Haas, Angela: Individuelle Migrationsentscheidungen und ihre Determinanten am Beispiel von Swerdlowsk 1945-1991. Soziale Netzwerke und ihre Wirkung vor dem Hintergrund anderer Migrationsfaktoren, Hamburg, disserta Verlag, 2016 Buch-ISBN: 978-3-95935-324-3 PDF-eBook-ISBN: 978-3-95935-325-0 Druck/Herstellung: disserta Verlag, Hamburg, 2016 Covergestaltung: © Annelie Lamers

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.

Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Dies gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Bearbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürften. Die Informationen in diesem Werk wurden mit Sorgfalt erarbeitet. Dennoch können Fehler nicht vollständig ausgeschlossen werden und die Diplomica Verlag GmbH, die Autoren oder Übersetzer übernehmen keine juristische Verantwortung oder irgendeine Haftung für evtl. verbliebene fehlerhafte Angaben und deren Folgen. Alle Rechte vorbehalten © disserta Verlag, Imprint der Diplomica Verlag GmbH Hermannstal 119k, 22119 Hamburg http://www.disserta-verlag.de, Hamburg 2016 Printed in Germany

   

Individuelle Migrationsentscheidungen und ihre Determinanten am Beispiel von Swerdlowsk 1945-1991: soziale Netzwerke und ihre Wirkung vor dem Hintergrund anderer Migrationsfaktoren   3URPRWLRQVSURMHNWLP5DKPHQGHV')*3URMHNWVÄ5lXPOLFKH0RELOLWlWLQ5XVV ODQGLP-DKUKXQGHUW6WHXHUEDUNHLW$GDSWLYLWlWXQG%HZlOWLJXQJVVWUDWHJLHQ LP/DQG6WDGW.RQWLQXXPYRQ0LJUDWLRQVV\VWHPHQ³    



 ,QDXJXUDO'LVVHUWDWLRQ ]XU (UODQJXQJGHU'RNWRUZUGH GHU3KLORVRSKLVFKHQ)DNXOWlW GHU$OEHUW/XGZLJV8QLYHUVLWlW )UHLEXUJL%U      YRUJHOHJWYRQ   $QJHOD+DDV   66 

                            (UVWJXWDFKWHU3URI'U%DOGR%OLQNHUW =ZHLWJXWDFKWHU3URI'U'LHWPDU1HXWDW]   9RVLW]HQGHUGHV3URPRWLRQVDXVVFKXVVHVGHU*HPHLQVDPHQ.RPPLVVLRQGHU3KL ORORJLVFKHQ3KLOLVRSKLVFKHQXQG:LUWVFKDIWVXQG9HUKDOWHQZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKHU )DNXOWlW3UI'U+DQV+HOPXWK*DQGHU  'DWXPGHU'LVSXWDWLRQ-DQXDU  



