Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
CGEMP Conference, Paris, May 30th and 31st Colin Vance
Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
Background §
An increasing number of industrialized countries back public financing of renewable energies.
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Germany's support scheme, based on feed-in-tariffs (FITs), is often cited as a role model, one that sets “a shining example in providing a harvest for the world” (The Guardian, 2007).
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We reviewed the Germany's FIT, focusing on its costs, its impacts on job creation, climate protection and energy security.
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Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
Preview of findings §
Our analysis suggests that Germany's support scheme is:
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expensive,
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neither creates jobs,
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nor reduces emissions,
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and does not contribute to energy security.
Colin Vance: Renewable Energy Promotion
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Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
Germany’s endowment with sun
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Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
RE contribution to electricity generation Beitrag der erneuerbaren Energien zur Strombereitstellung in Deutschland EEG: Januar 2012
140.000
120.000
Wasserkraft
Windenergie
Biomasse *
Photovoltaik EEG: August 2004
[GWh]
100.000
EEG: Januar 2009
EEG: April 2000
80.000
Novelle BauGB: November 1997 60.000
40.000
StromEinspG: Januar 1991 - März 2000
20.000
0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 * Feste und flüssige Biomasse, Biogas, Klär- und Deponiegas, biogener Anteil des Abfalls; 1 GWh = 1 Mio. kWh; Aufgrund geringer Strommengen ist die Tiefengeothermie nicht dargestellt; StromEinspG: Stromeinspeisungsgesetz; BauGB: Baugesetzbuch; EEG: Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz; Quelle: BMU - E I 1 nach Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat); Hintergrundbild: BMU / Christoph Edelhoff; Stand: Februar 2013; Angaben vorläufig
Colin Vance: Renewable Energy Promotion
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Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
PV development Entwicklung der Strombereitstellung und installierten Leistung von Photovoltaikanlagen in Deutschland 36.000
36.000
2012: 32.643 MWp
Energiebereitstellung [GWh]
32.000
installierte Leistung [MWp]
8.000
28.000
19.340
11.729
6.583
4.420
3.075
0
2.220
8
6
3
2
1
4.000
1.282
8.000
556
12.000
313
12.000
162
16.000
76
16.000
64
20.000
42
20.000
32
24.000
26
24.000
16
28.000
11
28.000
4.000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Quelle: BMU - E I 1 nach Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat); 1 GWh = 1 Mio. kWh; 1 MW = 1 Mio. Watt; Hintergrundbild: BMU / Bernd Müller; Stand: Februar 2013; Angaben vorläufig
Colin Vance: Renewable Energy Promotion
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[MWp]
[GWh]
32.000
Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
Investment Investitionen in die Errichtung von ErneuerbareEnergien-Anlagen in Deutschland im Jahr 2012 Investitionen in Erneuerbare-Energien-Anlagen: 19,5 Mrd. Euro Wasserkraft
70 Mio. Euro
Geothermie *
930 Mio. Euro
Solarthermie
990 Mio. Euro
Biomasse (Wärme)
1.050 Mio. Euro
Biomasse (Strom)
1.500 Mio. Euro
Windenergie
3.750 Mio. Euro 11.200 Mio. Euro
Photovoltaik 0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
* Großanlagen und Wärmepumpen; Abweichungen in den Summen durch Rundungen; Quelle: Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW); Stand: Februar 2013; Angaben vorläufig
Colin Vance: Renewable Energy Promotion
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12.000
[Mio. Euro]
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Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
Facts & Figures § §
Under German law, renewables receive guaranteed technology-specific feed-intariffs for all electricity produced over 20 years. Technologies are effectively supported based on their (lack of) competitiveness: the less competitive, the higher the tariff. Technology-Specific Feed-in Tariffs in Euro Cents per kWh
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In comparison: conventional electricity production cost are between 2 and 9 Cents per kWh. Colin Vance: Renewable Energy Promotion
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Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
Facts & Figures §
In 2002, the total amount of feed-in-tariffs was roughly €2.23 bn.
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In 2010, it was €13.2 bn; in 2012, the figure is €18 bn.
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While PV receives more than 48% of feed-in tariffs, it accounts for only about 20.6% of renewable electricity.
Share of Feed-in Tariffs by Technology
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Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
Renewable share and levy, 2000-2012 200
6 5,3
180
5
160 140 3,5
120
4
3,6
100
3
Renweable Share Levy
80
2,0 2
60 1,1
40
1
22,9 20
0,2
0
6,8 2000
11,6 0 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Sources: Grösche and Schröder, 2012 Prognose der EEG-Umlage 2010 -2013 BMU, 2013
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Germany’s Renewable Energy Promotion
0
5
10
15
Share of household income spent on electricity, 2010
