auxquels vous vous sentez le plus attaché(e) QB10T Countries other than (OUR COUNTRY) which you feel the most attached to QB10T Anderer Land als (UNSER LAND) mit dem Sie sich am meisten verbunden fühlen?

Autre (SPECIFIER)

Aucun

NSP

Other (SPECIFY)

None

DK

Sonstige (BITTE ANGEBEN)

Keine

WN

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

12

62

5

BE

11

51

1

BG

6

75

3

5/5

CZ

5

50

6

DK

22

50

2

D-W

12

55

4

DE

11

58

4

D-E

8

68

5

EE

9

46

22

IE

9

63

4

EL

6

79

3

ES

12

77

1

FR

17

50

11

IT

5

73

7

CY

10

65

0

LV

7

76

7

LT

8

69

5

LU

10

40

1

HU

6

50

3

MT

18

44

2

NL

20

38

1

AT

8

65

3

PL

5

67

7

PT

11

74

9

RO

2

64

6

SI

21

80

1

SK

4

52

9

FI

15

69

5

SE

38

29

1

UK

20

63

4

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB11 Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10a) ? (MAX. 3 REPONSES) QB11 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10a)? (ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS) QB11 Was sind die drei Hauptgründe dafür, dass Sie sich (LAND QB10a) verbunden fühlen? (ROTIEREN - MAX. 3 ANTWORTEN)

Vous avez des Vous avez travaillé Vous avez des Vous avez des parents proches Vous vivez ou avez (y compris comme amis proches amis proches (frères, sœurs, vécu avec un(e) volontaire ou qui sont venus enfants, parents) qui vivent dans partenaire venant de stagiaire) dans ce de ce pays pour ce pays qui vivent dans ce ce pays pays s’installer ici pays

1/3

You have close You have close friends who relatives (brothers, You have close You live or have lived sisters, children, friends who live have moved with a partner from parents) who live in this country here from this this country in this country country

You have worked (including volunteering and traineeships) in this country

Sie haben nahe Sie haben enge Sie leben oder haben Verwandte Sie haben enge mit einem Partner / Freunde, die (Geschwister, Freunde, die in einer Partnerin aus aus diesem Kinder, Eltern), die diesem Land diesem Land Land hierher in diesem Land leben zusammengelebt gezogen sind leben

Vous avez vécu dans ce pays pour Vous avez d’autres raisons étudié dans ce que pays professionnelles ou pour y faire des études You have studied in this country

You have lived for reasons other than study or work in this country

Sie haben in diesem Land studiert oder sind dort zur Schule gegangen

Sie haben aus einem anderen Grund als Arbeit, Studium oder Schule in diesem Land gelebt

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

Sie haben in diesem Land gearbeitet (einschließlich unentgeltlicher Arbeit und Praktika) EB 73.3

EU 27

21

23

8

4

7

4

4

BE

18

21

7

3

4

2

3

BG

26

37

4

1

11

1

2

CZ

12

29

13

3

3

1

2

DK

18

30

8

5

13

5

8

D-W

19

22

9

6

5

6

3

DE

17

22

9

5

4

6

3

D-E

11

21

9

2

4

6

2

EE

30

37

11

4

14

6

7

IE

46

40

10

5

12

5

4

EL

26

29

5

3

11

10

4

ES

23

16

9

8

9

6

4

FR

18

19

7

6

5

3

5

IT

9

18

10

2

7

4

3

CY

36

36

5

6

3

13

3

LV

31

30

14

3

8

4

7

LT

47

38

7

3

12

2

2

LU

43

31

7

5

4

13

5

HU

9

13

5

1

4

1

2

MT

31

22

4

3

4

2

4

NL

15

23

6

2

9

3

3

AT

22

29

16

6

9

2

2

PL

20

21

8

1

9

1

4

PT

34

23

5

3

14

1

4

RO

39

35

7

3

6

1

2

SI

29

31

7

3

5

2

3

SK

23

40

12

1

10

3

2

FI

27

39

10

7

14

7

5

SE

19

25

8

5

13

7

8

UK

29

21

9

4

6

3

5

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB11 Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10a) ? (MAX. 3 REPONSES) QB11 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10a)? (ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS) QB11 Was sind die drei Hauptgründe dafür, dass Sie sich (LAND QB10a) verbunden fühlen? (ROTIEREN - MAX. 3 ANTWORTEN)

A la maison, vous Vous suivez Vous passez Vous possédez régulièrement mangez Vous êtes né(e) ou régulièrement un(des) bien(s) vous avez vécu régulièrement des l’actualité, la vie vos vacances/ immobilier(s) dans ce pays week-ends dans culturelle ou le sport plats typiques de dans ce pays ce pays dans ce pays ce pays

2/3

You own real property/ properties in this country

You regularly spend your holidays/ weekends in this country

Autre (SPONTANE)

You regularly follow You regularly eat You were born in Other news, cultural life or food at home that this country or you (SPONTANEOUS) sports from this is typical of this lived there before country country

Sie verfolgen Sie verbringen Sie essen zu in diesem Land regelmäßig die Sie besitzen Hause häufig regelmäßig Nachrichten, das Grundstücke Lebensmittel, die oder Immobilien Ihren Urlaub / kulturelle Leben oder für dieses Land Sportereignisse in Ihre in diesem Land typisch sind diesem Land Wochenenden

Pas de raison particulière (SPONTANE)

No particular reason (SPONTANEOUS)

Sie wurden in diesem Land geboren oder haben früher einmal dort gelebt

Spontan: Andere

Spontan: Aus keinem besonderen Grund

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

2

25

16

11

8

17

11

BE

2

46

25

15

9

20

5

BG

0

0

11

2

0

8

26 20

CZ

0

17

20

10

2

14

DK

2

49

30

16

7

14

2

D-W

4

43

13

19

10

10

5

DE

3

42

14

18

9

10

6

D-E

1

38

20

10

6

14

12

EE

2

7

16

3

4

18

1

IE

1

22

17

8

7

11

4

EL

3

3

4

2

11

19

15

ES

3

8

12

4

17

20

10

FR

1

22

22

13

5

26

7

IT

1

10

10

2

5

17

34

CY

1

8

27

3

4

24

2

LV

0

4

26

5

6

15

7

LT

1

3

20

3

4

11

1

LU

5

41

22

13

22

7

2

HU

0

5

25

5

1

25

31

MT

1

15

43

9

3

16

8

NL

2

54

23

14

7

18

3

AT

3

38

15

18

10

12

7

PL

0

6

13

5

2

8

29

PT

1

3

12

2

6

14

13

RO

0

3

13

7

0

13

10

SI

3

22

10

9

12

23

8

SK

0

13

30

15

2

12

7

FI

1

14

16

4

4

20

2

SE

1

31

20

15

7

21

6

UK

3

36

12

11

14

20

3

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB11 Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10a) ? (MAX. 3 REPONSES) QB11 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10a)? (ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS) QB11 Was sind die drei Hauptgründe dafür, dass Sie sich (LAND QB10a) verbunden fühlen? (ROTIEREN - MAX. 3 ANTWORTEN)

NSP

3/3

DK

WN

%

EB 73.3

EU 27

1

BE

1

BG

2

CZ

2

DK

0

D-W

1

DE

1

D-E

2

EE

4

IE

2

EL

0

ES

0

FR

1

IT

1

CY

1

LV

1

LT

2

LU

1

HU

0

MT

0

NL

0

AT

0

PL

2

PT

0

RO

6

SI

0

SK

0

FI

0

SE

0

UK

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB12 Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10b) ? (MAX. 3 REPONSES) QB12 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10b)? (ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS) QB12 Und was sind die drei Hauptgründe dafür, dass Sie sich (LAND QB10b) verbunden fühlen? (ROTIEREN - MAX. 3 ANTWORTEN) Vous avez des parents proches (frères, sœurs, enfants, parents) qui vivent dans ce pays You have close relatives (brothers, sisters, children, parents) who live in this Sie haben nahe Verwandte (Geschwister, Kinder, Eltern), die in diesem Land leben

