Human Papillomavirus A Parent’s Guide to Preteen and Teen HPV Vaccination
� The vaccine produces better immu-
nity to fight infection when given at younger ages compared with older ages.
� Vaccination for HPV is much more
effective at preventing disease and cancer if all three doses are administered before someone’s first sexual contact.
� Most American men and women
who become sexually active will contract at least one type of HPV virus in their lifetime. Vaccination can reduce their risk of HPV infection.
� Most people who become infected
with HPV do not even know it.
� HPV is easily spread by skin-to-skin
contact during sexual activity. Even if someone does not have sexual intercourse, they can still get HPV.
� People who choose to have only
one lifetime sex partner can still get HPV if their partner has had previous partners who were infected.
� Both vaccines have been tested in
thousands of people around the world and have been proven to have no serious side effects.
� Both vaccines are highly effective
against HPV types that cause most cervical cancers; one of the vaccines, Gardasil, also protects against 90 percent of HPV-associated genital warts.
What is HPV? Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common family of viruses that causes infection of the skin or mucous membranes of various areas of the body. There are over 100 different types of HPV viruses. Different types of HPV infection affect different areas of the body. For instance, some types of HPV cause warts in the genital area and other types can lead to abnormal cells on the cervix, vulva, anus, penis, mouth, and throat, sometimes leading to cancer.
Vaccine Information for Parents
Why vaccinate against HPV at 11 or 12 years of age?
HPV
How common is HPV? HPV is very common. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most sexually active American men and women will contract at least one type of HPV virus during their lifetime. HPV is considered the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. It is the cause of almost all cervical cancers in women and has been linked to the rise of oral cancers in young people in the United States.
How serious is HPV? HPV is extremely serious. Approximately 79 million Americans are currently infected with HPV, and about 14 million more become infected each year. In the United States, there are around 12,000 new cervical cancer cases diagnosed annually, and 4,000 women die from cervical cancer every year. Men are affected too. Around 7,000 HPV-associated cancer cases occur in American men each year.
How is HPV spread? The most common ways to get an HPV infection is from vaginal or anal sex with an infected person; however, this is NOT the only way to get HPV. Infection can also be acquired from oral sex and any skin-to-skin contact with areas infected by HPV. It is possible to have HPV and not know it, so a person can unknowingly spread HPV to another person. continued on page 2 �
Technical content reviewed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Immunization Action Coalition St. Paul, Minnesota • 651- 647- 9009 • www.vaccineinformation.org • www.immunize.org www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4250.pdf • Item #P4250 (11/13)
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A Parents Guide to Preteen and Teen HPV Vaccination (continued) Resources for more information
page 2 of 2
Can HPV infection be treated?
� CDC’s information on vaccines
There is no treatment for HPV infection; there are only treatments available for the health problems that HPV can cause, such as genital warts, cervical changes, and cervical cancer. In some cases, the body fights off the virus naturally. In cases where the virus cannot be fought off naturally, the body is at risk for serious complications, including cancer.
� Immunization Action Coalition’s
What is HPV vaccine?
� Your healthcare provider or local
health department
and immunization: www.cdc.gov/ vaccines vaccine information website: www. vaccineinformation.org
� Vaccine Education Center at the
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia: www.chop.edu/vaccine
Vaccine Information for Parents
� CDC’s Vaccines For Children (VFC)
program: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/ programs/vfc/index.html
sources American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee on Adolescent Health Care. Fact Sheet: Human Papillomavirus. ■ www.acog.org Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. HPV and Cancer. ■ www.cdc.gov/hpv/cancer.html http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/cancer.html CDC. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. Vaccine Safety: Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. ■ http://www.cdc.gov/ www.cdc.gov/vaccine vaccinesafety/vaccines/hpv-vaccine.html safety/Vaccines/HPV/index.html CDC. National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention. Genital HPV Infection Fact Sheet. ■ www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/ http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/ STDFact-HPV.htm CDC. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. HPV Vaccine-Questions and Answers. ■ www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/hpv/ vac-faqs.htm CDC. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. Preteens and Teens Need http://www.cdc.gov/Features/ Vaccines Too! ■ www.cdc.gov/Features/Preteen PreteenVaccines/index.html Vaccines Reduction in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence among young women following HPV vaccine introduction in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 20032010. J Infect Dis. 2013 Aug 1; 208(3):385-93. Related press release: ■ www.cdc.gov/media/ releases/2013/p0619-hpv-vaccinations.html
r healthu o y o t lk a T er today care provid ing ect about prot aughter d r o n o s r you infection! from HPV
There are two HPV vaccines licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and recommended by CDC: Cervarix and Gardasil. Both vaccines protect against cervical cancers in women. One vaccine, Gardasil, also protects against genital warts and cancers of the anus, vagina, and vulva. Both vaccines are available for females. Only Gardasil is available for males. HPV vaccines are given in three shots over six months; it is important to get all three doses to get the best protection.