Danksagung  1DFKYLHOHQ-DKUHQLQWHQVLYHU$UEHLWKDEHLFKQXQPHLQ'LVVHUWDWLRQVSURMHNW]X HLQHPHUIROJUHLFKHQ$EVFKOXVVJHEUDFKW)UGDV*HOLQJHQPHLQHU'RNWRUDUEHLW VFKXOGHLFKHLQLJHQ0HQVFKHQHLQHQ'DQN  (LQEHVRQGHUHU'DQNJHKWYRUDOOHPDQPHLQH'RNWRUYlWHU+HUUQ3URIHVVRU 6FKZHQJHO‚ XQG+HUUQ3URIHVVRU%OLQNHUWVRZLHDQXQVHUHQ3URMHNWOHLWHU +HUUQ3URIHVVRU1HXWDW]%HLP+HUUQ3URIHVVRU6FKZHQJHOP|FKWHLFKPLFKEH VRQGHUVIUGLH)UHLKHLWEHGDQNHQGLHHUPLUZlKUHQGGHVJHVDPWHQ)RUVFKXQJV SURMHNWVJHZlKUWHZDVPD‰JHEOLFK]XP*HOLQJHQGLHVHU$UEHLWEHLWUXJ,PPHU VWDQGHUPLUPLWZHUWYROOHQ5DWVFKOlJHQXQG$QUHJXQJHQ]XU6HLWH(LQJUR‰HU 'DQNJLOW+HUUQ3URIHVVRU%OLQNHUWGDIUGDVVHULQHLQHUNULWLVFKHQ3KDVHGLH %HWUHXXQJPHLQHU'LVVHUWDWLRQEHUQRPPHQKDWZDVLFKQLFKWDOVVHOEVWYHU VWlQGOLFKHUDFKWH0LW+LOIHVHLQHU8QWHUVWW]XQJXQGKRFKTXDOLIL]LHUWHUZLVVHQ VFKDIWOLFKHU%HJOHLWXQJNRQQWHLFKPHLQH$UEHLWHUIROJUHLFK]X(QGHIKUHQ$X ‰HUGHPP|FKWHLFKPLFKEHLXQVHUHP3URMHNWOHLWHU+HUUQ3URIHVVRU1HXWDW]EH GDQNHQ'DQNVHLQHV(QJDJHPHQWVKDWWHLFKGLHHLQPDOLJH0|JOLFKNHLWHLQH6WX GLHLP5DKPHQHLQHV')*3URMHNWVPLWHQWVSUHFKHQGHQILQDQ]LHOOHQXQGDGPL QLVWUDWLYHQ0|JOLFKNHLWHQ]XUHDOLVLHUHQ2KQHVHLQHQDNDGHPLVFKHQXQG PHQVFKOLFKHQ%HLVWDQGZlUHGLHVH$UEHLWQLFKWHQWVWDQGHQ  $XFKZHQQLFKPHLQH$UEHLWDOOHLQVFKUHLEHQPXVVWHZDUHQDQLKUHPJXWHQ*H OLQJHQDXFKDQGHUHPLUQDKHVWHKHQGHQ0HQVFKHQEHWHLOLJWGHQHQLFK'DQN VFKXOGH,QVEHVRQGHUHJLOWGDVIUPHLQH)DPLOLHGLHYLHO*HGXOGDXIEULQJHQ PXVVWHXQGPLULQVFKZLHULJHQ3KDVHQHLQH6WW]HJHZHVHQZDU,FKP|FKWH PHLQHP(KHPDQQGDIUGDQNHQGDVVHUDQPLFKJHJODXEWPLFKLPPHUPRWL YLHUWXQGLQYLHOHUOHL+LQVLFKWELV]XP6FKOXVVWDWNUlIWLJXQWHUVWW]WKDW(LQEH VRQGHUHU'DQNJLOWLQGLHVHP=XVDPPHQKDQJPHLQHU6FKZLHJHUPXWWHUGLHPLW LKUHPVHOEVWORVHQ(LQVDW]LQVEHVRQGHUHEHLGHU%HWUHXXQJXQVHUHV.LQGHVPD‰ JHEOLFK]XP$EVFKOXVVPHLQHU'RNWRUDUEHLWEHLJHWUDJHQKDW  8QGQLFKW]XOHW]WJLOWPHLQ'DQNDOOHQ9HUZDQGWHQ)UHXQGHQXQG%HNDQQWHQ GLHPLULQVFKZHUHQ=HLWHQPLW5DWXQG7DW]XU6HLWHVWDQGHQ      







Inhalt Inhalt ................................................................................................................ 9 1

Einleitung ............................................................................................ 15



)UDJHVWHOOXQJXQG+HUDQJHKHQVZHLVH



.DSLWHOEHUVLFKW

2

Forschungsstand: Migrationstheoretische Ansätze ......................... 20



0DNURWKHRUHWLVFKH(UNOlUXQJVDQVlW]H]XU0LJUDWLRQVIRUVFKXQJ

 'LVWDQ]XQG*UDYLWDWLRQVPRGHOOH  0DNUR|NRQRPLVFKH0RGHOOH  $UEHLWVPDUNWIRUVFKXQJ  .ODVVLVFKHV\VWHPWKHRUHWLVFKH$QVlW]H  1HXHUHV\VWHPWKHRUHWLVFKH$QVlW]H 

0LNURWKHRUHWLVFKH(UNOlUXQJVDQVlW]H]XU0LJUDWLRQVIRUVFKXQJ

 'LH0LJUDWLRQVWKHRULHYRQ/HH  +XPDQNDSLWDOWKHRULH  6R]LDOSV\FKRORJLVFKH0RGHOOH  'DV6(80RGHOOGHU0LJUDWLRQ 

0HVR(EHQHQ$QVlW]H1HW]ZHUNDQDO\VH7KHRULHVR]LDOHQ .DSLWDOVXQG9HUWUDXHQ

 6R]LDOH1HW]ZHUNH  6R]LDOHV.DSLWDO 3

Migrationsentscheidung – ein analytisches Erklärungsmodell ...... 46



6R]LRORJLVFKHXQGSV\FKRORJLVFKH$VSHNWHHLQHU :DQGHUXQJVHQWVFKHLGXQJ

 0LJUDWLRQVHQWVFKHLGXQJLP5DKPHQGHV5DWLRQDO&KRLFH$QVDW]HV XQWHU%HUFNVLFKWLJXQJYRQ+DELWVXQG)UDPHV  3V\FKRORJLVFKH'HWHUPLQDQWHQLP.RQWH[WHLQHU :DQGHUXQJVHQWVFKHLGXQJ 