1/3

Vous avez vécu Vous avez Vous avez des dans ce pays pour travaillé (y Vous avez des Vous vivez ou amis proches Vous avez d’autres raisons compris comme amis proches avez vécu avec qui sont venus étudié dans ce que volontaire ou qui vivent dans un(e) partenaire de ce pays pour pays professionnelles ce pays venant de ce pays stagiaire) dans ce s’installer ici ou pour y faire des pays études You have close You live or have You have close friends who lived with a friends who live have moved partner from this in this country here from this country country

You have worked (including volunteering and traineeships) in this country

Sie leben oder Sie haben enge haben mit einem Sie haben enge Freunde, die Partner / einer Freunde, die in aus diesem Partnerin aus diesem Land Land hierher diesem Land leben gezogen sind zusammengelebt

Sie haben in diesem Land studiert oder sind dort zur Schule gegangen

Sie haben aus einem anderen Grund als Arbeit, Studium oder Schule in diesem Land gelebt

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

2

3

You have lived for You have reasons other than studied in this study or work in country this country

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

Sie haben in diesem Land gearbeitet (einschließlich unentgeltlicher Arbeit und Praktika) EB 73.3

EU 27

11

18

8

2

5

BE

10

18

10

2

3

1

2

BG

14

32

1

0

6

1

1

CZ

4

19

10

1

2

1

1

DK

12

23

6

2

9

4

5

D-W

8

18

6

3

3

1

2 2

DE

7

18

7

3

2

1

D-E

7

14

9

1

1

2

1

EE

26

34

7

3

11

3

9

IE

34

33

12

3

8

5

3 4

EL

9

19

3

1

3

4

ES

14

21

10

3

6

3

6

FR

9

14

7

2

5

3

4

IT

2

11

7

2

3

3

3

CY

47

34

7

5

2

4

6

LV

25

28

14

2

6

2

4

LT

29

43

8

2

5

2

3

LU

22

27

9

5

5

6

3

HU

5

11

3

1

3

0

0

MT

20

20

3

1

1

0

4

NL

9

19

6

2

6

2

1

AT

9

25

14

2

7

1

5

PL

7

14

9

1

7

1

2

PT

25

24

5

1

6

2

2

RO

24

29

7

1

3

2

1

SI

13

25

8

2

4

1

2

SK

11

32

10

1

6

1

2

FI

16

33

5

1

9

2

5

SE

9

20

8

4

8

4

6

UK

19

18

10

4

6

5

4

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB12 Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10b) ? (MAX. 3 REPONSES) QB12 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10b)? (ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS) QB12 Und was sind die drei Hauptgründe dafür, dass Sie sich (LAND QB10b) verbunden fühlen? (ROTIEREN - MAX. 3 ANTWORTEN)

2/3

Vous passez Vous possédez régulièrement un(des) bien(s) vos vacances/ immobilier(s) week-ends dans ce pays dans ce pays

Vous suivez régulièrement l’actualité, la vie culturelle ou le sport dans ce pays

A la maison, vous mangez Vous êtes né(e) régulièrement ou vous avez Autre (SPONTANE) des plats vécu dans ce typiques de ce pays pays

You regularly spend your holidays/ weekends in this country

You regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from this country

You regularly eat food at home that is typical of this country

You were born in this country or you lived there before

Other (SPONTANEOUS)

No particular reason (SPONTANEOUS)

Sie verfolgen Sie verbringen regelmäßig die in diesem Land Nachrichten, das regelmäßig Ihren Urlaub / kulturelle Leben oder Sportereignisse in Ihre diesem Land Wochenenden

Sie essen zu Hause häufig Lebensmittel, die für diese Land typisch sind

Sie wurden in diesem Land geboren oder haben früher einmal dort gelebt

Spontan: Andere

Spontan: Aus keinem besonderen Grund

You own real property/ properties in this country

Sie besitzen Grundstücke oder Immobilien in diesem Land

Pas de raison particulière (SPONTANE)

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

0

24

15

10

1

20

17

BE

0

39

23

12

2

24

9

BG

0

1

9

2

0

9

37

CZ

0

14

15

9

0

18

26

DK

1

50

31

18

1

18

5

D-W

1

42

16

18

0

16

8

DE

1

41

17

18

0

16

9

D-E

1

36

26

14

0

16

12

EE

0

10

14

5

1

18

1

20

16

10

0

14

9 35

IE

1

EL

0

3

4

1

1

23

ES

0

4

10

5

4

26

14

FR

0

16

17

9

1

29

13

IT

0

4

8

1

0

18

50

CY

1

5

20

6

2

16

4

LV

0

2

24

5

1

27

7

LT

0

2

22

1

1

14

0

LU

2

39

25

13

5

15

5

HU

0

3

19

5

1

24

42

MT

1

14

44

15

2

14

14

NL

1

51

26

13

2

21

3

AT

1

37

12

20

3

17

8

PL

0

6

13

5

1

8

42

PT

0

2

12

3

2

14

21

RO

0

3

12

7

1

19

15

SI

0

17

11

6

1

38

6

SK

1

13

17

11

0

17

12

FI

0

16

14

4

1

35

4

SE

1

27

19

13

3

28

9

UK

1

35

10

11

3

18

7

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB12 Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10b) ? (MAX. 3 REPONSES) QB12 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10b)? (ROTATE – MAX. 3 ANSWERS) QB12 Und was sind die drei Hauptgründe dafür, dass Sie sich (LAND QB10b) verbunden fühlen? (ROTIEREN - MAX. 3 ANTWORTEN)

NSP

3/3

DK

WN

%

EB 73.3

EU 27

1

BE

1

BG

2

CZ

2

DK

0

D-W

1

DE

1

D-E

2

EE

5

IE

6

EL

0

ES

0

FR

1

IT

2

CY

0

LV

1

LT

2

LU

0

HU

0

MT

2

NL

0

AT

2

PL

1

PT

2

RO

6

SI

0

SK

1

FI

0

SE

0

UK

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB11_QB12 Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10a + QB10b) QB11_QB12 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10a + QB10b) QB11_QB12 Was sind die drei Hauptgründe dafür, dass Sie sich (LAND QB10a + QB10b) verbunden fühlen? Vous avez des parents proches (frères, sœurs, enfants, parents) qui vivent dans ce pays You have close relatives (brothers, sisters, children, parents) who live in this Sie haben nahe Verwandte (Geschwister, Kinder, Eltern), die in diesem Land leben

1/3

Vous avez Vous avez des travaillé (y Vous avez des Vous vivez ou avez amis proches compris comme amis proches vécu avec un(e) qui sont venus volontaire ou qui vivent dans partenaire venant de ce pays pour stagiaire) dans ce ce pays de ce pays s’installer ici pays You have close You have close friends who friends who live have moved in this country here from this country

You live or have lived with a partner from this country

Sie haben enge Sie haben enge Freunde, die Freunde, die in aus diesem diesem Land Land hierher leben gezogen sind

Sie leben oder haben mit einem Partner / einer Partnerin aus diesem Land zusammengelebt

You have worked (including volunteering and traineeships) in this country

Vous avez vécu dans ce pays pour Vous avez d’autres raisons étudié dans ce que pays professionnelles ou pour y faire des études You have studied in this country

You have lived for reasons other than study or work in this country

Sie haben in diesem Land studiert oder sind dort zur Schule gegangen

Sie haben aus einem anderen Grund als Arbeit, Studium oder Schule in diesem Land gelebt