At what age should my son or daughter get HPV vaccine? Routine vaccination with three doses of HPV vaccine is recommended for all 11- and 12-year-old boys and girls. The vaccines can be given as early as 9 years of age. If your son or daughter did not receive the three doses of vaccine at the recommended age, they should still start or complete their HPV vaccine series. Your son can be given the vaccine through the age of 21, and your daughter can be given the vaccine through the age of 26. Check with your healthcare provider to make sure your child is up to date with HPV vaccination. For HPV vaccine to work best, it is very important for preteens to get all three doses before any sexual activity begins. It is possible to get infected with HPV the very first time they have sexual contact with another person, even if they do not have intercourse. Also, the vaccine produces better immunity to fight infection when given at the younger ages compared to the older ages.
Are HPV vaccines safe? HPV vaccines have been shown to be very safe. Every vaccine used in the United States is required to go through rigorous safety testing before licensure by the FDA. Both HPV vaccines have been extensively tested in clinical trials with more than 28,000 male and female participants. Since the first HPV vaccine was licensed for use in 2006, more than 50 million doses of HPV vaccine have been distributed in the United States. Now in routine use, these vaccines are continually monitored for safety. In the years of HPV vaccine safety monitoring, no serious safety concerns have been identified. Like other vaccinations, most side effects from HPV vaccination are mild, including fever, headache, and pain and redness in the arm where the shot was given.
Are HPV vaccines effective? The vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in protecting against the HPV types targeted by the vaccines. A study looking at HPV infections in girls and women before and after the introduction of HPV vaccines shows a significant reduction in vaccine-type HPV in U.S. teens since the vaccine was introduced. Adapted from a publication developed by the Michigan Department of Community Health, Division of Immunization
Immunization Action Coalition St. Paul, Minnesota • 651- 647- 9009 • www.vaccineinformation.org • www.immunize.org www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4250.pdf • Item #P4250 (11/13)
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| DISEASES and the VACCINES THAT PREVENT THEM |
INFORMATION FOR PARENTS
HPV Vaccine for Preteens and Teens
Last updated JULY 2015
This vaccine is for protection from most of the cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV is a very common virus that spreads between people when they have sexual contact with another person. About 14 million people, including teens, become infected with HPV each year. HPV infection can cause cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers in women and penile cancer in men. HPV can also cause anal cancer, throat cancer, and genital warts in both men and women.
When should my child be vaccinated? The HPV vaccine is recommended for preteen boys and girls at age 11 or 12 so they are protected before ever being exposed to the virus. HPV vaccine also produces a higher immune response in preteens than in older adolescents. If your teen hasn’t gotten the vaccine yet, talk to their doctor about getting it for them as soon as possible. HPV vaccination is a series of shots given over several months. The best way to remember to get your child all of the shots they need is to make an appointment for the remaining shots before you leave the doctor’s office or clinic.
What else should I know about HPV vaccine? Girls need HPV vaccination to prevent HPV infections that can cause cancers of the anus, cervix, vagina, vulva, and the mouth/throat area. Boys need HPV vaccination to prevent HPV infections that can cause cancers of the anus, penis, and the mouth/throat area. HPV vaccination can also prevent genital warts.
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HPV vaccines have been studied very carefully. These studies showed no serious safety concerns. Common, mild adverse events (side effects) reported during these studies include pain in the arm where the shot was given, fever, dizziness and nausea. Some preteens and teens might faint after getting the HPV vaccine or any shot. Preteens and teens should sit or lie down when they get a shot and stay like that for about 15 minutes after the shot. This can help prevent fainting and any injury that could happen while fainting. Serious side effects from the HPV vaccine are rare. It is important to tell the doctor or nurse if your child has any severe allergies, including an allergy to latex or yeast. HPV vaccine is not recommended for anyone who is pregnant.