6WXIHQ0RGHOOHLQHU:DQGHUXQJVHQWVFKHLGXQJ

 .RJQLWLRQ:DKUQHKPXQJGHU0LJUDWLRQVP|JOLFKNHLWDOVHLQH P|JOLFKH3UREOHPO|VXQJVVWUDWHJLH  (YDOXDWLRQ'LH:DQGHUXQJVHUZlJXQJ  

 6HOHNWLRQ'LH:DQGHUXQJVHQWVFKHLGXQJ 4

Methodologische Vorbemerkungen und kritische Betrachtung der angewandten Forschungsmethoden ........................................... 75



=XU3UREOHPDWLNGHUUHWURVSHNWLYHQ)RUVFKXQJXQGLKUHU $QZHQGEDUNHLWLQGHUYRUOLHJHQGHQ6WXGLH



=XUDQJHZDQGWHQ)RUVFKXQJVPHWKRGH



9RUVFKODJHLQHU3HULRGLVLHUXQJIUGLH$QDO\VHGHU'DWHQ



.ULWLVFKH%HWUDFKWXQJGHUDQJHZDQGWHQ(UKHEXQJVPHWKRGHQ

 1DUUDWLYHV,QWHUYLHZ  6FKULIWOLFKH%HIUDJXQJ  2IIL]LHOOH6WDWLVWLNGHU/DQG6WDGW0LJUDWLRQQDFK6ZHUGORZVN 

=XP3UREOHPGHU5HSUlVHQWDWLYLWlWNOHLQHU6WLFKSUREHQ

5

Land-Stadt-Migration und Lebensverhältnisse im russischen Dorf aus der geographisch-historischen Perspektive: Analyseergebnisse des Archivmaterials und der einschlägigen historischen Literatur für die Periode 1946-1991.......................... 112



'HPRJUDSKLVFKH(QWZLFNOXQJLQGHU6RZMHWXQLRQQDFK



'LH%HY|ONHUXQJVHQWZLFNOXQJLP8UDOHU*HELHWYRUGHP +LQWHUJUXQGGHUJHVDPWHQGHPRJUDSKLVFKHQ6LWXDWLRQ



=XVDPPHQIDVVXQJ

6

Datenanalyse und Interpretation .................................................... 122



.RJQLWLRQ:HOFKHLQGLYLGXHOOHQXQGVR]LDOHQ)DNWRUHQQHKPHQ (LQIOXVVDXIGLH=XVDPPHQVHW]XQJGHVYRUKDQGHQHQ +DQGOXQJVUHSHUWRLUHVXQGHUODXEHQGLH:DKUQHKPXQJYRQ 0LJUDWLRQDOV3UREOHPO|VXQJVVWUDWHJLH"



(YDOXDWLRQ:HOFKHLQGLYLGXHOOHQXQGVR]LDOHQ)DNWRUHQEHZLUNHQ GDVV0LJUDWLRQDOV+DQGOXQJVDOWHUQDWLYHHUQVWKDIWLQ%HWUDFKW JH]RJHQZLUG"



6HOHNWLRQ:HOFKHLQGLYLGXHOOHQXQGVR]LDOHQ)DNWRUHQEHZHJHQ HLQ,QGLYLGXXPGD]XVLFKIU0LJUDWLRQDOV 3UREOHPO|VXQJVVWUDWHJLH]XHQWVFKHLGHQ"

 

 $XVZDQGHUXQJVJUQGH  (LQZDQGHUXQJVJUQGH 7

Schlusskapitel .................................................................................... 172



'DVWKHRUHWLVFKH(UNOlUXQJVPRGHOO



=XVDPPHQIDVVXQJGHU(UJHEQLVVHGHU'DWHQDQDO\VH

 .RJQLWLRQ  (YDOXDWLRQ  6HOHNWLRQ 8

Fazit und Ausblick ............................................................................ 186

Literatur ...................................................................................................... 189 Anhang 1: Fragebögen ............................................................................... 205 Anhang 2: Zusammenfassungen der Interviews und tabellarische Auswertung ............................................................................... 225 Anhang 3: Daten zu Migrationsprozessen in Swerdlowsk ...................... 258 

 