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

5

5

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

Sie haben in diesem Land gearbeitet (einschließlich unentgeltlicher Arbeit und Praktika) EB 73.3

EU 27

24

28

12

5

9

BE

21

28

13

4

6

2

3

BG

30

40

4

1

13

2

2

CZ

14

34

17

3

4

1

2

DK

22

38

11

6

16

7

10

D-W

21

29

12

7

6

7

4

DE

20

28

12

7

6

7

4

D-E

13

23

12

3

4

7

2

EE

39

42

13

5

15

7

10

IE

52

47

14

6

15

7

5

EL

28

31

6

4

11

11

6

ES

26

23

13

9

11

7

6

FR

22

24

9

7

7

4

6

IT

10

21

14

3

8

5

4

CY

45

41

7

8

4

15

5

LV

37

39

17

4

9

5

8

LT

52

47

10

4

13

3

3

LU

50

41

12

8

7

17

7

HU

12

17

6

1

5

1

2

MT

37

28

5

3

4

2

5

NL

20

32

10

3

11

4

4

AT

25

36

22

7

11

2

4

PL

23

26

12

2

11

2

5

PT

39

25

7

4

15

1

5

RO

42

39

8

3

7

2

2

SI

31

37

10

4

6

3

4

SK

27

48

16

1

12

3

3

FI

30

45

12

7

16

8

7

SE

24

34

12

8

17

9

11

UK

34

26

13

6

8

5

7

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB11_QB12 Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10a + QB10b) QB11_QB12 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10a + QB10b) QB11_QB12 - Was sind die drei Hauptgründe dafür, dass Sie sich (LAND QB10a + QB10b) verbunden fühlen?

Vous passez Vous possédez régulièrement un(des) bien(s) vos vacances/ immobilier(s) week-ends dans ce pays dans ce pays

Vous suivez régulièrement l’actualité, la vie culturelle ou le sport dans ce pays

A la maison, vous mangez Vous êtes né(e) régulièrement ou vous avez des plats vécu dans ce typiques de ce pays pays

You own real property/ properties in this country

You regularly spend your holidays/ weekends in this country

You regularly follow news, cultural life or sports from this country

You regularly eat food at home that is typical of this country

You were born Other in this country (SPONTANEOUS) or you lived there before

Sie besitzen Grundstücke oder Immobilien in diesem Land

Sie verbringen in diesem Land regelmäßig Ihren Urlaub / Ihre Wochenenden

Sie essen zu Hause häufig Lebensmittel, die für diese Land typisch sind

Sie wurden in diesem Land geboren oder haben früher einmal dort gelebt

Spontan: Andere

Spontan: Aus keinem besonderen Grund

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

Sie verfolgen regelmäßig die Nachrichten, das kulturelle Leben oder Sportereignisse in diesem Land EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

2

30

20

14

8

22

15

BE

2

52

32

19

9

27

9

BG

0

1

13

3

0

11

33

2/3

Autre (SPONTANE)

Pas de raison particulière (SPONTANE)

No particular reason (SPONTANEOUS)

CZ

0

21

22

13

2

20

27

DK

3

59

38

22

7

20

4

D-W

4

50

18

24

10

14

8

DE

4

49

19

23

9

15

9

D-E

2

42

23

15

6

17

15

EE

2

10

19

5

4

21

1

IE

2

28

21

11

7

16

8

EL

3

3

5

3

11

22

22

ES

3

9

14

6

18

24

14

FR

1

26

24

16

5

32

12

IT

1

12

13

2

5

21

43

CY

2

10

31

6

5

28

4

LV

0

5

30

7

6

24

9

LT

1

3

23

3

5

15

1

LU

6

52

32

19

24

15

5

HU

0

6

28

8

2

30

41

MT

1

17

49

14

4

20

12

NL

3

65

32

19

8

24

4

AT

4

48

19

27

11

17

10

PL

0

8

17

7

2

11

37

PT

1

4

13

3

6

16

16

RO

0

4

16

9

1

17

13

SI

3

25

11

10

12

29

10

SK

1

18

36

20

3

19

12

FI

1

17

19

5

4

28

4

SE

2

40

27

21

9

32

10

UK

4

42

15

14

15

23

5

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB11_QB12 Et quelles sont les trois raisons principales de votre attachement à (PAYS QB10a + QB10b) QB11_QB12 And what are the three main reasons you feel attached to (COUNTRY QB10a + QB10b) QB11_QB12 - Was sind die drei Hauptgründe dafür, dass Sie sich (LAND QB10a + QB10b) verbunden fühlen?

NSP

3/3

DK

WN

%

EB 73.3

EU 27

1

BE

0

BG

1

CZ

2

DK

0

D-W

1

DE

1

D-E

2

EE

3

IE

2

EL

0

ES

0

FR

0

IT

1

CY

1

LV

1

LT

2

LU

0

HU

0

MT

0

NL

0

AT

0

PL

0

PT

0

RO

6

SI

0

SK

0

FI

0

SE

0

UK

1

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB13.1 Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à leur ville ou village, à leur région, à leur pays ou à l'Union européenne. Veuillez me dire dans quelle mesure vous vous sentez attaché(e) à … (UNIQUEMENT AU SPLIT A) Votre ville ou village QB13.1 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city,to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to… (ONLY TO SPLIT A) Your city/ town/ village QB13.1 Man kann sich ja unterschiedlich stark verbunden fühlen mit seinem Dorf oder seiner Stadt, seiner Region, seinem Land oder der Europäischen Union. Bitte sagen Sie mir, wie stark Sie sich verbunden fühlen mit… (NUR AN SPLIT A) Ihrem Dorf bzw. Ihrer Stadt

%

Très attaché(e)

Assez attaché(e)

Pas très attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

Total 'Attaché(e)'

Total 'Pas attaché(e)'

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

Total 'Attached'

Total 'Not attached'

Sehr verbunden

Ziemlich verbunden

Nicht sehr verbunden

Überhaupt nicht verbunden

WN

Gesamt 'Verbunden'

Gesamt 'Nicht verbunden'

