Composition and chemical properties of slag from MSW combustion in a grate fired incinerator and coarse bottam ashes from RDF combustion in a fluidized bed incinerator

Dr. Thomas Linsmeyer Technical Division Heard of Department for Quality, Safety and Environment

© SBE

AVE Österreich GmbH, A-4063 Hörsching, Flughafenstraße 8, Telefon +43 / 50 / 283-0, Fax +43 / 50 / 283-110, [email protected], www.ave.at Ein Unternehmen der AVE Energie AG Umwelt

Energie AG Oberösterreich Management Board: Dkfm. Dr. Leo Windtner (Vorsitzender) Ing. DDr. Werner Steinecker MBA; Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Roland Pumberger

AVE Gruppe The No. 1 in Waste 100 % subsidiary of Energie AG Oberösterreich Management: Mag. Helmut Burger; Ing. Helmut Ehrengruber Linz (Oberösterreich)

2

The AVE Group Bavaria

Moldavia

Austria

Romania

Slovakia

South Tyrol

Czech Republic

Ukraine

Hungary

Total

13.2

0.2

231.5

4.5

6,9

1,3

80.5

0.3

68.4

406.8

Employees

170

17

1.371

310

223

11

1.448

44

1.655

5.249

Private customers

695.000

12.000

2.375.000

300.000

35.000

50.000

1.282.000

40.000

1.500.000

6.289.000

Trade and industry customers

3.000

80

13.550

1.500

667

30

26.000

500

15.000

60.327

Market position

-

-

No.1

-

No.4

-

No.3

-

No.1

-

Sites

8

1

37

11

8

1

38

4

43

151

Lorries

78

3

318

60

32

5

589

6

330

1.421

Turnover (EUR million)

Jänner 2009

3

Recycling

LOGISTICS

Processing

LOGISTICS

Collection

LOGISTICS

Value chain of AVE

Disposal

4

11 mechanical pre-treatment and sorting plants

[4] [6] Austria: Hörsching: Katsdorf: Wels: Redlham: Redlham: Timelkam:

30,000 t/a 2,100 t/a 220,000 t/a 84,700 t/a 30,000 t/a 34,500 t/a

Czech Republic: Kutna Hora: Usti Nad Labem: Jindrichuv Hradec: Plzen:

2,300 t/a 5,000 t/a 400 t/a 13,000 t/a

[1] Hungary: Miskolc: 6,500 t/a

5

3 incineration plants Czech Republic: Pardubice (planning phase) 20,000 t/a

[1]

[2] Austria: Wels WAV: 300,000 t/a Lenzing RVL: 300,000 t/a

6

36 landfills

[6] [1] [4]

[6] [19]

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MSW incineration plant AVE Wels

Thermal treatment of untreated domestic waste and pre-treated industrial waste of a domestic nature, bulky wastes and sewage sludge (10% = approx. 30,000 t/a) • Thermal capacity: 108 MW • Mechanical capacity: up to 300,000 t • Electricity production: up to 175 million kWh/a • District heating: up to 45 MW

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MSW incineration plant AVE Wels

Grate furnace + steam boiler

flue gas treatment plant electrostatic dust precipitator

Grate furnace + steam boiler

wet scrubber

fixed bed activated coke filter

flue gas treatment plant

chimney de-NOx plant

chimney

electrostatic dust wet scrubber entrained bed reactor de-NOx plant precipitator economizer baghouse filter

9

RDF incineration plant RVL Lenzing

Thermal treatment of pre-treated packaging material, screen residues, rejects, waste timber, sewage sludge, etc. • Thermal capacity: 110 MW •

Mechanical capacity: 300,000 t

•

Process steam output (for Lenzing AG): 130 t/h

10 10

RDF incineration plant RVL Lenzing

Pre-treatment Shredder sieves

furnace + steam boiler storage

extern. circ. fluidized bed

multi cyclone

flue gas treatment plant baghouse filter

wet scrubbers

chimney

de-NOx plant

11

Periodical quality control

pile of slag

sample of coarse bottom ash 12

Obligation to determine the maximum capacity for certain wastes … sampeling and mass reduction

homogenization

classification

13

… by identifying the transfer coefficients into the combustion residues and emissions destruction of non-metalic materials

as a “by-product” we learned that • 18 – 22 % moisture and 2 - 5 % crystal water • 4.6 % ferrous metals • 0.42 % brass • 0.32 % transformers, electric motors, coils, … • 0.28 % copper • 0.15 % zinc and • 0.09 % batteries and accumulators are disposed off with the slag fraction larger than 6.3 mm

hand-picking 14

2007: first sorting trials with 130 tons wet slag

fresh wet slag for testing

hand.-picking of metals and unburnt materials

about 80 % smaller than 12 mm 15

2007: first sorting trials with 130 tons wet slag ferrous metals in fraction < 12 mm

hand picked ferrous metals

ferrous metals in fraction > 12 mm

• only 0.5 % ferrous metals in the slag fraction smaller than 12 mm but • 3.7 % ferrous metals and • 0.45 % non-ferrous metals in the slag fraction larger than 12 mm (values are given as recovered including contaminations and are based on the total slag input)

non-ferrous metals in fraction > 12 mm

mobile eddy current separator 16

2008: lead to further evaluation of pre-treatment and separation technologies with 1,000 tons wet slag and 130 tons bottom ash ..

which indicated, that the metal recovery could be increased to • approx. 2.0 % non-ferrous metals for the wet slag and to • 0.9 to 4.5 % ferrous metals and • 3.1 to 4.0 % non ferrous metals for the bottom ash and that there are • about 40 % of (marketable) glass in the bottom ash

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and subsequent processing of approx. 32,200 tons wet slag and approx. 3,200 tons bottom ash in a mobile sorting plant screen and magnetic separators

dosing system and magnetic separator

hand-picking cabin

induction separator

screen

eddy current separators 18

recovering

830 tons non-ferrous metals (2.6 %) from MSW slag (consisting of more than 75 % Aluminum)

105 tons non-ferrous metals (3.3 %) from RDF bottom ash (consisting of more than 65 % Copper, brass and stainless steels)

and 625 tons ferrous metals

19

Because of the obvious large amount of coins and jewelry found in the bottom ash approx. 286 kg of nonferrous metals were hand-picked recovering 6.2 kg coins

467 g silver jewelry

(including 2.45 kg € coins and 1.32 kg Schilling coins)

and some diamond-bearing jewelry

31 g gold jewelry

20

Because precondition for recovery of coins and precious metals is a dry slag, dry discharging was tested at line 2

View on dry discharged slag in the vibrating conveyor

21

Furthermore, metals recovered from dry discharged slag contain less adherences and are of a higher quality Non-ferrous metals recovered from fresh wet slag

Non-ferrous metals recovered from dry discharged slag

Non-ferrous metals recovered from altered wet slag

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Influence of dry discharging and altering on slag deposition

Korngrößenverteilung

40 ,0 00

20 ,0 00

15 ,0 00

0,00 8, 00 0 11 ,2 00

0,0 % 6, 30 0

20,00 10,00

4, 00 0

10,0 % 5,0 %

2, 00 0

40,00 30,00

1, 00 0

50,00

20,0 % 15,0 %

0, 50 0

25,0 %

0, 25 0

70,00 60,00

0, 12 5

35,0 % 30,0 %

0, 06 3

90,00 80,00