Abbildungsverzeichnis $EELOGXQJ3V\FKRORJLVFKHV0LJUDWLRQVHQWVFKHLGXQJVPRGHOO $EELOGXQJ(LQ6WXIHQ(QWVFKHLGXQJVPRGHOOHLQHU0LJUDWLRQ $EELOGXQJ9HUWHLOXQJGHU$OWHUVJUXSSHQLQGHU*UXQGJHVDPWKHLW$OWHU ]XP=HLWSXQNWGHV8P]XJV  $EELOGXQJ9HUWHLOXQJGHU$OWHUVJUXSSHQLQGHU6WLFKSUREH$OWHU]XP =HLWSXQNWGHV8P]XJV  $EELOGXQJ9HUJOHLFK$OWHUVJUXSSHQYHUWHLOXQJ]ZLVFKHQ GHU*UXQGJHVDPWKHLWXQGGHU6WLFKSUREH $EELOGXQJ9HUJOHLFKGHU$QWHLOHGHU0LJUDQWHQDXVHLQHU6WDGWXQG 0LJUDQWHQYRP/DQG]ZLVFKHQGHU*UXQGJHVDPWKHLWXQGLQGHU6WLFKSUREH $EELOGXQJ%HY|ONHUXQJVHQWZLFNOXQJLP6ZHUGORZVNLM*HELHWLP -DKUKXQGHUW $EELOGXQJ+lXILJNHLWZHLWHUHU8P]JHYRUGHP8P]XJQDFK6ZHUGORZVN $Q]DKODOOHU1HQQXQJHQ  $EELOGXQJ+lXILJNHLWGHU8P]JH XQG8P]XJVDOWHUGHU%HIUDJWHQ $EELOGXQJ%LOGXQJVQLYHDXXQG+lXILJNHLWGHU8P]JH $EELOGXQJ%LOGXQJVQLYHDXVFKLFKWHQVSH]LILVFK]XVDPPHQJHIDVVW XQG +lXILJNHLWGHU8P]JH $EELOGXQJ+lXILJNHLWGHU8P]JHXQGGHU)DPLOLHQVWDQGGHU%HIUDJWHQ $EELOGXQJ+lXILJNHLWGHU8P]JHQDFK=HLWSHULRGHQ $EELOGXQJ(QWVWHKXQJGHU0LJUDWLRQVLGHHEHLGHQ%HIUDJWHQ LQ3HUYRXUDOVN $EELOGXQJ8UVSUQJOLFKVWDPPWHGLH,GHHHLQHU:DQGHUXQJYRQ $EELOGXQJ+lXILJNHLWGHU8P]JHXQG0LJUDWLRQVJHGDQNH $EELOGXQJ'LH,GHHHLQHU$XVZDQGHUXQJVWDPPWHXUVSUQJOLFKYRQ $EELOGXQJ(QWVWHKXQJGHV0LJUDWLRQVJHGDQNHQVXQG*HVFKOHFKW $EELOGXQJ*HVFKOHFKWHUYHUWHLOXQJLQGHU6WLFKSUREH6ZHUGORZVN  $EELOGXQJ0LJUDWLRQVLGHHQDFK$OWHUVJUXSSHQ $EELOGXQJ%LOGXQJVDEVFKOXVVGHU%HIUDJWHQYRUGHU$XVZDQGHUXQJ $EELOGXQJ:DQGHUXQJVLGHHXQG%LOGXQJVQLYHDX $EELOGXQJ:DQGHUXQJVLGHHXQG%LOGXQJVQLYHDXVFKLFKWHQVSH]LILVFK ]XVDPPHQIDVVW 

 

