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"I JFOÍ >IOBABALO E>@F> BI AFP@ÈMRIL V AFGL e6L MRAFBO> E>?I>OIB > *F ->AOB V "I JB BKSF>OÈ> AL@B IBDFLKBP AB KDBIBP PF 6L NRFPFBO>q -FI>QL KL LVÍ BPL 2AP P>?BK e\0F 1Ó BOBPƮ 0F 1Ó BOBP ,E ÄPB KL BP "I -RBP JÈOBKIL > "I P>KDO>KAL ,FD>K >IDRKLP AB 2AP PLIA>ALP S>V>K >II½ V BP@RM>K BK 0R @>O>q )L BP@RMFBOLK PB ?ROI>OLK AB "I >OO>K@>OLK MRÌ>ALP AB ?>O?> AB 0R @>O> e\,E "I KL BPƮ \+L ÄPB KL BP "IƮ %LJ?OB VL @I>S>OÄ JF >DRFGÍK BK "I )L SLV > >D>OO>O > "I >II½ >OOF?> \ ELO> QB QBKDLƮq R>KAL "I BU@I>JÍ >I CFK>I e\"IÈƮ \"IÈƮ \!FLP *ÈLƮ \!FLP *ÈLƮq "PB BO> RK ELJ?OB et-LO NRÄ JB E>P ABP>JM>O>AL q "K BI ERBOQL ABI $BQPBJ>KÈ I> RK@FÍK IL ABGÍ 2AP P>?BK "I QBKÈ> NRB JLOFO @LJL RK MB@>ALO "I JROFÍ MB@>ALO 2AP P>?BK BPL KL 0RP MB@>ALP MBOL ILP JÈLP V ILP AB 2AP IIÈ BP ALKAB BPB >JLO BKQO> \@ÍJL "I QLJÍ ILP JÈLPƮ \,E >IBIRV> @ÍJL "I QLJÍ ILP JÈLPƮ 6 >IIÈ BPQ>?> "I "I KL MLAÈ> >?OFO 0R ?L@> DRFGÍK AFGL e2AP P>?BK VL @OBL NRB ÄPB BO> Q>K PÍIL RK ELJ?OB LOAFK>OFL "I KL K>@FÍ AB RK> SFODBK MLONRB VL @I>SÄ JF >DRFGÍK BK "Iq 6 >NRÈ SFBKB ÄI JBQFÍ PR >DRFGÍK BK "I \MBOL ELJ?OB ÄP> CRB I> L@>PFÍK BNRFSL@>A>Ʈ )B P>@>OLK BI >DRFGÍK BKQLK@BP !BPAB BKQLK@BP V> KL MRBAB MF@>O ÄI ABGÍ PR >DRFGÍK >IIÈ >ABKQOL 0B IBS>KQÍ >I QBO@BO AÈ> V AFGL e6L PLV BI NRB BPQRSB JRBOQL V BPQ½ SFSL AB KRBSL V SFSL MLO ILP PFDILP AB ILP PFDILP 6L QBKDL I>P II>SBP AB I> JRBOQB V ABI %>ABPq 0È PBÌLO "I C>IIÍ BK SBO .RFÄK BO> ÄPB e6 MLONRB 6L SFSL SLPLQOLP Q>J?FÄK SFSFOÄFP ÓK KL PB E> J>KFCBPQ>ALƿq 2K AÈ> QOBP L @R>QOL AÈ>P ABPMRÄP AB BPL ABPMRÄP AB NRB "I E>?È> >P@BKAFAL >I ->AOB E>?È> OBDOBP>AL BKQLK@BP >IDRKLP AFGBOLK e,E "I BP RKƿ"Iǀ"I AB?B PBO RK C>KQ>PJ> !B?B AB E>?BO >IDL C>KQ>PJ>I @LK OBPMB@QL > BPB QFML 6 KLPLQOLPƿ2AP IL SFBOLK > "I 2AP SFBOLK I> SFPFÍKq e+L "I BO> BI SBOA>ABOL 'BPÓPq 1LJ½P AFGL e!ÄGBKJB SBO 0RP J>KLP V QLAL VL IBP AFOÄ PF IL BPq "I AFGL e NRÈ BPQLVq !FGL et1FBKBK RK ML@L AB MBP@>AL V M>K >IIÈ 1O½FD>KJB RK BJM>OBA>ALq 6 BIILP IB QO>GBOLK RK BJM>OBA>AL V "I BPQRSL >IIÈ V PB IL @LJFÍ !FGL e ELO> t@LJB RK BPMÈOFQR @LJL VL @LJL t1FBKB RK BPMÈOFQR @>OKB V ERBPLP @LJL VL ILP QBKDL q t3BK "I AFGL e6L PLV "I 6L PLV BPBq 6 ->?IL AFGL e ÓK KL PB J>KFCFBPQ> BU>@Q>JBKQB NRÄ @I>PB AB @RBOML QBKAOBJLP MBOL P>?BJLP NRB QBKAOBJLP RK @RBOML @LJL BI 0RVLq t.RÄ t1RSL "I >IDRK> SBW BPB @RBOML QBLC½KF@L \0È PBÌLOƮ R>KAL "I JROFÍ I> F?IF> AF@B NRB e"Iq BP RK MOLKLJ?OB MBOPLK>I LQO> SBW e"I CRB >I FKCFBOKL V MOBAF@Í > I>P >IJ>P BK@>O@BI>A>Pq \ IBIRV>Ʈ t ÍJL IL EFWL "I "I QBKÈ>