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EU 27

49

0

38

0

10

0

3

0

0

0

87

0

13

0

BE

35

-13

41

6

19

6

5

1

0

0

76

-7

24

7

BG

77

6

16

-8

5

0

2

2

0

0

93

-2

7

2

CZ

27

-1

56

3

14

-1

1

-1

2

0

83

2

15

-2

DK

56

1

32

0

10

-2

2

1

0

0

88

1

12

-1

D-W

48

3

37

-1

12

-3

3

1

0

0

85

2

15

-2 0

DE

48

1

37

-1

13

0

2

0

0

0

85

0

15

D-E

50

-4

36

-2

12

5

1

0

1

1

86

-6

13

5

EE

46

4

37

0

14

-4

3

0

0

0

83

4

17

-4

IE

65

10

27

-9

7

1

1

-1

0

-1

92

1

8

0

EL

60

-15

36

14

3

1

1

0

0

0

96

-1

4

1

ES

61

1

31

-4

6

3

2

1

0

-1

92

-3

8

4

FR

36

-5

39

2

15

0

10

3

0

0

75

-3

25

3

IT

55

8

40

-2

4

-5

1

-1

0

0

95

6

5

-6

CY

69

14

22

-9

9

-3

0

-2

0

0

91

5

9

-5

LV

58

5

31

-3

9

-1

2

-1

0

0

89

2

11

-2

LT

47

3

43

1

7

-4

2

0

1

0

90

4

9

-4

LU

38

-8

38

3

18

2

6

4

0

-1

76

-5

24

6

HU

55

-4

35

6

7

-3

3

1

0

0

90

2

10

-2

MT

42

-9

30

8

21

5

6

-4

1

0

72

-1

27

1

NL

26

-5

38

-3

27

4

9

4

0

0

64

-8

36

8

AT

58

2

34

-1

7

-1

1

1

0

-1

92

1

8

0

PL

57

1

38

2

4

-2

1

-1

0

0

95

3

5

-3

PT

56

16

40

-13

4

-2

0

-1

0

0

96

3

4

-3

RO

60

9

34

-5

5

-3

1

0

0

-1

94

4

6

-3

SI

63

-1

28

2

7

-1

2

0

0

0

91

1

9

-1

SK

51

5

42

0

6

-4

1

-1

0

0

93

5

7

-5

FI

39

5

43

-6

16

2

2

-1

0

0

82

-1

18

1

SE

41

-9

41

3

15

5

3

1

0

0

82

-6

18

6

UK

42

-2

42

4

12

-1

4

-1

0

0

84

2

16

-2

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB13.2 Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à leur ville ou village, à leur région, à leur pays ou à l'Union européenne. Veuillez me dire dans quelle mesure vous vous sentez attaché(e) à … (UNIQUEMENT AU SPLIT B) La ville ou le village dans lequel vous vivez QB13.2 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city,to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to… (ONLY TO SPLIT B) The city/ town/ village where you live QB13.2 Man kann sich ja unterschiedlich stark verbunden fühlen mit seinem Dorf oder seiner Stadt, seiner Region, seinem Land oder der Europäischen Union. Bitte sagen Sie mir, wie stark Sie sich verbunden fühlen mit… (NUR AN SPLIT B) Dem Dorf bzw. der Stadt, in dem / der Sie leben

%

Très attaché(e)

Assez attaché(e)

Pas très attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

Total 'Attaché(e)'

Total 'Pas attaché(e)'

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

Total 'Attached'

Total 'Not attached'

Sehr verbunden

Ziemlich verbunden

Nicht sehr verbunden

Überhaupt nicht verbunden

WN

Gesamt 'Verbunden'

Gesamt 'Nicht verbunden'

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EU 27

49

0

37

-1

11

1

3

0

0

0

86

-1

14

1

BE

33

-15

43

8

17

4

6

2

1

1

76

-7

23

6

BG

74

3

20

-4

4

-1

1

1

1

1

94

-1

5

0

CZ

32

4

51

-2

14

-1

2

0

1

-1

83

2

16

-1

DK

54

-1

30

-2

14

2

2

1

0

0

84

-3

16

3

D-W

47

2

40

2

9

-6

3

1

1

1

87

4

12

-5

DE

49

2

38

0

10

-3

3

1

0

0

87

2

13

-2

D E D-E

53

-1 1

32

-6 6

14

7

1

0

0

0

85

-7 7

15

7

EE

46

4

38

1

13

-5

3

0

0

0

84

5

16

-5

IE

66

11

26

-10

7

1

0

-2

1

0

92

1

7

-1

EL

62

-13

33

11

5

3

0

-1

0

0

95

-2

5

2

ES

63

3

30

-5

6

3

1

0

0

-1

93

-2

7

3

FR

33

-8

39

2

20

5

8

1

0

0

72

-6

28

6

IT

56

9

37

-5

6

-3

1

-1

0

0

93

4

7

-4

CY

67

12

26

-5

7

-5

0

-2

0

0

93

7

7

-7

LV

61

8

28

-6

10

0

1

-2

0

0

89

2

11

-2

LT

48

4

41

-1

10

-1

1

-1

0

-1

89

3

11

-2

LU

42

-4

39

4

15

-1

4

2

0

-1

81

0

19

1

HU

58

-1

33

4

7

-3

2

0

0

0

91

3

9

-3

MT

48

-3

27

5

17

1

6

-4

2

1

75

2

23

-3

NL

28

-3

36

-5

29

6

7

2

0

0

64

-8

36

8

AT

62

6

33

-2

4

-4

1

1

0

-1

95

4

5

-3

PL

57

1

35

-1

5

-1

2

0

1

1

92

0

7

-1

PT

49

9

46

-7

4

-2

1

0

0

0

95

2

5

-2

RO

59

8

37

-2

3

-5

1

0

0

-1

96

6

4

-5

SI

63

-1

30

4

6

-2

1

-1

0

0

93

3

7

-3

SK

52

6

37

-5

9

-1

1

-1

1

1

89

1

10

-2

FI

33

-1

51

2

12

-2

4

1

0

0

84

1

16

-1

SE

39

-11

43

5

15

5

3

1

0

0

82

-6

18

6

UK

44

0

37

-1

14

1

4

-1

1

1

81

-1

18

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB13.1_2 Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à... Votre ville ou village - La ville ou le village dans lequel vous vivez QB13.1_2 People may feel different levels of attachment to ... Your city/town/village - The city/town/village where you live QB13.1_2 Man kann sich ja unterschiedlich stark verbunden fühlen mit… Ihrem Dorf bzw. Ihrer Stadt - Dem Dorf bzw. der Stadt, in dem / der Sie leben

Très attaché(e)

Assez attaché(e)

Pas très attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

Sehr verbunden

Ziemlich verbunden

Nicht sehr verbunden

Überhaupt nicht verbunden

WN

%

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EU 27

49

0

38

0

10

0

3

0

0

0

BE

34

-14

42

7

18

5

6

2

0

0

BG

75

4

18

-6

4

-1

2

2

1

1 -1

CZ

30

2

53

0

14

-1

2

0

1

DK

55

0

31

-1

12

0

2

1

0

0

D-W

47

2

39

1

11

-4

3

1

0

0

DE

48

1

38

0

11

-2

3

1

0

0

D-E

51

-3

34

-4

13

6

2

1

0

0

EE

46

4

38

1

13

-5

3

0

0

0

IE

65

10

27

-9

7

1

0

-2

1

0

EL

61

-14

35

13

4

2

0

-1

0

0

ES

62

2

31

-4

6

3

1

0

0

-1

FR

34

-7

39

2

18

3

9

2

0

0

IT

56

9

38

-4

5

-4

1

-1

0

0

CY

68

13

24

-7

8

-4

0

-2

0

0

LV

60

7

29

-5

9

-1

2

-1

0

0

LT

47

3

42

0

9

-2

2

0

0

-1

LU

40

-6

38

3

17

1

5

3

0

-1

HU

57

-2

34

5

7

-3

2

0

0

0

MT

45

-6

28

6

19

3

6

-4

2

1

NL

27

-4

37

-4

28

5

8

3

0

0

AT

60

4

34

-1

5

-3

1

1

0

-1

PL

57

1

37

1

4

-2

1

-1

1

1

PT

52

12

43

-10

4

-2

1

0

0

0

RO

59

8

36

-3

4

-4

1

0

0

-1

SI

63

-1

29

3

7

-1

1

-1

0

0

SK

51

5

39

-3

8

-2

1

-1

1

1

FI

36

2

47

-2

14

0

3

0

0

0

SE

40

-10

42

4

15

5

3

1

0

0

UK

43

-1

40

2

13

0

4

-1

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB13.3 Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à leur ville ou village, à leur région, à leur pays ou à l'Union européenne. Veuillez me dire dans quelle mesure vous vous sentez attaché(e) à … (UNIQUEMENT AU SPLIT A) Votre région QB13.3 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city,to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to… (ONLY TO SPLIT A) Your region QB13.3 Man kann sich ja unterschiedlich stark verbunden fühlen mit seinem Dorf oder seiner Stadt, seiner Region, seinem Land oder der Europäischen Union. Bitte sagen Sie mir, wie stark Sie sich verbunden fühlen mit… (NUR AN SPLIT A) Ihrer Region

%

Très attaché(e)

Assez attaché(e)

Pas très attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

Total 'Attaché(e)'

Total 'Pas attaché(e)'

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

Total 'Attached'