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lQQOLFKHQ%HIUDJWHQ $EELOGXQJ1HW]ZHUNHDP+HUNXQIWVXQGDP=LHORUWLP9HUJOHLFK ]ZLVFKHQYHUVFKLHGHQHQ$OWHUVJUXSSHQ $EELOGXQJ'LH6WlUNHGHU%H]LHKXQJ]XGHQVR]LDOHQ1HW]ZHUNHQ DP=LHOXQGDP+HUNXQIWVRUWLP9HUJOHLFK $EELOGXQJ%H]LHKXQJVVWlUNHGHU%HIUDJWHQ]XVR]LDOHQ1HW]ZHUNHQ DP=LHOXQGDP+HUNXQIWVRUWLP9HUJOHLFK]ZLVFKHQYHUVFKLHGHQHQ $OWHUVJUXSSHQ $EELOGXQJ%H]LHKXQJVVWlUNH]XVR]LDOHQ1HW]ZHUNHQDP=LHOXQGDP +HUNXQIWVRUWEHLPlQQOLFKHQXQGZHLEOLFKHQ%HIUDJWHQLP9HUJOHLFK $EELOGXQJ%H]LHKXQJVVWlUNHGHU%HIUDJWHQ]XVR]LDOHQ1HW]ZHUNHQ DP=LHOXQGDP+HUNXQIWVRUWQDFK%LOGXQJVDEVFKOXVV $EELOGXQJ,QIRUPDWLRQVTXHOOHGHU0LJUDQWHQ $EELOGXQJ=XYHUOlVVLJNHLWVJUDGGHU,QIRUPDWLRQVTXHOOH $EELOGXQJ1XW]XQJGHU,QIRUPDWLRQVTXHOOHQLQXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ $OWHUVJUXSSHQ $EELOGXQJ1XW]XQJGHU,QIRUPDWLRQVTXHOOHQLQXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ =HLWSHULRGHQ $EELOGXQJ1XW]XQJGHU,QIRUPDWLRQVTXHOOHQYRQPlQQOLFKHQXQG ZHLEOLFKHQ%HIUDJWHQ $EELOGXQJ$XVZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHGHU0LJUDQWHQ $EELOGXQJ$XVZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHGHU0LJUDQWHQHLQH$XVZDKO  $EELOGXQJ$XVZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHGHU%HIUDJWHQDXVHLQHU6WDGWXQGYRP /DQGLP9HUJOHLFK  

$EELOGXQJ$XVZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHUGHU%HIUDJWHQLQXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ =HLWSHULRGHQHLQH$XVZDKO  $EELOGXQJ$XVZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHGHU0LJUDQWHQYRP/DQGLQ XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ=HLWSHULRGHQHLQH$XVZDKO  $EELOGXQJ$XVZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHGHU0LJUDQWHQDXVHLQHU6WDGWLQ XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ=HLWSHULRGHQHLQH$XVZDKO  $EELOGXQJ$XVZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHQDFK$OWHUVJUXSSHQHLQH$XVZDKO  $EELOGXQJ(LQZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHGHU%HIUDJWHQ $EELOGXQJ(LQZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHGHU0LJUDQWHQYRP/DQGXQGDXVHLQHU 6WDGWLP9HUJOHLFKJUXSSLHUW  $EELOGXQJ$XVZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHQDFK=HLWSHULRGHQHLQH$XVZDKO  $EELOGXQJ(LQZDQGHUXQJVJUQGHLQYHUVFKLHGHQHQ$OWHUVJUXSSHQLP 9HUJOHLFKHLQH$XVZDKO  

 

1 Einleitung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ragestellung und Herangehensweise :DQQ ZLUG EHU HLQH :DQGHUXQJ QDFKJHGDFKW" /DXW 5DWLRQDO&KRLFH7KHRULH ZLUGEHUHLQH:DQGHUXQJGDQQQDFKJHGDFKWZHQQGDGXUFKHLQH%HVVHUXQJGHU HLJHQHQ /DJH ]X HUZDUWHQ LVW ZHQQ GLHVH +DQGOXQJVDOWHUQDWLYH DOV UHDOLVLHUEDU HUVFKHLQWXQGZHQQGDPLWYHUEXQGHQH6XFKXQG,QIRUPDWLRQVNRVWHQYHUJOHLFKV ZHLVHQLFKW]XKRFKVLQG'DPLW0LJUDWLRQHUQVWKDIWHUZRJHQZHUGHQNDQQPXVV ODXWGHU5DWLRQDO&KRLFH7KHRULHGHUHUZDUWHWH*HZLQQUHODWLYEHWUlFKWOLFKVHLQ XQGUHDOLVLHUEDUHUVFKHLQHQ)DNWRUHQZLH*U|‰HXQGGLH5HDOLVLHUEDUNHLWGHV*H ZLQQVVRZLHYHUJOHLFKVZHLVHJHULQJJHKDOWHQHYRUDXVVLFKWOLFKH.RVWHQQHKPHQ (LQIOXVVDXIGLH(QWVFKHLGXQJREVLFKZHLWHUH0KHQ]XU,QIRUPDWLRQVEHVFKDI IXQJORKQHQ %HLGHU%HWUDFKWXQJGHU%HGLQJXQJHQXQWHUZHOFKHQHLQH:DQGHUXQJLQ(UZl JXQJJH]RJHQZLUGNRPPWGLHJDQ]H.RPSOH[LWlWGHUNDXVDOHQ=XVDPPHQKlQJH ]XP9RUVFKHLQ+HXWHZHL‰PDQ]XP%HLVSLHOGDVVHLQHKRKH8Q]XIULHGHQKHLW PLWGHQ/HEHQVEHGLQJXQJHQDP+HUNXQIWVRUWDOOHLQQLFKWDXVUHLFKWXPGLH(QW VWHKXQJ YRQ :DQGHUXQJVEHUOHJXQJHQ ]X HUNOlUHQ(V VLQG YLHOPHKU GLH 5DK PHQEHGLQJXQJHQXQWHUZHOFKHQGLHVH8Q]XIULHGHQKHLWHQWVWDQGHQLVW 'LH(QWVWHKXQJYRQ:DQGHUXQJVJHGDQNHQNDQQDXIHLQ=XVDPPHQVSLHOYRQYLH OHQYHUVFKLHGHQHQ)DNWRUHQ]XUFNJHIKUWZHUGHQ(LQLJH6WXGLHQ+DXJ %KUHU.DOWHU KDEHQJH]HLJWGDVVGLH(QWVWHKXQJYRQ:DQGH UXQJVHUZlJXQJHQDXIHLQHQQLFKWXQHUKHEOLFKHQ(LQIOXVVYRQVR]LDOHQ1HW]ZHU NHQ ]XUFN]XIKUHQ LVW  6SlWHVWHQV QDFK GHU 6WXGLH ]XU .HWWHQPLJUDWLRQ YRQ  