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PBKQFAL ABI Q>@QL "I QBKÈ> PBKQFAL ABI LÈAL "I QBKÈ> PBKQFAL ABI E>?I> "I MOBAF@Í @LK BP> JFPJ> @I>PB AB @RBOML BK NRB SF > >NRBIILP DILOFCF@>ALP I> LQO> KL@EB "I IB MOBAF@Í > I>P >IJ>P NRB BPQ>?>K BK BI FKCFBOKL NRB KL PB >OOBMFKQFBOLK BK I> M>@FBK@F> AB ILP AÈ>P AB +LÄ -BOL @R>KAL "I PB IBS>KQÍ BK I> ->P@R> KL BO> MLPF?IB NRB BPB @RBOML CRBO> > SBO @LOORM@FÍK MLONRB !>SFA BI MOLCBQ> IL SFL >KQF@FM>A>JBKQB e6L KL ABG>OÄ 0R >IJ> BK BI %>ABP KF MBOJFQFOÄ NRB *F 0>KQL SB> @LOORM@FÍK RK *F @>OKB ABP@>KP>O½ BK BPMBO>KW> MLONRB "I KL ABG>O½ *F >IJ> BK BI %>ABP KF "I MBOJFQFO½ NRB *F 0>KQL SB> @LOORM@FÍKq 6 PBQBKQ> V ALP ELO>P >KQBP AB NRB I> @LOORM@FÍK MRAFBO> BKQO>O BP> QBLC>KÈ> BPB @RBOML NRB CRB V MOBAF@Í > I>P >IJ>P NRB BPQ>?>K BK@>O@BI>A>P NRB KL PB >OOBMFKQFBOLK BK I> M>@FBK@F> AB ILP AÈ>P AB +LÄ OBPR@FQÍ AB KRBSL V IL JLOQ>I PB SFPQFÍ AB FKJLOQ>IFA>A V "I PB M>OÍ V @LJFÍ V "I KLP AFGL NRB "I BO> RK %LJ?OB \ IBIRV>Ʈ PÈ BP @LJL IL SBOBJLP > "I %BOJ>KL "S>KP "KQLK@BP BP @R>KAL "I PB PBKQ>O½ BK BI QOLKL AB !>SFA \ IBIRV>Ʈ "KQLK@BP BP @R>KAL @>JFK>OBJLP AB >OOF?> >?>GL VL QLJ>OÄ RK SF>GB @LK 2AP MLO I>P JLKQ>Ì>P MLO RK JFIIÍK AB >ÌLP tSBK PÍIL RKLP @R>KQLP AÈ>P PÍIL RKLP @R>KQLP JLJBKQLP S>JLP > M>P>O MLO >II½ KLP PBKQ>OBJLP >II½
6 IIBD> BI JLJBKQL AB @LJBO 2AP P>?BK @R>KAL RKL JBKLP IL MFBKP> I> %BOJ>K> 4LLAP AFGLƿ6L AFGB e%BOJ>K> 4LLA MRBP tAÍKAB E> BPQ>AL QLAL BPQB QFBJML 6L KL I> EB SFPQL MLOƿ JB M>OB@B @LJL NRB E>K PFAL NRFK@B JFKRQLPq e,E BPL CRB E>@B ALP JFI >ÌLP %BOJ>KL O>KE>Jq e G½ t ÍJL PB PFBKQB q ,E MLO PRMRBPQL RKL KL PB MRBAB PBKQFO PFKL ?FBK e,FD>K SBKD>K >NRÈ JR@E>@ELP IBP SLV > BKPBÌ>O >IDL EBOJ>KLP JFP NRBOFALP EBOJ>KLP NRÈ BPQ½ RK> CRBKQB AB >DR> I> JBGLO NRB 2AP E>V>K ?B?FAL 6 LE QLJ>OBJLP RK ?RBK QO>DL COÈL I@>KW>OÄ >II½ >OOF?> V QLJ>OÄ RK O>@FJL DO>KAB AB RS>P V QLALP KLP PBKQ>OBJLP >IIÈ V KLP IL @LJBOBJLPq t+L PBOÈ> J>O>SFIILPL BPL "PL BP BU>@Q>JBKQB IL NRB BP "P BPL BU>@Q>JBKQB t ÍJL L?QRSFJLP BPQL t ÍJL IL P>?BJLP \!FLP >KQBP AB I> CRKA>@FÍK ABI JRKAL KLP MOBABPQFKÍƮ t NRFÄKBP >NRBIILP NRB BPQ½K BK I> 1FBOO> MOLJBQFA> DžOQDCDRSHM@CN @ RDQ @CNOS@CNR GHINRDžONQ LDCHN CD )DRTBQHRSN RDFÖM 0R OTQN @EDBSN CD RT UNKTMS@C /@Q@ >I>?>KW>P CD 0R FKNQH@Dž->O> NRB MRAFÄO>JLP >I>?>OIL @LJL "I AFGL "PL BP IL NRB "I BO> !FLP NRBOBJLP >I>?>OILƿ>I>?>KW>P CD 0R FKNQH@ CD RT FQ@BH@ BNM K@ BT@K MNR GHYN >@BMQ>?IBP DM DK L@CN 0LJLP >@BMQLP BK OFPQL
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$M PTHDM SDMDLNR QDCDMBHÐM ONQ I> R@MFQD DK ODQCÐM CD M B @ > A L PDž 1BKDL NRB OBDOBP>O > >ALM@FÍK MBOL NRFBOL ABQBKBOJB BK eMB@>ALPq >NRÈ RK JLJBKQL e-B@>ALPq tPB CFG>OLK BK BPL t0>?