Vaccine Information for Parents
Why does my child need HPV vaccine?
HPV vaccination is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine.
How can I get help paying for these vaccines? The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program provides vaccines for children ages 18 years and younger, who are not insured, Medicaid-eligible, American Indian or Alaska Native. You can find out more about the VFC program by going online to www.cdc.gov and typing VFC in the search box.
Where can I learn more? For more information about HPV vaccines and the other vaccines for preteens and teens, talk to your child’s doctor or nurse. More information is also available on CDC’s Vaccines for Preteens and Teens website at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/who/teens/index.html www.cdc.gov/vaccines/teens.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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| ENFERMEDADES y las VACUNAS QUE LAS PREVIENEN |
INFORMACIÓN PARA LOS PADRES
La vacuna contra el VPH para preadolescentes y adolescentes Actualizado en junio de 2014
¿Por qué mi hijo/hija necesita la vacuna VPH?
Vaccine Information for Parents
Esta vacuna protege contra la mayoría de los cánceres causados por la infección del virus del papiloma humano (VPH o HPV, por sus siglas en inglés). El VPH es un virus muy común que se contagia entre las personas cuando tienen contacto sexual con otra persona. Cada año, alrededor de 14 millones de personas, incluyendo a los adolescentes, se infectan con el VPH. La infección por el VPH puede causar cánceres del cuello del útero, de vagina y de vulva en las mujeres y cáncer del pene en los hombres. El VPH también puede causar cáncer anal, cáncer de la garganta y verrugas genitales tanto en los hombres como en las mujeres.
¿Cuándo se debe vacunar mi hijo/hija?
Se recomienda que los preadolescentes, tanto varones como mujeres, se pongan la vacuna contra el VPH a la edad de 11 o 12 años de modo que queden protegidos antes de que se expongan al virus. La vacuna contra el VPH también produce una respuesta inmunitaria más intensa en los preadolescentes que en los adolescentes mayores. Si su adolescente no se haya puesto la vacuna todavía, hable con su médico para que se la pongan lo más pronto posible. La vacuna contra el VPH se administra en 3 dosis. La segunda dosis se debe poner 1 o 2 meses después de la primera y la tercera dosis se debe administrar 6 meses después de la primera.
¿Qué más debo saber sobre la vacuna contra el VPH?
Hay dos vacunas contra el VPH. Las niñas entre 11 o 12 años de edad) y las mujeres jóvenes entre 13 y 26 años se deben poner cualquiera de ellas para prevenir el cáncer del cuello del útero. Una de las vacunas también protege contra las verrugas genitales y el cáncer anal tanto en las mujeres como en los hombres. Los niños deben ponerse esta vacuna VPH para prevenir el cáncer anal y las verrugas genitales. Las niñas se pueden poner esta vacuna para prevenir el cáncer del cuello del útero, el cáncer anal y las verrugas genitales.
inyección, fiebre, mareos y náusea. Algunos preadolescentes y adolescentes se pueden desmayar luego de recibir la vacuna contra el VPH o cualquier otra vacuna. Los preadolescentes y los adolescentes se deben sentar o recostar cuando se les pone la vacuna y quedarse así por alrededor de 15 minutos después de recibir la inyección. Esto puede ayudar a prevenir los desmayos o cualquier otra lesión que les podría ocurrir al desmayarse. Los efectos secundarios graves de la vacuna contra el VPH son raros. Es importante decirle al doctor o el enfermero de su hijo si tiene alguna alergia severa, entre ellas, alergia contra el látex o la levadura. No se recomienda poner la vacuna contra el VPH a las mujeres que están embarazadas. Los Centros pare el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC, por sus siglas en inglés), la Academia Estadounidense de Médicos de Familia, la Academia Americana de Pediatría y la Sociedad de Salud y Medicina para Adolescentes recomiendan vacunas contra el VPH.
¿Cómo puedo obtener ayuda para pagar por estas vacunas?