6HLWXPEHQQDQWLQ-HNDWHULQEXUJ GLHVZDUHLQHUGHUJUR‰HQ.ULWLNSXQNWHDQGHQ=XIULHGHQKHLWVPRGHOOHQLQGHU:DQGHUXQJVIRUVFKXQJ YJO.DSEHL%KUHU   YJO%KUHU 

 

6RQMD+DXJ ZLUGGLH:LUNXQJVR]LDOHU1HW]ZHUNHLP5DKPHQHLQHULQWHU QDWLRQDOHQ0LJUDWLRQQLFKWPHKUKLQWHUIUDJW *OHLFK]HLWLJLVWGLHI|UGHUQGHE]ZKLQGHUQGH:LUNXQJYRQVR]LDOHQ1HW]ZHUNHQ QLFKWHLQGHXWLJEHOHJWXQGWKHRUHWLVFKQLFKWXQXPVWULWWHQ(LQH5HLKHYRQ]XP 7HLOZLGHUVSUFKOLFKHQ +\SRWKHVHQGLHPDQLQVR]LRORJLVFKHQ6WXGLHQILQGHW ]HLJWXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKH$QQDKPHQEHUGLH:LUNXQJGHUVR]LDOHQ1HW]ZHUNH0DQ VSULFKWHLQHUVHLWVYRQGHUAffinitätshypothese, ZHQQVR]LDOH1HW]ZHUNHDP+HU NXQIWVRUW GLH 7HQGHQ] ]XU 0LJUDWLRQ PLQGHUQ $QGHUHUVHLWV N|QQHQ GLHVHOEHQ 1HW]ZHUNHHLQ,QGLYLGXXPGD]XHUPXWLJHQHLQH:DQGHUXQJYRU]XQHKPHQVRGLH Ermutigungshypothese'D]XNRPPHQGLHKonflikthypotheseErleichterungshypotheseInformationshypotheseHWF 'LH :LUNXQJ YRP VR]LDOHQ 1HW]ZHUNHQ VROOWH VWlUNHU GLIIHUHQ]LHUW ZHUGHQ VLH NDQQVLFKVRZRKOQDFK0LJUDWLRQVDUWLQWHUQDWLRQDORGHUUHJLRQDO DOVDXFKLQ$E KlQJLJNHLWYRQVR]LRNXOWXUHOOHQ)DNWRUHQRGHULQGLYLGXHOOHQ5HVVRXUFHQ|NRQR PLVFKHQ NXOWXUHOOHQ HWF  XQWHUVFKHLGHQ ,P 5DKPHQ HLQHU UHJLRQDOHQ :DQGH UXQJN|QQWHQVR]LDOH1HW]ZHUNHHLQHQDQGHUHQ6WHOOHQZHUWHLQQHKPHQDOVEHLLQ WHUQDWLRQDOHQ:DQGHUXQJHQ,P9HUJOHLFK]XLQWHUQDWLRQDOHQ0LJUDWLRQHQVLQGUH JLRQDOH:DQGHUXQJHQYRQGHXWOLFKJHULQJHUHQ5LVLNHQEHJOHLWHWHVH[LVWLHUWNHLQH 6SUDFKEDUULHUHHVJLEWNHLQH3UREOHPHEHLGHU$QHUNHQQXQJYRQ6FKXOXQGDQ GHUHQ=HXJQLVVHQHVJLEWNHLQHVWDDWOLFKHQ*UHQ]HQGLHGHQSHUV|QOLFKHQ.RQWDNW ]XYHUEOLHEHQHQ9HUZDQGWHQDP+HUNXQIWVRUWHUVFKZHUHQZHQQQLFKWJDUXQP|J OLFKPDFKHQ6RPLWULFKWHWVLFKHLQHGHUZLFKWLJVWHQ)UDJHQGHUYRUOLHJHQGHQ$U EHLWGDUDXIREVR]LDOH1HW]ZHUNHEHLHLQHUUHJLRQDOHQ:DQGHUXQJGHQJOHLFKHQ 6WHOOHQZHUWHLQQHKPHQZLHEHLHLQHULQWHUQDWLRQDOHQ:DQGHUXQJ'DEHLLQWHUHV VLHUWLQVEHVRQGHUHGLHKLQGHUQGHE]ZI|UGHUQGH:LUNXQJVR]LDOHU1HW]ZHUNHDP =LHOXQGDP+HUNXQIWVRUW 8PGLH:LUNXQJYRQVR]LDOHQ1HW]ZHUNHQYRUGHP+LQWHUJUXQGDQGHUHU(LQIOXVV IDNWRUHQJHQDXHUXQWHUVXFKHQ]XN|QQHQZLUGHLQ(UNOlUXQJVPRGHOOHQWZLFNHOW ZHOFKHV GDV NODVVLVFKH UDWLRQDOH 0LJUDWLRQVHQWVFKHLGXQJVPRGHOO HLQHUVHLWV XP HLQH ZHLWHUH 9RU 6WXIH XQG DQGHUHUVHLWV XP HLQH SV\FKRORJLVFKH .RPSRQHQWH HUJlQ]W'DVNODVVLVFKH0RGHOOGHU0LJUDWLRQVHQWVFKHLGXQJZLUGEOLFKHUZHLVH LQ 0LJUDWLRQVHUZlJXQJ 0LJUDWLRQVDEVLFKWXQG 0LJUDWLRQVYROO]XJXQ WHUWHLOW'DEHLVWHOOWGLHGULWWH6WXIHGHQ9ROO]XJHLQHUEHUHLWVJHWURIIHQHQ0LJUD WLRQVHQWVFKHLGXQJ GDU 6RPLW KDW GHU HLJHQWOLFKH (QWVFKHLGXQJVSUR]HVV DOV %H ZXVVWVHLQVYRUJDQJLPNODVVLVFKHQ0RGHOOQXU6WXIHQ 0LJUDWLRQVHUZlJXQJ XQG 0LJUDWLRQVDEVLFKW'LH(UZHLWHUXQJGHV0LJUDWLRQVHQWVFKHLGXQJVPRGHOOV XPHLQH9RUVWXIHZUGH]XHLQHPGUHLVWXILJHQ(QWVFKHLGXQJVPRGHOOIKUHQ'LH

  

YJO5LWFKH\ YJO+XJR1DXFN+DXJD

 