È>K NRB !FLP KL @LKABK> > RK MB@>ALO MLO MB@>O "I IL @LKABK> MLO PBO RK MB@>ALO 0F RK MB@>ALO PB CRJ> RK MROL "I KL IL @LKABK> MLO BPL ÄI BP RK MB@>ALO AB QLA>P J>KBO>P t3BK t3BK "I KL QFBKB MB@>ALP KL BI MB@>ALO "I PÍIL BP RK MB@>ALO tSBK ÄI KL QFBKB MB@>ALP -BOL 2AP QFBKBK MB@>ALP 2AP NRB PLK OFPQF>KLP 2KL PB A> @RBKQ> >NRÈ NRB ÄI IB BPQ½ E>?I>KAL > I> &DIBPF> *>KQÄKD>KIL BK IÈKB> t3BK t3BK e-BOAÍK AB MB@>ALPq M B @ > A L P +LPLQOLP @LJBQBJLP MB@>ALP -BOL BI MB@>ALO PÍIL BP RK MB@>ALO !FLP KL IL MBOALK> ELO> 2AP AF@BK e RBKL ÄI P>IFÍ >NRÈ V IB AFPM>OÍ > RK ELJ?OB t.RÄ S> > E>@BO 2A >I OBPMB@QL q "PL KL BP >PRKQL JÈL 6L KL PLV RK OBCLOJ>ALO PLV RK MOBAF@>ALO )> IBV PB E>O½ @>ODL AB BPL BIILP PLK OBCLOJ>ALOBP "IILP PLKƿe RBKLq AF@BK eÄI @LJBQFÍ >ARIQBOFLq "PL BPLǀBPL ABMBKAB AB I> IBV "PL BP BKQOB ÄI V I> IBV 6LǀVLǀVLǀVL KL PLV RK OBCLOJ>ALO VL KL OBCLOJL > I> DBKQB 6L NRFBOL @LKSBOQFOILP 6L PLV RK MOBAF@>ALO tSBK JF >PRKQL BP IIBS>OIL > !FLP 0F ÄI MB@Í ÄPB BP >PRKQL PRVL ÄI BP RK MB@>ALO !FLP IL @LKABK> BK RK KFSBI J½P >IQL "I BP RK MB@>ALO M>O> @LJBKW>O ÄI BPQ½ @LKABK>AL M>O> @LJBKW>O "I KF PFNRFBO> IIBDÍ > MOFJBO> ?>PB ÄIǀÄI KL BPQ½ BK KFKDRK> M>OQB "I BP RK MB@>ALO M>O> @LJBKW>O "I KL QFBKB MB@>ALP ÄI BP RK MB@>ALO 2KL KL MLAOÈ> P>IFO V AB@FO e$RSD Q>KQL BP KL@EB V DRSD Q>KQL KL BP KL@EBq +L QLAL BIIL BP KL@EB QLAL BP KL@EB "PL BP IL NRB !FLP AFGL "PL BP @LOOB@QL ÄI PÍIL BP RK MB@>ALO BPL BP QLAL e ELO> ÄI EFWL BPQL DRSD Q>KQL BP KL@EB DRS@ BP RK> KL@EB JRV @I>O> >NRÈq 6L PÄ MBOL QLAL BIIL BP KL@EB BPL BP QLAL t3BK 6L KL MRAFBO> AB@FO e$RSD Q>KQL >NRÈ BP IRWq +L QLAL BIIL BP IRW tSBK PÍIL IRW 2AP KL MRBABK AB@FO NRÄ Q>KQL t3BK -BOL PF BP RK ½OB> KBDO> BK DRSN BKQLK@BP E>V LP@ROFA>A BK BIIL PÈ NRB eMB@>ALPq M B @ > A L P QBKBJLP MBOAÍK AB KRBPQOLP MB@>ALP MLO JBAFL AB 0R tNRÄ 0>KDOB MOB@FLP> 0>KDOB DžRDFÖM K@R QHPTDY@R CD RTDž t ÍJL IL LISFA>JLP t-LONRB PLJLP AFDKLP MLONRB EF@FJLP >IDL M>O> NRB KRBPQOLP MB@>ALP CRBO>K MBOALK>ALP t0R NRÄ DžFQ@BH@ \,E EBOJ>KLPƮ +L QO>FDL K>A> BK JFP ?O>WLP 0BÌLO +>A> MRAFBO> VL E>@BO KL E>V RK> PLI> @LP> NRB MRAFBO> E>@BO \*FOBKƮ "I JB MOBABPQFKÍ "I JB II>JÍ "I JB BIFDFÍ 6L KRK@> IL BIBDÈ > "I "I JB BIFDFÍ "I ILP BIFDFÍ > 2AP "I KLP BIFDFÍ > QLALP KLPLQOLP +LPLQOLP KL IL BIBDFJLP > "I 'BPÓP AFGL e+L JB BIBDFPQBFP SLPLQOLP > *È 6L LP BIBDÈ > SLPLQOLPq "I AFGL e+FKDRKL
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MRBAB SBKFO > *È PF *F ->AOB KL IB QO>GBOB MOFJBOL V QLAL IL NRB BI ->AOB JB E> A>AL SBKAO½ > *È 6 KFKDRKL AB BIILP PB MBOAFÍ BU@BMQL BI EFGL AB MBOAF@FÍK M>O> @RJMIFO I>ǀI> "P@OFQRO>q t3BK 2AP !FGL e-BOL QLAL IL NRB BI ->AOB JB E> A>AL SBKAO½ > *Èq ,E PB JB BPQ½ E>@FBKAL JRV Q>OAB tKL BP >PÈ 6 KL EB P>IFAL AB BPQL 1LA>SÈ> KL EB @LJBKW>AL @LK BPQL -BOJÈQ>KJB A>OJB MOFP> >ELO> QBKDL NRB IIBD>O > >IDL >NRÈ O½MFA>JBKQB V KLP A>JLP MOFP> 1BKDL NRB OBDOBP>O > BPQ> >ALM@FÍK MLO RK JLJBKQL ,E tJB MBOALK>OÈ>K PÍIL MLOǀPÍIL MLO RK JLJBKQL 1LJBJLP BPQL >NRÈ >IDRK>P AB BPQ>P MBOPLK>P BPQ½K >NRÈ SFKFBKAL ABPAB >II½ AB $BLODF> PÍIL M>O> BPQ> KL@EB ?BKAFQLP PB>K PRP @LO>WLKBP ELO> EBOJ>KLP