El programa de Vacunas para Niños (VFC, por sus siglas en inglés) proporciona vacunas para niños de hasta 18 años que no tengan seguro, que cumplan con los requisitos para recibir Medicaid o que sean indoamericanos o nativos de Alaska. Puede averiguar más sobre el programa VFC en Internet en www.cdc.gov/spanish/especialesCDC/ ProgramaVacunas.
¿Dónde puedo obtener más información?
Para obtener más información sobre las vacunas HPV y las demás vacunas para los preadolescentes y los adolescentes hable con el médico o el enfermero de su hijo. Usted también puede obtener más información disponible en el sitio web “Vacunas para Preadolescentes y Adolescentes” de los CDC en la siguiente dirección: http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/especialesCDC VacunasPreadolescentes/.
Se ha realizado estudios muy cuidadosos de ambas vacunas contra el VPH y dichos estudios han mostrado que no existe ninguna preocupación grave de seguridad con ellas. Algunos efectos secundarios que se han notificado en estos estudios incluyen dolor en el brazo, en el sitio que se ha puesto la
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| DISEASES and the VACCINES THAT PREVENT THEM |
INFORMATION FOR PARENTS
Vaccines for Preteens and Teens: What Parents Should Know Why does my child need vaccines now?
Vaccines aren’t just for babies. Some of the vaccines that babies get can wear off as kids get older. And as kids grow up they may come in contact with different diseases than when they were babies. There are vaccines that can help protect your preteen or teen from these other illnesses.
What vaccines does my child need? Tdap Vaccine This vaccine helps protect against three serious diseases: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). Preteens should get Tdap at age 11 or 12. If your teen didn’t get a Tdap shot as a preteen, ask the their doctor or nurse about getting the shot now. Meningococcal Vaccine Meningococcal conjugate vaccine protects against some of the bacteria that can cause meningitis (swelling of the lining around the brain and spinal cord) and septicemia (an infection in the blood). Preteens need the first meningococcal shot when they are 11 or 12 years old and a second meningococcal shot at age 16. Teens who got the meningococcal shot when they were 13, 14, or 15 years old should still get a second shot at age 16. Older teens who haven’t gotten any meningococcal shots should get one dose as soon as possible. HPV Vaccine Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines help protect both girls and boys from HPV infection and cancer caused by HPV. Two HPV vaccines protect girls from the types of HPV that cause most cervical cancer. One HPV vaccine also helps protect both girls and boys from anal cancer and genital warts. HPV vaccines are given to preteens as 3 shots over 6 months when they are 11 or 12 years old. Preteens and teens who haven’t started or finished the HPV vaccine series should ask the doctor or nurse about getting them now. Flu Vaccine The annual flu vaccine is the best way to reduce the chances of getting seasonal flu and spreading it to others. Even
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healthy preteens and teens can get very sick from the flu and spread it to others. While all preteens and teens should get a flu vaccine, it’s especially important for those with chronic health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease to get vaccinated. The best time to get the flu vaccine is as soon after it’s available in your community, ideally by October. While it’s best to be vaccinated before flu begins causing illness in your community, flu vaccination can be beneficial as long as flu viruses are circulating, even in January or later.
When should my child be vaccinated?
A good time to get these vaccines is during a yearly health checkup. Your preteen or teen can also get these vaccines at a physical exam required for sports, school, or camp. It’s a good idea to ask the doctor or nurse every year if there are any vaccines that your child may need.
Vaccine Information for Parents
Last updated JUNE 2014
What else should I know about these vaccines?
These vaccines have all been studied very carefully and are safe. They can cause mild side effects, like soreness or redness in the part of the arm where the shot was given. Some preteens and teens might faint after getting a shot. Sitting or lying down when getting a shot and then for about 15 minutes after the shot, can help prevent fainting. Serious side effects are rare. It is very important to tell the doctor or nurse if your child has any serious allergies, including allergies to yeast, latex, or chicken eggs, before they receive any shots.
How can I get help paying for these vaccines?
The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program provides vaccines for children ages 18 years and younger, who are not insured, Medicaid-eligible, American Indian or Alaska Native. You can find out more about the VFC program by going online to www. cdc.gov and typing VFC in the search box.
Where can I learn more?
Talk to your child’s doctor or nurse about what vaccines they may need. You can also find more information about these vaccines on CDC’s Vaccines for Preteens and Teens website at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/who/teens/index.html. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/teens.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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