Total 'Not attached'

Sehr verbunden

Ziemlich verbunden

Nicht sehr verbunden

Überhaupt nicht verbunden

WN

Gesamt 'Verbunden'

Gesamt 'Nicht verbunden'

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1 -3

EU 27

47

2

41

1

10

-2

2

-1

0

0

88

3

12

BE

34

-14

47

11

16

3

3

0

0

0

81

-3

19

3

BG

68

8

24

-7

5

-1

3

1

0

-1

92

1

8

0 -2

CZ

25

-5

59

6

14

-1

1

-1

1

1

84

1

15

DK

40

-11

34

4

23

8

3

0

0

-1

74

-7

26

8

D-W

48

10

40

-4

10

-6

2

0

0

0

88

6

12

-6

DE

48

8

40

-3

10

-5

2

0

0

0

88

5

12

-5

D-E

44

-2

43

-1

11

3

1

-1

1

1

87

-3

12

2

EE

45

0

39

1

14

-1

2

1

0

-1

84

1

16

0

IE

64

10

30

-5

5

-4

1

0

0

-1

94

5

6

-4

EL

62

-12

34

12

3

-1

1

1

0

0

96

0

4

0

ES

51

-2

38

3

9

-1

1

-1

1

1

89

1

10

-2

FR

40

-2

43

5

13

-1

4

-2

0

0

83

3

17

-3

IT

53

16

42

-8

5

-6

0

-1

0

-1

95

8

5

-7

CY

68

17

22

-13

8

-4

2

0

0

0

90

4

10

-4

LV

53

3

35

0

9

-3

3

1

0

-1

88

3

12

-2

LT

41

1

45

2

12

-2

1

-2

1

1

86

3

13

-4

LU

45

-1

44

6

9

-3

1

-2

1

0

89

5

10

-5

HU

51

-5

37

5

8

-2

4

2

0

0

88

0

12

0

MT

38

-2

29

-7

19

3

10

6

4

0

67

-9

29

9

NL

23

-8

43

7

26

2

8

-1

0

0

66

-1

34

1

AT

56

5

36

-4

7

-1

1

0

0

0

92

1

8

-1

PL

55

4

40

-1

4

-2

1

0

0

-1

95

3

5

-2

PT

54

-2

42

7

4

-4

0

-1

0

0

96

5

4

-5 -1

RO

55

5

38

-4

5

-1

1

0

1

0

93

1

6

SI

58

2

32

-3

8

0

2

1

0

0

90

-1

10

1

SK

46

10

48

-5

6

-4

0

-1

0

0

94

5

6

-5

FI

42

-3

45

1

12

2

1

0

0

0

87

-2

13

2

SE

32

-14

47

10

19

4

2

0

0

0

79

-4

21

4

UK

40

-2

44

4

13

-1

3

-1

0

0

84

2

16

-2

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB13.4 Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à leur ville ou village, à leur région, à leur pays ou à l'Union européenne. Veuillez me dire dans quelle mesure vous vous sentez attaché(e) à … (UNIQUEMENT AU SPLIT B) La région où vous vivez QB13.4 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city,to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to… (ONLY TO SPLIT B) The region where you live QB13.4 Man kann sich ja unterschiedlich stark verbunden fühlen mit seinem Dorf oder seiner Stadt, seiner Region, seinem Land oder der Europäischen Union. Bitte sagen Sie mir, wie stark Sie sich verbunden fühlen mit… (NUR AN SPLIT B) Der Region, in der Sie leben

%

Très attaché(e)

Assez attaché(e)

Pas très attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

Total 'Attaché(e)'

Total 'Pas attaché(e)'

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

Total 'Attached'

Total 'Not attached'

Sehr verbunden

Ziemlich verbunden

Nicht sehr verbunden

Überhaupt nicht verbunden

WN

Gesamt 'Verbunden'

Gesamt 'Nicht verbunden'

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EU 27

47

2

41

1

10

-2

2

-1

0

0

88

3

12

-3

BE

35

-13

44

8

15

2

5

2

1

1

79

-5

20

4

BG

67

7

27

-4

3

-3

2

0

1

0

94

3

5

-3

CZ

31

1

57

4

11

-4

1

-1

0

0

88

5

12

-5

DK

43

-8

33

3

23

8

1

-2

0

-1

76

-5

24

6

D-W

44

6

45

1

9

-7

2

0

0

0

89

7

11

-7 -5

DE

46

6

42

-1

10

-5

2

0

0

0

88

5

12

D-E

50

4

34

-10

13

5

3

1

0

0

84

-6

16

6

EE

42

3 -3

40

2

15

0

3

2

0

1 -1

82

1 -1

18

2

IE

63

9

29

-6

6

-3

1

0

1

0

92

3

7

-3

EL

62

-12

33

11

4

0

1

1

0

0

95

-1

5

1 -3

ES

55

2

36

1

8

-2

1

-1

0

0

91

3

9

FR

36

-6

43

5

16

2

5

-1

0

0

79

-1

21

1

IT

53

16

42

-8

3

-8

1

0

1

0

95

8

4

-8

CY

61

10

28

-7

9

-3

2

0

0

0

89

3

11

-3

LV

55

5

31

-4

11

-1

2

0

1

0

86

1

13

-1

LT

42

2

46

3

10

-4

1

-2

1

1

88

5

11

-6

LU

46

0

40

2

11

-1

2

-1

1

0

86

2

13

-2

HU

52

-4

37

5

10

0

1

-1

0

0

89

1

11

-1

MT

48

8

30

-6

12

-4

7

3

3

-1

78

2

19

-1

NL

25

-6

43

7

25

1

7

-2

0

0

68

1

32

-1

AT

60

9

34

-6

5

-3

1

0

0

0

94

3

6

-3

PL

55

4

38

-3

5

-1

2

1

0

-1

93

1

7

0

PT

52

-4

44

9

3

-5

1

0

0

0

96

5

4

-5

RO

56

6

38

-4

4

-2

1

0

1

0

94

2

5

-2

SI

60

4

32

-3

7

-1

1

0

0

0

92

1

8

-1

SK

49

13

42

-11

7

-3

1

0

1

1

91

2

8

-3 2

FI

36

-9

51

7

11

1

2

1

0

0

87

-2

13

SE

32

-14

45

8

19

4

4

2

0

0

77

-6

23

6

UK

42

0

43

3

11

-3

4

0

0

0

85

3

15

-3

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB13.3_4 Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à... Votre région - La région où vous vivez QB13.3_4 People may feel different levels of attachment to ... Your region - The region where you live QB13.3_4 Man kann sich ja unterschiedlich stark verbunden fühlen mit… Ihrer Region - Der Region, in der Sie leben

Très attaché(e)

Assez attaché(e)