AB $BLODF> V AB 1BU>P V AB ALKABNRFBO> NRB PB>K BP@R@EBK BPQB SBOPÈ@RIL .RBAÄJLKLP BK BIIL RKLP @R>KQLP JLJBKQLP DžG@AHÇMCNMNR OQDCDRSHM@CN O@Q@O@Q@Dž t.RÄ NRFBOB AB@FO I> M>I>?O> eM>O>q I> M>I>?O> eM>O>q .RFBOB AB@FO >IDL > IL NRB S>JLP > IIBD>O M>O> e6L SLV M>O> I> CRBKQB 6L SLV M>O> I> PFII>q %RJBP t@>MQÍ BPL e6L SLV M>O> BI BP@OFQLOFLq GNQ@ "I KLP E> OQDCDRSHM@CN O@Q@ RDQ @CNOS@CNR GHINR RTXNR ONQ LDCHN CD )DRTBQHRSN RDFÖM 0R MOLMFL OTQN @EDBSN CD RT UNKTMS@C t R½KQL >CB@QL t"O> BI >CB@QL AB NRFÄK I> ?LKA>A AB NRFÄK )> 0RV> MOLMF> \0R MOLMFL V MROL >CB@QL AB 0R MOLMF> 3LIRKQ>AƮ ELO> tNRÄ BP e>ALM@FÍKq ELO> AÄGBKJB QLJ>O BPQL VL KL PÄ PFƿ+L SLV > QBKBO QFBJML M>O> QBOJFK>O BPQL MBOL IL SLV > QL@>O "KQLK@BP PF E>V RK> MOBDRKQ> 2AP MRBABK MOBDRKQ>OJB RK ML@L ABPMRÄP BK >IDRK> L@>PFÍK BK RK JBKP>GB >IDL "P@R@EBK )> >ALM@FÍK AB 2AP KL BP PR K>@FJFBKQL )> >ALM@FÍK AB 2AP BP PR @LIL@>@FÍK R>KAL 2AP K>@FBOLK AB KRBSL 'R>K @OBL @R>KAL EBJLP K>@FAL ABI "PMÈOFQR AB !FLP PLJLP EFGLP AB !FLP -BOL CRFJLP MOBABPQFK>ALP ELO> >NRÈ BPQ½ > IL NRB BPQLV QO>Q>KAL AB IIBS>OILP M>O> BPQLP EFGLP AB ILP ÓIQFJLP AÈ>P tSBK 2AP ->O>ƿ t3BK #RFJLP MOBABPQFK>ALP > M>O> PBO >ALMQ>ALP ELO> >ELO> >NRÈ BPQ>JLP ELO> BPQL BP IL NRB IBP ARBIB RK MLNRFQL > ILP -BKQB@LPQ>IBP "IILP AF@BK e\6L K>@È AB KRBSLƮ \ I>?>AL PB> BI 0BÌLO QBKDL BI "PMÈOFQR 0>KQLƮq FBK 2A BP RK EFGL AB !FLP "PL BP @LOOB@QL -BOL PFK BJ?>ODL BPL KL BP >@BO@> AB IL NRB BPQLV E>?I>KAL t3BK 2AP CRBOLK MOBABPQFK>ALP M>O> PBO >ALMQ>ALP ALM@FÍK BP @LIL@>O RK EFGL 6L BPQLV JRV @BO@> > BPL MLONRB B@HV JB AFGL NRB JB >@BO@L ABJ>PF>AL > ÄI 2AP KL MRBABK LÈO BK I> M>OQB AB >QO½P 6L BPQLVƿ t3BK RK EFGL t R½KQLP @LKL@BK I>P OBDI>P AB >ALM@FÍK BK BI KQFDRL 1BPQ>JBKQL -LO PRMRBPQL 2AP IL E>K ?RP@>AL 2K
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EFGL K>@È> 6L @OBL NRB IL QLNRÄ BK >IDÓK PBOJÍK t R½I BP ÄPB $BKB QB >@RBOA>P "PQ½ BK RK> @FKQ> ,E t@R½I CRB 6LǀVLǀVLǀ VL EB E>?I>AL PL?OB BPL ,E PÈ IL QBKDL $K .ËC $K .ËC I> >ALM@FÍK AB EFGLP ELO> BK BI KQFDRL 1BPQ>JBKQL @R>KAL RKǀ@R>KAL RK EFGL K>@È> BK RK> C>JFIF> ÄI BO> RK EFGL @R>KAL ÄI K>@È> MLONRB ÄI K>@FÍ AB PRP M>AOBP ÄI BO> RK EFGL AB I> C>JFIF> V EBOBABOL AB QLA>P I>P @LP>P ELO> MBOL BPQB EFGL BO> @OF>AL MLO QRQLOBP $½I>Q>P @>MÈQRIL ABI SBOPÈ@RIL >I *RV ?FBK "I BO> @OF>AL MLO QRQLOBP @OF>ALOBP J>BPQOLP ELO> MLO BGBJMIL PF > JÈ JB K>@FBO> RK EFGL AFD>JLP VL PLV RK M>AOB Vƿ 6 ÄP> BP I> O>WÍK AB NRB BK I> (FKD '>JBP t@R½KQLP E>K MBKP>AL NRB BPL AB@È> JRV O>OL BK I> 3BOPFÍK (FKD '>JBP 83BOPFÍK AB I> F?IF> BK FKDIÄP ǀ1O>AR@QLO: AF@B e"K I> @>P> AB *F ->AOB JR@E>P JLO>A>P E>Vq 2K> @>P> JR@E>P JLO>A>P t3BK "K OB>IFA>A BK ILPǀBK ILP AÈ>P BK NRB I> F?IF> CRB QO>AR@FA> M>O> BI /BV '>JBP RK> B@R@ BO> RK eALJFKFLq e"K BI CNLHMHN AB *F ->AOB