7UHQQXQJ GHV 0LJUDWLRQVSUR]HVVHV LQ 0LJUDWLRQVHQWVFKHLGXQJ XQG 0LJUDWLRQV YROO]XJVKDWHLQHQUHLQWKHRUHWLVFKHQ+LQWHUJUXQG'LHZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKH%HGHX WXQJGHV0LJUDWLRQVYROO]XJVVROOGDEHLQLFKWKHUXQWHUJHVWXIWZHUGHQ 'HUNODVVLVFKH$QVDW]HLQHU0LJUDWLRQVHQWVFKHLGXQJYHUVWHKW0LJUDWLRQDOVHLQH $OWHUQDWLYHYRQYLHOHQGLHQHEHQDQGHUHQJOHLFKZHUWLJHQ3UREOHPO|VXQJVVWUDWH JLHQ H[LVWLHUW ,Q GHP KLHU YRUJHVWHOOWHQ 0RGHOO ZLUG GDYRQ DXVJHJDQJHQ GDVV 0LJUDWLRQ DOV 3UREOHPO|VXQJVVWUDWHJLH NHLQH KDELWXDOLVLHUWH +DQGOXQJ GDUVWHOOW (LQ :DQGHUXQJVJHGDQNH LVW QLFKW DXWRPDWLVFK LP +DQGOXQJVUHSHUWRLUH HLQHU 'XUFKVFKQLWWVSHUVRQYRUKDQGHQZHVKDOEEHUHLQH:DQGHUXQJHUVWGDQQQDFKJH GDFKW ZHUGHQ NDQQ ZHQQ VLH DOV 3UREOHPO|VXQJVVWUDWHJLH LQ GDV YRUKDQGHQH +DQGOXQJVUHSHUWRLUHHLQJH]RJHQLVW ,QGLHVHP=XVDPPHQKDQJNRPPHQHLQLJH0LJUDWLRQVIRUVFKHUDXIGLHVRJQDWU OLFKH7UlJKHLWVVFKZHOOH]XVSUHFKHQ%HYRU0LJUDWLRQHUQVWKDIWHUZRJHQZHUGHQ NDQQPXVVGLHQDWUOLFKH7UlJKHLWVVFKZHOOHEHUZXQGHQZHUGHQ(LQLJH0LJUD WLRQVIRUVFKHUYJO:ROSHUW%KUHU JHKHQH[SOL]LWDXIGLH%HGHXWXQJ GHV)DNWRUVTrägheitHLQ6RILQGHQVLFK$XVVDJHQEHUHLQHÄZHLWHUH7UlJKHLWV VFKZHOOH³GLHQRFKYRUGHUHLJHQWOLFKHQ3UIXQJYRQ.RVWHQXQG1XW]HQHLQHU 0LJUDWLRQEHUVFKULWWHQZHUGHQPXVV'LHVH6FKZHOOHVROOGLH(QWVFKHLGXQJGDU VWHOOHQ HLQH :DQGHUXQJ DOV $EZHLFKXQJ YRP 5RXWLQHKDQGHOQ  LQ GDV HLJHQH +DQGOXQJVUHSHUWRLUHEHUKDXSWDXI]XQHKPHQ/HLGHUZLUGQLFKWJHQDXHUGDUDXI HLQJHJDQJHQXQWHUZHOFKHQ%HGLQJXQJHQGLHVH7UlJKHLWVVFKZHOOHEHUVFKULWWHQ ZLUG6RPLWJLEWHVQRFK5DXPIUWLHIHUJHKHQGHWKHRUHWLVFKHhEHUOHJXQJHQEH ]JOLFKGLHVHV)DNWRUV 'LH:DKUQHKPXQJGHU0LJUDWLRQE]ZLKUH$XIQDKPHLQGDVLQGLYLGXHOOH+DQG OXQJVUHSHUWRLUHNDQQMHGRFKQLFKWDOOHLQPLWHLQHPUDWLRQDOHQ+DQGOXQJVPRGHOO HUNOlUWZHUGHQ'HVKDOEZLUGGHU(QWVFKHLGXQJVPHFKDQLVPXVDXVGHUSV\FKROR JLVFKHQ3HUVSHNWLYHKHUDXVEHWUDFKWHW,QVEHVRQGHUHZLUGDXIGLHVRJLQGLYLGXHO OHQSerceptionabilitiesHLQJHJDQJHQ]X'HXWVFK)lKLJNHLW,QIRUPDWLRQHQZDKU ]XQHKPHQXQGVLHHQWVSUHFKHQG]XYHUDUEHLWHQ(LQLJHUHOHYDQWH6WXGLHQ]XU0LJ UDWLRQVIRUVFKXQJ KDEHQ JH]HLJW GDVV GHU (LQIOXVV VR]LDOHU 1HW]ZHUNH LQ GLHVHU 3KDVHLQVEHVRQGHUHIUGDVhEHUVFKUHLWHQGHU7UlJKHLWVVFKZHOOHYRQ%HGHXWXQJ LVW 0LJUDWLRQLVWHLQKRFKLQWHUDNWLYHUVR]LDOHU3UR]HVV,QGLYLGXHOOH0LJUDWLRQVHQW VFKHLGXQJHQ ZHUGHQ GHP (LQIOXVV XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKVWHU )DNWRUHQ DXVJHVHW]W DXI GHU0LNUR(EHQHVLQGHVLQGLYLGXHOOH0HUNPDOHGLHLQYHUVFKLHGHQHQ3KDVHQGHV (QWVFKHLGXQJVSUR]HVVHVLKUH:LUNXQJHQWIDOWHQDXIGHU0HVR(EHQHVLQGHVVR ]LDOH1HW]ZHUNHGLHSHUV|QOLFKH:DKUQHKPXQJXQG9HUKDOWHQEHHLQIOXVVHQDXI GHU0DNUR(EHQHNRPPHQlX‰HUH)DNWRUHQZLHGLH|NRQRPLVFKH6LWXDWLRQRGHU SROLWLVFKH0D‰QDKPHQLQV6SLHO  

YJO%KUHU+DXJ