Pas très attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

Sehr verbunden

Ziemlich verbunden

Nicht sehr verbunden

Überhaupt nicht verbunden

WN

%

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 67.1

EU 27

47

2

41

1

10

-2

2

-1

0

0

BE

35

-13

45

9

16

3

4

1

0

0

BG

68

8

26

-5

4

-2

2

0

0

-1

CZ

28

-2

58

5

12

-3

1

-1

1

1 -1

DK

42

-9

33

3

23

8

2

-1

0

D-W

47

9

42

-2

9

-7

2

0

0

0

DE

47

7

41

-2

10

-5

2

0

0

0

D-E

48

2

38

-6

12

4

2

0

0

0

EE

43

-2

40

2

14

-1

3

2

0

-1

IE

63

9

29

-6

6

-3

1

0

1

0

EL

62

-12

33

11

4

0

1

1

0

0

ES

53

0

37

2

8

-2

1

-1

1

1

FR

38

-4

43

5

14

0

5

-1

0

0 -1

IT

53

16

42

-8

4

-7

1

0

0

CY

64

13

25

-10

9

-3

2

0

0

0

LV

54

4

33

-2

10

-2

3

1

0

-1

LT

42

2

45

2

11

-3

1

-2

1

1

LU

45

-1

42

4

10

-2

2

-1

1

0

HU

51

-5

38

6

9

-1

2

0

0

0

MT

43

3

29

-7

15

-1

9

5

4

0

NL

24

-7

43

7

26

2

7

-2

0

0

AT

58

7

35

-5

6

-2

1

0

0

0 -1

PL

55

4

39

-2

5

-1

1

0

0

PT

53

-3

43

8

3

-5

1

0

0

0

RO

56

6

38

-4

4

-2

1

0

1

0

SI

59

3

32

-3

8

0

1

0

0

0

SK

47

11

45

-8

6

-4

1

0

1

1

FI

39

-6

48

4

11

1

2

1

0

0

SE

32

-14

46

9

19

4

3

1

0

0

UK

41

-1

44

4

12

-2

3

-1

0

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB13.5 Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à leur ville ou village, à leur région, à leur pays ou à l'Union européenne. Veuillez me dire dans quelle mesure vous vous sentez attaché(e) à … (NOTRE PAYS) QB13.5 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city,to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to… (OUR COUNTRY) QB13.5 Man kann sich ja unterschiedlich stark verbunden fühlen mit seinem Dorf oder seiner Stadt, seiner Region, seinem Land oder der Europäischen Union. Bitte sagen Sie mir, wie stark Sie sich verbunden fühlen mit… (UNSEREM LAND)

%

Très attaché(e)

Assez attaché(e)

Pas très attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

Total 'Attaché(e)'

Total 'Pas attaché(e)'

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

Total 'Attached'

Total 'Not attached'

Sehr verbunden

Ziemlich verbunden

Nicht sehr verbunden

Überhaupt nicht verbunden

WN

Gesamt 'Verbunden'

Gesamt 'Nicht verbunden'

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1 -2

EU 27

56

4

37

-2

6

-1

1

-1

0

0

93

2

7

BE

30

-12

52

10

14

2

4

0

0

0

82

-2

18

2

BG

81

10

14

-9

2

-3

1

1

2

1

95

1

3

-2 -3

CZ

38

6

54

-2

7

-3

1

0

0

-1

92

4

8

DK

83

2

15

-2

2

0

0

0

0

0

98

0

2

0

D-W

53

9

40

-7

6

-2

1

0

0

0

93

2

7

-2

DE

51

8

40

-7

7

-2

1

0

1

1

91

1

8

-2

D-E

44

4

43

-5

11

0

2

1

0

0

87

-1

13

1

EE

66

9

31

-5

3

-3

0

-1

0

0

97

4

3

-4

IE

72

13

26

-8

2

-2

0

-2

0

-1

98

5

2

-4

EL

76

0

23

2

1

-1

0

-1

0

0

99

2

1

-2

ES

53

3

37

-5

8

2

2

1

0

-1

90

-2

10

3

FR

54

-2

41

5

5

-1

0

-2

0

0

95

3

5

-3

IT

61

11

36

-5

2

-5

1

-1

0

0

97

6

3

-6

CY

86

20

12

-18

2

-1

0

-1

0

0

98

2

2

-2

LV

69

11

22

-8

6

-3

2

0

1

0

91

3

8

-3

LT

59

4

35

-2

5

-2

1

0

0

0

94

2

6

-2

LU

59

9

33

-8

7

0

1

-1

0

0

92

1

8

-1

HU

69

0

28

4

3

-3

0

-1

0

0

97

4

3

-4 -3

MT

65

-1

29

3

3

-2

2

-1

1

1

94

2

5

NL

38

-7

44

4

16

2

2

1

0

0

82

-3

18

3

AT

65

8

30

-6

5

-1

0

0

0

-1

95

2

5

-1

PL

67

3

32

-1

1

-1

0

-1

0

0

99

2

1

-2

PT

58

16

40

-12

2

-3

0

-1

0

0

98

4

2

-4

RO

55

8

37

-6

6

-1

1

-1

1

0

92

2

7

-2

SI

67

1

28

-1

4

0

1

0

0

0

95

0

5

0

SK

52

10

44

-4

3

-6

0

-1

1

1

96

6

3

-7

FI

66

3

31

-4

2

0

1

1

0

0

97

-1

3

1

SE

56

-10

38

8

6

2

0

0

0

0

94

-2

6

2

UK

51

3

40

4

8

-4

1

-2

0

-1

91

7

9

-6

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB13.6 Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à leur ville ou village, à leur région, à leur pays ou à l'Union européenne. Veuillez me dire dans quelle mesure vous vous sentez attaché(e) à … (PAYS QB10a) QB13.6 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city,to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to… (COUNTRY QB10a) QB13.6 Man kann sich ja unterschiedlich stark verbunden fühlen mit seinem Dorf oder seiner Stadt, seiner Region, seinem Land oder der Europäischen Union. Bitte sagen Sie mir, wie stark Sie sich verbunden fühlen mit… (LAND QB10a)

Très attaché(e)

Assez attaché(e)

Pas très attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

Total 'Attaché(e)'

Total 'Pas attaché(e)'

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

Total 'Attached'

Total 'Not attached'

Sehr verbunden

Ziemlich verbunden

Nicht sehr verbunden

Überhaupt nicht verbunden

WN

Gesamt 'Verbunden'

Gesamt 'Nicht verbunden'

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

16

50

28

4

2

66

32

BE

17

49

31

3

0

66

34

BG

16

43

26

5

10

59

31

CZ

6

45

34

11

4

51

45

DK

12

55

32

1

0

67

33

D-W

18

57

22

2

1

75

24

DE

18

57

22

2

1

75

24

D-E

15

61

24

0

0

76

24

EE

6

35

50

8

1

41

58

IE

24

48

19

2

7

72

21

EL

14

50

32

4

0

64

36

ES

19

38

34

9

0

57

43

FR

20

55

23

1

1

75

24

IT

18

48

27

6

1

66

33

CY

29

46

24

1

0

75

25

LV

8

42

37

12

1

50

49

LT

6

36

49

9

0

42

58

LU

32

53

9

0

6

85

9

HU

8

34

39

18

1

42

57

MT

20

40

31

8

1

60

39

NL

10

43

43

4

0

53

47

AT

19

61

19

1

0

80

20

PL

8

40

32

12

8

48

44

PT

8

53

32

7

0

61

39

RO

15

48

23

2

12

63

25

SI

12

43

38

6

1

55

44

SK

12

63

23

1

1

75

24

FI

6

46

44

4

0

52

48

SE

19

57

23

1

0

76

24

UK

18

49

27

5

1

67

32

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB13.7 Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à leur ville ou village, à leur région, à leur pays ou à l'Union européenne. Veuillez me dire dans quelle mesure vous vous sentez attaché(e) à … (PAYS QB10b) QB13.7 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city,to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to… (COUNTRY QB10b) QB13.7 Man kann sich ja unterschiedlich stark verbunden fühlen mit seinem Dorf oder seiner Stadt, seiner Region, seinem Land oder der Europäischen Union. Bitte sagen Sie mir, wie stark Sie sich verbunden fühlen mit… (LAND QB10b)

%

Très attaché(e)

Assez attaché(e)

Pas très attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

Total 'Attaché(e)'

Total 'Pas attaché(e)'

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

Total 'Attached'

Total 'Not attached'

Sehr verbunden

Ziemlich verbunden

Nicht sehr verbunden

Überhaupt nicht verbunden

WN

Gesamt 'Verbunden'

Gesamt 'Nicht verbunden'