E>V JR@E>P JLO>A>Pq +L BK RK> @>P> JLO>A>P MBOL "I BO> II>J>AL BI ->AOB AB BPQB ALJFKFL "IILP IL QBKÈ>K JRV È?IF@L AB BP> J>KBO> BP BK I> F?IF> R>KAL RK M>AOB QBKÈ> RK> DO>K E>@FBKA> AB JFI >@OBP L >IDL MLO BI BPQFIL ÄI QBKÈ> > RK JLKQÍK AB DBKQB SFSFBKAL @PTË "I QBKÈ> MBLKBP @LKQO>Q>ALP SFSFBKAL @PTË M>O> NRB @RFA>O>K LSBG>P ÄI QBKÈ> >IDRKLP @PTË M>O> NRB @RFA>O>K D>K>AL ÄI QBKÈ> >IDRKLP @PTË NRB PR?FBOLK > I>P MO>ABO>P >IQ>P >II½ >OOF?> > @FBK JFII>P AB AFPQ>K@F> V ÄI QBKÈ> >IDRKLP @PTË @RFA>KAL AB @>?O>P V ÄI QBKÈ> >IDRKLP @RFA>KAL AB JRI>P VǀV @LP>P AFCBOBKQBP "IǀÄI PFJMIBJBKQB QBKÈ> RK DO>K OBFKL 6 ÄI PB JLKQ>?> BK PR ?ROOFQL V ÄI @>?>ID>?> E>PQ> @>A> RKL V SBÈ> @ÍJL IBP F?> I> QO>PNRFI>@FÍK AB LSBG>P V QLAL AB BP> J>KBO> "I KL QBKÈ> QFBJMLƿ 2AP KL JB MRBABK LÈO @R>KAL JB >IBGL AB >IIÈ 6LǀVLǀVL QO>Q>OÄ AB NRBA>OJB >NRÈ >QO½P t*B MRBABK LÈO ?FBK >ELO> >NRÈ #ÈGBKPB "I PB >IBG>?> @>?>ID>KAL V PB F?> QO>Q>KAL ABǀAB @RFA>O AB PRǀPRǀPR OBFKL PÈ NRB >ELO> ÄI NRFBOBƿ"PB EFGL S> > PBO EBOBABOL AB QLAL IL NRB ÄI QFBKB "I BP RK EBOBABOL 6 @R>KAL K>@BJLP BK BI /BFKL AB !FLP MLO 'BPR@OFPQL PLJLP EBOBABOLP ABI FBIL @LEBOBABOLP @LK 'BPÓP MLONRB "I QLJÍ KRBPQOL IRD>O "I IIBDÍ > PBO KLPLQOLP MB@>AL M>O> NRB MRAFÄO>JLP IIBD>O > PBO "I GRPQF@F> t3BK "I IIBDÍ > PBO VL M>O> NRB VL MRAFBO> IIBD>O > PBO "I tSBK @LEBOBABOLP @LK "I *RV ?FBK >ELO> OB@RBOABK BPL @>A> RKL AB 2AP ELO> OB@RBOABK !FLP ILP MOBABPQFKÍ MLO MOBSFL @LKL@FJFBKQL NRB 2AP F?>K > IIBD>O > "PQL 0F QLALP IL BKQFBKABK IBS>KQBK PR J>KL tSBK !FLP MLO MOBSFL @LKL@FJFBKQL ILP MOBABPQFKÍ M>O> NRB IIBD>O>K > I> 1FBOO> MOLJBQFA> t.RÄ BP I> 1FBOO> MOLJBQFA> M>O> BI OFPQF>KL ELV
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)BS>KQBK PR J>KL PF P>?BK e->O> SLPLQOLP BP I> MOLJBP> V M>O> SRBPQOLP EFGLP M>O> ILP NRB BPQ½K IBGLP 6 >@LKQB@BO½ BK ILP AÈ>P MLPQOBOLP AF@B !FLP NRB ABOO>J>OÄ AB *F "PMÈOFQR PL?OB QLA> @>OKB SRBPQOLP EFGLP V SRBPQO>P EFG>Pq 6 BK &P>È>P e-LONRB J>KA>JFBKQL QO>P J>KA>JFBKQL IÈKB> PL?OB IÈKB> RK MLNRFQL >IIÈ LQOL MLNRFQL >II½ /BQBKBA IL ?RBKL -LONRB BK IBKDR> AB Q>OQ>JRALP V BK BUQO>Ì>P IBKDR>P E>?I>OÄ > BPQB MRB?IL 6 BPQB BP BI OBMLPL BIǀBI /BMLPL I> QFBOO> AB OBMLPL > I> NRB 6L AFGB NRB BIILP E>?OÈ>K AB BKQO>O 6 @LK QLAL BPQL BIILP KL NRFPFBOLK LÈO PFKL NRB JBKB>OLK PRP @>?BW>P V PB >IBG>OLK V KL NRFPFBOLK LÈOILq t3BK "U>@Q>JBKQB t.RÄ BO> "U>@Q>JBKQB @LJL >NRBII> DBKQB NRB E>?È> SBKFAL ABPAB >K>½K L ABPAB "DFMQL MLO QLAL BI @>JFKL > QO>SÄP ABI ABPFBOQL V IIBD>OLK JRV @BO@> IL PRCF@FBKQBJBKQB @BO@> M>O> MOL?