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

9

46

37

6

2

55

43

BE

8

48

40

4

0

56

44

BG

10

43

32

7

8

53

39

CZ

4

38

41

13

4

42

54 45

DK

5

50

43

2

0

55

D-W

10

52

34

2

2

62

36

DE

10

53

34

2

1

63

36

D-E

8

62

30

0

0

70

30

EE

2

31

56

10

1

33

66

IE

18

45

27

4

6

63

31

EL

6

41

45

8

0

47

53

ES

10

29

47

14

0

39

61

FR

12

57

28

2

1

69

30

IT

13

43

35

7

2

56

42

CY

13

38

44

4

1

51

48

LV

3

39

39

18

1

42

57 69

LT

3

28

57

12

0

31

LU

15

57

23

2

3

72

25

HU

5

29

42

23

1

34

65

MT

14

35

36

12

3

49

48

NL

4

36

52

8

0

40

60

AT

12

65

22

1

0

77

23

PL

6

30

35

18

11

36

53

PT

4

45

44

6

1

49

50

RO

10

45

32

3

10

55

35 54

SI

6

39

45

9

1

45

SK

8

52

37

2

1

60

39

FI

2

38

53

6

1

40

59

SE

8

58

32

2

0

66

34

UK

7

49

38

4

2

56

42

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB13.8 Les gens peuvent se sentir attachés à des degrés divers à leur ville ou village, à leur région, à leur pays ou à l'Union européenne. Veuillez me dire dans quelle mesure vous vous sentez attaché(e) à … L’Union européenne QB13.8 People may feel different levels of attachment to their village, town or city,to their region, to their country or to the European Union. Please tell me how attached you feel to… The European Union QB13.8 Man kann sich ja unterschiedlich stark verbunden fühlen mit seinem Dorf oder seiner Stadt, seiner Region, seinem Land oder der Europäischen Union. Bitte sagen Sie mir, wie stark Sie sich verbunden fühlen mit… Der Europäischen Union

%

Très attaché(e)

Assez attaché(e)

Pas très attaché(e)

Pas du tout attaché(e)

NSP

Total 'Attaché(e)'

Total 'Pas attaché(e)'

Very attached

Fairly attached

Not very attached

Not at all attached

DK

Total 'Attached'

Total 'Not attached'

Sehr verbunden

Ziemlich verbunden

Nicht sehr verbunden

Überhaupt nicht verbunden

WN

Gesamt 'Verbunden'

Gesamt 'Nicht verbunden'

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EB 73.3

Diff. EB 68.1

EU 27

12

1

41

3

32

-1

13

-2

2

-1

53

4

45

-3

BE

10

-10

40

-5

34

8

16

8

0

-1

50

-15

50

16

BG

15

7

39

7

29

2

12

-9

5

-7

54

14

41

-7 1

CZ

4

-1

36

2

42

3

15

-2

3

-2

40

1

57

DK

7

-5

31

0

42

-4

18

9

2

0

38

-5

60

5

D-W

14

1

44

3

33

-1

7

-3

2

0

58

4

40

-4

DE

13

1

42

2

34

-1

9

-2

2

0

55

3

43

-3

D-E

8

-1

35

1

37

-4

19

4

1

0

43

0

56

0

EE

5

-1

30

2

43

-5

20

3

2

1

35

1

63

-2

IE

11

1

41

3

30

0

11

-5

7

1

52

4

41

-5

EL

8

4

37

4

39

-2

16

-6

0

0

45

8

55

-8 -5

ES

14

2

47

6

30

1

8

-6

1

-3

61

8

38

FR

11

-5

44

3

32

3

12

-1

1

0

55

-2

44

2

IT

22

9

51

7

21

-10

5

-4

1

-2

73

16

26

-14

CY

7

3

22

1

46

2

24

-5

1

-1

29

4

70

-3

LV

9

0

40

4

31

-2

19

0

1

-2

49

4

50

-2

LT

7

-1

30

2

41

-3

20

3

2

-1

37

1

61

0

LU

21

1

48

10

21

-8

7

-3

3

0

69

11

28

-11

HU

16

-1

42

9

31

-4

9

-4

2

0

58

8

40

-8

MT

12

-7

38

8

29

6

19

-6

2

-1

50

1

48

0

NL

7

1

26

0

43

-6

24

5

0

0

33

1

67

-1

AT

13

1

41

12

36

-4

9

-8

1

-1

54

13

45

-12

PL

13

1

51

0

24

0

8

0

4

-1

64

1

32

0

PT

8

2

46

0

35

-3

11

2

0

-1

54

2

46

-1

RO

9

-10

37

0

30

6

11

2

13

2

46

-10

41

8

SI

8

-4

35

-1

44

7

12

-1

1

-1

43

-5

56

6

SK

14

5

48

15

31

-12

4

-9

3

1

62

20

35

-21

FI

4

1

29

5

49

-5

16

-2

2

1

33

6

65

-7

SE

5

-4

32

-2

46

7

16

1

1

-2

37

-6

62

8

UK

5

1

24

1

37

0

33

0

1

-2

29

2

70

0

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans QB14.1 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, pouvez-vous me dire laquelle de ces situations s’applique à vous. Vous avez le sentiment d’appartenir à QB14.1 For each of the following statements, please tell me which situation applies to you. You have the feeling that you belong to QB14.1 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der folgenden Aussagen, welche Situation auf Sie zutrifft Sie haben das Gefühl, dass Sie

%

Un des groupes minoritaires en Ni l’un ni l’autre – Un des groupes (NOTRE PAYS) en Pas de groupe en majoritaires en termes de particulier (NOTRE PAYS) religion, de (SPONTANE) culture ou d’origine ethnique

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

One of the One of the minority groups in Neither one nor the other – No majority groups (OUR COUNTRY) in (OUR in terms of specific group COUNTRY) religion, culture or (SPONTANEOUS) ethnic origin

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

in religiöser, Spontan: weder zu einer kultureller oder zur einer Mehrheit noch zu einer Mehrheitsgrupp ethnischer Minderheit e in (UNSEREM Hinsicht zu einer gehören / gehört LAND) gehören Minderheit in / gehört (UNSEREM LAND) keine bestimmte Gruppe gehören / gehört

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3 4

EU 27

70

9

16

1

BE

65

10

23

1

1

BG

82

9

6

1

2

CZ

85

4

8

1

2

DK

91

7

2

0

0

D-W

77

8

11

1

3

DE

76

8

12

1

3

D-E

70

7

18

0

5

EE

70

10

14

1

5

IE

71

7

16

2

4

EL

65

4

29

1

1

ES

78

13

4

1

4

FR

57

10

28

1

4

IT

58

6

26

4

6

CY

88

3

8

0

1

LV

62

11

20

1

6

LT

67

7

19

1

6

LU

51

18

23

1

7

HU

64

7

25

3

1

MT

75

6

8

0

11

NL

87

9

3

0

1

AT

68

7

20

3

2

PL

76

4

11

1

8

PT

35

7

46

2

10

RO

58

8

22

2

10

SI

72

7

18

2

1

SK

76

9

12

1

2

FI

90

4

5

0

1

SE

87

6

5

1

1

UK

76

14

6

0

4

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB14.2 Pour chacune des propositions suivantes, pouvez-vous me dire laquelle de ces situations s’applique à vous. Vous avez le sentiment que les gens en (NOTRE PAYS) vous perçoivent généralement comme appartenant à QB14.2 For each of the following statements, please tell me which situation applies to you. You have the feeling that people in (OUR COUNTRY) generally perceive you as belonging to QB14.2 Bitte sagen Sie mir für jede der folgenden Aussagen, welche Situation auf Sie zutrifft Sie haben das Gefühl, dass die Menschen in (UNSEREM LAND) Sie im Allgemeinen für jemanden halten, der

Un des groupes Ni l’un ni l’autre – Pas minoritaires en Un des groupes de groupe en (NOTRE PAYS) en majoritaires en Refus (SPONTANE) particulier termes de religion, (NOTRE PAYS) (SPONTANE) de culture ou d’origine ethnique

NSP

One of the minority One of the groups in (OUR majority groups COUNTRY) in terms in (OUR of religion, culture COUNTRY) or ethnic origin

Neither one nor the other – No specific group (SPONTANEOUS)

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

in religiöser, kultureller oder zu einer Mehrheitsgrupp ethnischer Hinsicht e in (UNSEREM zu einer Minderheit in (UNSEREM LAND) gehören LAND) gehören / / gehört gehört

Spontan: weder zur einer Mehrheit noch zu einer Minderheit gehören / gehört keine bestimmte Gruppe

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

EB 73.3

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

70

8

14

1

7

BE

66

8

23

1

2

BG

80

9

6

0

5

CZ

85

4

8

1

2

DK

92

5

2

0

1

D-W

77

8

10

1

4

DE

75

8

12

1

4

D-E

68

6

19

1

6

EE

70

9

13

1

7

IE

71

6

15

2

6

EL

65

4

29

1

1

ES

79

13

2

1

5

FR

56

7

28

1

8

IT

57

7

22

3

11

CY

84

3

8

1

4

LV

61

8

19

2

10

LT

66

4

21

1

8

LU

46

22

23

0

9

HU

63

7

23

4

3

MT

73

6

6

0

15

NL

90

7

2

0

1

AT

65

9

20

2

4

PL

75

2

10

2

11

PT

37

6

37

2

18

RO

55

7

22

2

14

SI

72

6

18

2

2

SK

75

9

11

1

4

FI

90

5

4

0

1

SE

87

5

5

1

2

UK

76

13

6

0

5

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB15 Sans tenir compte du fait que vous-même ou les autres pensent que vous appartenez à la majorité ou à un groupe minoritaire, pour lesquelles des raisons suivantes, s’il y en a, est-ce que les gens en (NOTRE PAYS) pourraient vous percevoir comme appartenant à un groupe en particulier ? Si vous n’avez pas d’opinion ou préférez ne pas répondre, dites-le moi. (PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB15 Regardless of whether you or others think that you belong to the majority or to a minority group, for which of the following reasons, if any, could people in (OUR COUNTRY) perceive you as belonging to a specific group? If you have no opinion or prefer not to answer, please say so. (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB15 Bitte sagen Sie mir, unabhängig davon, ob Sie sich selbst oder andere Sie einer Mehrheitsgruppe oder einer Minderheit zuordnen, aus welchen der folgenden Gründe, sofern überhaupt, die Menschen in (UNSEREM LAND) Sie einer bestimmten Gruppe zuordnen könnten. Falls Sie keine Meinung dazu haben oder nicht antworten möchten, sagen Sie dies bitte. (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

1/2

Votre apparence ou votre condition physique

Votre religion

Votre nom

Votre âge

Your physical condition or appearance

Your religion

Your name

Your age

Your clothes, The area where Your skin colour the way you are or ethnic origin you live dressed

Ihr Name

Ihr Alter

Ihre Hautfarbe Ihre Kleidung / Die Gegend, in oder ethnische die Art, wie Sie der Sie wohnen sich kleiden Herkunft

Ihre körperliche Ihre Verfassung Religionszugehö oder rigkeit Erscheinung

L’endroit où vous vivez

La couleur de votre peau ou vos origines ethniques

Vos vêtements, la façon dont vous vous habillez

EB 73.3

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

14

17

15

7

19

22

9

BE

17

12

19

9

16

27

10

BG

11

25

19

4

14

23

4

CZ

22

5

12

6

33

29

11

DK

20

12

18

4

9

19

14

D-W

11

18

20

4

22

26

12

DE

11

17

18

5

21

26

12

D-E

12

13

11

10

21

25

12

EE

11

5

21

9

35

15

9

IE

19

20

24

6

29

30

8

EL

6

43

14

6

17

26

6

ES

11

9

6

6

15

11

5

FR

12

9

14

7

9

12

8

IT

16

20

15

6

22

20

8

CY

18

49

32

1

18

22

6

LV

11

6

15

5

19

11

7

LT

6

11

14

7

13

7

2

LU

11

11

14

5

13

13

5

HU

13

6

12

7

21

18

9

MT

6

36

6

3

20

15

7

NL

26

16

19

12

19

34

17

AT

15

33

17

10

27

37

20

PL

7

26

10

6

22

14

4

PT

13

15

4

4

10

28

7

RO

6

30

13

10

26

12

4

SI

13

11

16

5

18

13

7

SK

6

9

8

6

24

14

3

FI

23

13

21

12

19

17

11

SE

36

16

44

9

21

39

19

UK

22

18

18

9

20

37

12

Special Eurobarometer 346 – New Europeans

QB15 Sans tenir compte du fait que vous-même ou les autres pensent que vous appartenez à la majorité ou à un groupe minoritaire, pour lesquelles des raisons suivantes, s’il y en a, est-ce que les gens en (NOTRE PAYS) pourraient vous percevoir comme appartenant à un groupe en particulier ? Si vous n’avez pas d’opinion ou préférez ne pas répondre, dites-le moi. (PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB15 Regardless of whether you or others think that you belong to the majority or to a minority group, for which of the following reasons, if any, could people in (OUR COUNTRY) perceive you as belonging to a specific group? If you have no opinion or prefer not to answer, please say so. (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB15 Bitte sagen Sie mir, unabhängig davon, ob Sie sich selbst oder andere Sie einer Mehrheitsgruppe oder einer Minderheit zuordnen, aus welchen der folgenden Gründe, sofern überhaupt, die Menschen in (UNSEREM LAND) Sie einer bestimmten Gruppe zuordnen könnten. Falls Sie keine Meinung dazu haben oder nicht antworten möchten, sagen Sie dies bitte. (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH) Votre culture, vos valeurs, votre mode de vie

La langue que vous parlez, votre accent

Votre environnement social

Votre profession

Your language or accent

Your social background

Your occupation

Ihre Sprache oder Ihr Akzent

Ihre soziale Herkunft

Ihr Beruf

Ihre Kultur, Werte, Lebensweise

%

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EU 27

34

14

BE

34

17

BG

31

CZ

41

Autre (SPONTANE)

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

Spontan: Andere

Spontan: Verweigert

WN

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

EB 73.3

7

30

2

6

22

7

26

2

4

19

17

4

27

0

6

27

20

7

37

1

6

17

DK

27

9

11

25

4

6

33

D-W

47

19

8

41

2

5

14

DE

45

19

9

39

2

5

15

D-E

36

20

10

36

1

4

20

EE

42

22

9

40

1

9

23

IE

49

22

9

31

2

3

13

EL

50

20

8

36

1

13

8

ES

29

13

4

28

3

9

21

FR

18

7

7

19

2

7

41

IT

33

7

5

38

2

5

16

CY

66

8

3

56

2

6

5

LV

40

15

7

37

0

10

21

LT

14

4

4

13

3

9

47

2/2

Your culture, Other values, lifestyle (SPONTANEOUS)

LU

42

11

12

26

2

7

20

HU

19

14

9

34

1

15

18

MT

38

13

10

45

0

2

20

NL

44

23

12

41

2

2

9

AT

48

30

12

41

2

8

12

PL

21

14

5

18

1

5

31 27

PT

26

8

6

22

2

5

RO

30

14

8

21

2

5

30

SI

38

9

5

34

8

14

15

SK

27

8

6

25

2

13

19

FI

32

13

15

24

1

4

25

SE

48

26

16

42

3

6

12

UK

45

17

7

25

2

4

18