>O RS>P NRB MOL@BAÈ>K AB I> QFBOO> %BOJ>KL >II½ BPLP ELJ?OBP NRFBOBK NRB VL JB OBQO>@QB AB BPL BPL PL?OB %B?OBLP t ÍJL IL MRBAL E>@BO "PLP PLK @OBVBKQBP COLKQBOFWLP \BIILP KRK@> S>K > @ORW>OƮ "IILP KL MRBABK @ORW>O 'BPÓP AFGL "IILP AFGBOLK e+RBPQOLP M>AOBP @LJFBOLK J>K½ BK BI ABPFBOQLq 6 'BPÓP AFGL e1LALP BPQ½K JRBOQLPq "P> @LP> PBM>OÍ 1LALP BPQ½K JRBOQLP "PL BP @LOOB@QL !FGL e-BOL 6L 0LV BI ->K AB 3FA> NRB SFKL ABI FBIL AB !FLP "I ELJ?OB NRB @LJB BPQB ->K ÄI KRK@> JLOFO½ "PL BP @LOOB@QL 0È 0BÌLO ÄI QFBKB 3FA> "QBOK> PF ÄI @LJB "PQL 6L 0LV BPB O?LI AB I> 3FA> ABI ERBOQL ABI "AÄKq ELO> tSBK \BPQ> DBKQB IIBDÍ Q>K @BO@>Ʈ t3BK PF PB CFG>K BK %B?OBLP KL OBDOBP>KAL > BPL MBOL BK %B?OBLP e"PQ>P MBOPLK>P NRB RK> SBW CRBOLK M>OQÈ@FMBP IIBD>OLK Q>K @BO@> V DRPQ>OLK ABI ALK BIBPQF>Iq "IILP PB PBKQ>OLK >IOBABALO BIILP SFBOLK E>@BOPB P>KFA>ABP BIILP SFBOLK DBKQB BK BI MLABO AB !FLP BIILP SFBOLK SFA>P @>J?F>A>P MBOL BIILP KL MLKBK J>KL PL?OB "IIL +L PBÌLO +L PBÌLO e6 >PFJFPJL DRPQ>OLK BI MLABO ABI PFDIL SBKFABOL V PF BIILP QO>Q>O>K LQO> SBW AB OBKLS>OPB > PÈ JFPJLP M>O> >OOBMBKQFJFBKQL SFBKAL NRB BIILPǀNRB BIILP E>K @OR@FCF@>AL AB KRBSL M>O> PÈ JFPJLP >I %FGL AB !FLP V QRSFBOBK I> 0>KDOB ABI M>@QL BK I> @R>I CRBOLK P>KQFCF@>ALPƿq e6L MBOQBKBW@L > RK> FDIBPF> NRB @OBB BK P>KQFCF@>@FÍKq "PL BP ?RBKL E>PQ> ALKAB IIBD> MBOL 2AP KL S>K IL PRCF@FBKQBJBKQB IBGLP t3BK 0È PBÌLO "I ABPFBOQL ILP P>KQFCF@Í I>OL NRB PÈ "IILP QBKÈ>K I>ǀBIILP QBKÈ>K I> PBOMFBKQB AB ?OLK@B V BIǀBI >IQ>O AB ?OLK@B V QLAL >II½ P>KQFCF@>@FÍK MBOL BKQO>OLK > ->IBPQFK> MLO OBMLPL +Lƿ *FOBK BK %B?OBLP tKL AFGL ÄI eLQOL /BMLPLq !FLP @OBÍ BI PÄMQFJL AÈ> V IBP AFL OBMLPL BK BI PÄMQFJL AÈ> "K LQOL IRD>O E>?IÍ AB RK AÈ> AB OBMLPL eV ELV BK !>SFAq "KQLK@BP "I IBP AFL LQOL /BMLPL e3BKFA > *È QLALP ILP NRB BPQ½FP QO>?>G>ALP V @>OD>ALP 6L LP E>OÄ !BP@>KP>Oq \"KQOBK BK BPQB /BMLPLƮ -LONRB
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KLPLQOLP NRB EBJLP BKQO>AL BK BPQB /BMLPL EBJLP OBMLP>AL AB KRBPQO>P L?O>P @LJL !FLP AB I>P 0RV>P BK BI AÈ> AB OBMLPL FBOQ>JBKQB IIÈ QFBKBK PR AÈ> AB OBMLPL /BMLPL IIÈ BPQ½ PR SBOA>ABOL /BMLPL BK BPQ> 1FBOO> MOLJBQFA> "I "PMÈOFQR 0>KQL BP RK> MOLJBP> ABI MRB?IL t6 MLO NRÄ NRBOO½K MOBAF@>ALOBP BORAFQLP BAR@>ALP NRB IBP MBOJFQFO½K MLKBOPB M>KQ>ILKBP @LOQLP V @LOQ>OPB PR @>?BIIL V RP>O MFKQRO> AB I>?FLP V ELJ?OBP NRB >MRBPQ>K V ?B?BK @BOSBW> V @RBKQ>K @EFPQBP V @LKQFKÓ>K V PB @LJMLOQ>K AB BP> J>KBO> V PB II>J>K > PÈ JFPJLP JFBJ?OLP AB FDIBPF> \-RBP QLJ>K >IDL >PÈ V OB@E>W>K BI IFABO>WDL ABI "PMÈOFQR 0>KQLƮ -RBP I> F?IF> AF@B NRB I> ->I>?O> AB !FLP BP J½P @LOQ>KQB NRB RK> BPM>A> AB ALP CFILP NRB @LOQ> PBM>O>KAL ABI ERBPL V >RK AFP@FBOKB ILP MBKP>JFBKQLP ABI @LO>WÍK \0È >RK ILP MBKP>JFBKQLP AB I> JBKQBƮ 6 PF >J>JLP BI JRKAL L I>P @LP>P ABI JRKAL BI >JLO AB !FLP KF PFNRFBO> BPQ½ BK KLPLQOLP e*R@ELP PLK II>J>ALP ML@LP BP@LDFALP MLONRB BPQOB@E> BP I> MRBOQ> V >KDLPQL BI @>JFKL NRB IIBS> > I> 3FA> V ML@LP PLK ILP NRB I> E>II>K 3BKAO½K JR@ELP > *È BK >NRBI AÈ> V PB PBKQ>O½K BK BI /BFKLq AFGL 'BPÓP e@LK ?O>E>J &P>>@ V '>@L? *>P ILP EFGLP ABI OBFKL PBO½K B@E>ALP CRBO> V AFO½K =0BÌLO tKL EF@FJLP BPQL BK 1R +LJ?OB t+L MOBAF@>JLP t+L EBJLP PFAL BI !L@QLO %TK@MN CD 3@K V BI /BSBOBKAL %TK@MN CD 3@K +RK@> LP @LKL@È M>OQ>LP AB *È E>@BALOBP AB FKFNRFA>A KL LP @LKL@È +L QLALP ILP NRB AF@BK =0BÌLO 0BÌLO BKQO>O½K 0FKL BI NRB E>@B I> 3LIRKQ>A AB *F ->AOB NRB BPQ½ BK ILP FBILP ÄPB BP BI NRB BKQO>q IIÈ IL QFBKBK BKQO>KAL BK BPQ> 1FBOO> MOLJBQFA> t ÍJL BKQO>JLP BK BII> "PQ>JLP MOBABPQFK>ALP > BII> )> &DIBPF> MLO BI MOBSFL @LKL@FJFBKQL AB !FLP E> PFAL MOBABPQFK>A> t> NRÄ M>O> 0R ELKO> MLO 0R DO>@F> M>O> I> DILOF> V >ALO>@FÍK V DILOF> AB !FLP ->M½ PBKQ>AL >II½ >QO½P BK BI MOFK@FMFL >RQLBUFPQBKQB KL E>?È> K>A> >IOBABALO AB "I NRBOÈ> >IDL NRB >ALO>O> >PÈ NRB "I MOBLOABKÍ V MOBABPQFKÍ RK> FDIBPF> V >KQBP AB I> CRKA>@FÍK ABI JRKAL V MRPL PRP KLJ?OBP BK BI )F?OL AB I> 3FA> ABI LOABOL @R>KAL BIILPƿFKJLI>AL >KQBP ABI MOFK@FMFL ABI JRKAL M>O> NRB BIILP MRAFBO>K >M>OB@BO M>O> 0R DILOF> V M>O> 0RP >I>?>KW>P BK BI CFK ABI QFBJML @R>KAL OBRKFO½ QLA>P I>P @LP>P BK BPB %LJ?OB OFPQL 'BPÓP \#RFRƮ \$ILOF>Ʈ "PL BP "PL BP PÍILƿ6 BPL JFPJL BP JF EBOJ>KL EBOJ>K> +RK@> PB JRBS>K AB "PL !FLP MLO 0R DO>@F> AB BIB@@FÍK ILP II>JÍ !FLP MLO 0R DO>@F> AB BIB@@FÍK ILP P>KQFCF@Í !FLP MLO 0R DO>@F> AB BIB@@FÍK V 0R MLABO ILP ?>RQFWÍ V ILP MRPL BK BPQ> QFBOO> AB /BMLPL )LP NRB E>K BKQO>AL BK BPQB /BMLPL E>K @BP>AL AB PR ABP@>OOÈL "IILP E>K OBMLP>AL AB PRP L?O>P @LJL !FLP AB I>P 0RV>P \"IILP QFBKBK DLWL FKBC>?IB V IIBKL AB DILOF>Ʈ "I O?LI AB I> 3FA> BPQ½ CILOB@FBKAL BK BIILP "IILP QFBKBK ILKD>KFJFA>A >J>?FIFA>A ?LKA>A CB MOLAR@FA> MLO M>@FBK@F> CB J>KPBARJ?OB ?BKFDKFA>A V ABJ½P "I O?LI AB I> 3FA> BPQ½ CILOB@FBKAL BK BIILP MLONRB PR BPMBO>KW>
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BPQ½ >K@I>A> BK OFPQL 'BPÓP BI QBPQFDL ABI "PMÈOFQR 0>KQL A>KAL QBPQFJLKFL @LK PBÌ>IBP V J>O>SFII>P PFDRFBKAL > ILP @OBVBKQBP e"PQ>P PBÌ>IBP PBDRFO½K > ILP NRB @OBBKq *FBKQO>P PFDRBK >ABI>KQB P>K>K > ILP BKCBOJLP B@E>K CRBO> ABJLKFLP E>?I>K BK IBKDR>P SBK SFPFLKBP "IILPƿ6 @>JFK>K @LK !FLP E>?I>K @LK !FLP +FKDÓK AF>?IL ILP MRBAB JLSBO PLK CFOJBP ?RP@>KALƿ ƿ,ISFA>KAL @FBOQ>JBKQB IL M>P>AL MOLPFDRBK > I> JBQ> ABI PRMOBJL II>J>JFBKQL BK OFPQL 'BPÓP IIÈ BPQ½K IIÈ BPQ½K "P> BP BP> &DIBPF> t ÍJL IIBD>OLK >IIÈ 2AP KL MRBABK AB@FO e RBKL 0BÌLO 1Ó P>?BP RK AÈ> BJMB@Ä > CRJ>O @FD>OOFIILP V @>È BKQLK@BP MBKPÄ NRB VLƿq ,E KL KL KL KL
\-OBABPQFK>@FÍKƮ "I KLP II>JÍ V @R>KAL IL PBDRFJLP > "I BP @R>KAL AB@FJLP e!FLP BPQ½?>JLP MBOAFALP V JRBOQLP +F PFNRFBO> QBKÈ>JLP JBKQB M>O> P>IS>OKLP KLPLQOLP JFPJLP 1BKÈ>JLP I> K>QRO>IBW> AB RK @BOAL ÄO>JLP @BOALP M>O> @LJBKW>Oq
3>V>K 2AP > RK @EFNRBOL V JFOBK > RK> @BOA> V AFD>K e ELO> JFO> >NRÈ JR@E>@E> NRFBOL AB@FOQB >IDL "PQ½ J>I NRB QÓ ?B?>P >DR> PR@F>q
"II> AFOÈ> e,FKH LFKHq t3BK ELO> BPL BP Q>KQL @LJL IL NRB RKL QFBKB M>O> P>IS>OPB RKL JFPJL "PL BP BU>@Q>JBKQB
2AP AF@BK e0BÌLO> 2A KL AB?BOÈ> MLKBOPB OLM> @LJL ÄP> 2A AB?BOÈ> AB SBPQFOPB AB?FA>JBKQB 2A AB?BOÈ> E>@BO DRSN 2A KL AB?BOÈ> FO >ƿ2A KL AB?BOÈ> QBKBO BPQ>P CFBPQ>P AB K>FMBP 2A KL AB?BOÈ> CRJ>O @FD>OOFIILP 2A KL AB?BOÈ> AB E>@BO DRSN 0BÌLO 2A KL AB?BOÈ> IIBS>O DRNq
"I AF@B e,FKH LFKH 6L MBOQBKBW@L > I> .HMJ NHMJq G½ e,FKHq BPL BP @>PF QLAL IL NRB BIILP P>?BK e RBKL IB E>OÄ P>?BO NRB PLV Q>K ?RBKL @LJL 2A \,FKH LFKHƮq t3BK BIILP OB@E>W>K BI IFABO>WDL ABI "PMÈOFQR 0>KQL MLONRB I> F?IF> AF@B NRB PF 2AP >J>K BI JRKAL L I>P @LP>P ABI JRKAL BI >JLO AB !FLP KF PFNRFBO> BPQ½ BK 2AP
t.RÄ ILP E>@B MB@RIF>OBP 2AP PLK RK> K>@FÍK P>KQ> t.RÄ E>K EB@EL 2AP "KQO>OLK P>IFBKAL AB BP> QFBOO> 2AP BPQ½K BK LQO> 1FBOO> t ÍJL IIBD>OLK >IIÈ "P> BP I> 1FBOO> MOLJBQFA> t.RÄ @I>PB AB MOLJBP> e0R@BABO½ BK ILP MLPQOBOLP AÈ>P AF@B !FLP ABOO>J>OÄ *F "PMÈOFQR PL?OB QLA> @>OKBq -LO RK PLIL "PMÈOFQR CRFJLP QLALP ?>RQFW>ALP JBQFÄKALKLP > BPQ> 1FBOO> MOLJBQFA> JÄK %BOJ>KLP V EBOJ>K>P >IBIRV> @LK I> MROBW> AB @LO>WÍK PFK @BILP PFK BKBJFPQ>A \K>A>Ʈ +L JB FJMLOQ> PF RK EBOJ>KL PB ABP@>OOÈ> KL FJMLOQ> NRÄ E>D> ÄI 2AP FO½K BK PR ?RP@>
+L E>@B JR@EL VL CRF BK ?RP@> AB RK EBOJ>KL PB E>?È> ABP@>OOF>AL 2K GLSBK JB AFGL AFGL e!BGB NRB BPB ?OF?ÍK PB S>V> !ÄGBIL BK M>Wq
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6L AFGB e0F VL >IDRK> SBW IIBD>O> > RK MRKQL BK NRB JF @LO>WÍK KL S> @LK JF EBOJ>KL BKQLK@BP BP QFBJML NRB VL S>V> >I >IQ>O MLONRB VL EB @>ÈAL AB I> DO>@F>q 6L AFGB e6L FOÄ JFBKQO>P ÄI QBKD> >IFBKQL BK PR @RBOML V VL IL >I@>KW>OÄ BK >IDÓK JLJBKQLq 0È PBÌLO 6 VL IL >I@>K@Ä >IBIRV> IL QO>GB AB KRBSL 0È PBÌLO "I BPQ½ >ELO> > P>ISL BK BI OBAFI 0È PBÌLO "I PB ER?FBO> ABP@>OOF>AL @LK QLA> PBDROFA>A
%>@B RK O>QL @R>KAL SF > BP> ML?OB JRGBO@FQ> PBKQ>A> >IIÈ V BI >IDR>@FI JB II>JÍ AFGL e-RBP BII> AB?BOÈ> AB BPQ>O BK RK> @>JFP> AB CRBOW>q !FGL e"II> BPQ½ ABIFO>KQB BII> BPQ½ CRBO> AB PÈq "II>ǀBII> BIILP I> MRPFBOLK BK RK ELQBI "IILP SFKFBOLK
6L AFGB e"PL BPQ½ ?FBKq !FGL BI >IDR>@FI AFGL e\-RBP FIIVƮq 6L IL @LKLW@L JRV ?FBK V IL @LKLW@L ABPAB NRB VL BO> RK KFÌL "I AFGL e0F E>V >IDL NRB VL MRBA> E>@BO M>O> >VRA>OIB > 2A q
6L AFGB e"PL BPQ½ ?FBKq !FGL et-RBAB >VRA>OI> q 6L AFGB e+L MBOL $K MRBABq 6L AFGB e"PMBOB RK JLJBKQLq PÈ NRB BIILP I> QO>GBOLK >II½ >CRBO> 6 @R>KAL BII> PB CRB E>@B RK O>QL BK M>W t.RÄ CRB "KSF>JLP RK> LO>@FÍK BK MLP AB BII> \ JÄKƮ "II> BPQ>?> Q>Kƿ
"IILP AFGBOLK et.RFBOB QO>BO > RK AL@QLO q )B AFGBOLK > PR BPMLPL et.RFBOB QO>BO > RK AL@QLO q
!FGL e2K AL@QLO KL MRBAB E>@BO K>A> MLO BII>q 6 BPL BP @LOOB@QL "II> BPQ½ ABJBKQB RK AL@QLO KL MRBAB E>@BO K>A> MLO BII>
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