Conference on ground-mounted photovoltaic systems in Germany and France 14 April 2015 Paris
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan, project developer for renewable energy solutions
Topic: Power production by ground-mounted PV systems for nearby industrial parks Example "Old landfill Hölzengraben KL" Demonstrating the use of the conversion site as ground-mounted PV system. Establishing a renewable energy supply system for at least three commercial companies near the PV system site in Kaiserslautern. Project development, realisation management by WVE GmbH Kaiserslautern. Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
WVE GmbH Kaiserslautern as solution partner Company profile
100 % subsidiary of Technische Werke Kaiserlautern €500,000 share capital, founded in 1994
Management of water / waste water plants
Water / waste water sector services
Sewage sludge disposal and utilisation
Development and preparation of building sites
Development and realisation of renewable energy projects Employees in 2015: 150 employees
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Future-oriented realisation models in the solar energy business sector WVE GmbH Kaiserslautern. is the regional solution partner for innovating and profitable energy investments
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Example Hölzengraben PV system: Conversion of an old landfill in the city zone of Kaiserslautern Target
PV system as source of renewable energy for three companies in Kaiserslautern Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Project history 1 The city of Kaiserslautern has a conversion site, a 50-year-old closed down landfill right in the city zone which was to be remediated in accordance with the provisions of the environmental authority (costs?). The landfill is adjacent to the "Adam Hoffmanstraße" inner-city industrial zone. Using two companies that are based in the industrial zone as example, the project developer WVE was able to demonstrate that the use of a PV system for renewable energy production would clearly save costs. In addition, the city of KL wanted to generate a further competitive advantage over other communities, without additional costs if possible, to help secure the economic future of the innercity area. In the scope of a project study, we developed, within a period of approx. 4 weeks, - a remediation concept for the site of the old landfill - a utilization concept as PV solution - a concept for site and system sharing for use by several project partners - thus, a possible solution for energy-intensive local businesses and investors Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Project history 2 With the amendment to the Renewable Energy Law (EEG) in 2013, German legislation provided the opportunity to generate energy for self-consumption which led to the specific usage version for this project. The involved businesses are able to generate a competitive edge in the future. In 2013, renewable energy for self-consumption is not subject to the pro-rata EEG surcharge. Reduced demands on municipal supply structures / networks by self-consumption of selfproduced energy
Aim of the municipal site owner: Remediation and conversion of the site. Generate competitive edge for local businesses. Long-term customer retention of municipal electric utility company with respect to investors Stimulating investments in the city of KL Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
"Hölzengraben" project parameters Planning in 2013 Area:
approx. 7,5 –8,5 hectares
System power: 4,4 –6,36 MWp Concept: south or east-west Yield / a: >930 kWh/kwp PV investment €6,2 or 8,0 million Costs / kWh
> 8,5 ct.
Why east-west? Advantages of east-west Wider utilisation window of the PV system thanks to E/W concept.
More efficient, more constant substitution strategy Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Comparison of daily production load profile –module facing south or east-west Advantage of south concept during midday
Advantage of east-west module installation Advantage of east-west in the morning
More efficient use of the area
Advantage of east-west in the evening
Reduced production peak Increased energy yield
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Development / planning / realisation of ground-mounted PV systems Version: Energy generation system for self-consumption Project development according to the energy user's technical and economic needs user 2
Energy demand analysis (Amount in kWh)
Day/night Working day/weekend, Season Production specifics
Load profile analysis: (Power requirements in kW )
Power requirements Requirement periods Development over time
Energy costs
Cost structure of energy consumption Defined acc. to power Defined acc. to amount of energy Price structure (energy price, levies, taxes, etc.)
(ct/ kWh)
Profitability analysis of overall investment in power generation system for self-consumption Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Parameters for production for self-consumption User 2 Energy requirements kWh/a:approx. 2.000.000 Power requirements kW (6 a.m. - 8 .p.m.) ca 350-400
Ideal PV characteristic curve for one day
System part of user 1 kWp: Amount of energy of PV kWh/a: Substitution amount kWh/a: approx. Investment
Daily load profile for user 2 96 quarter-of-an-hour values/day
6:00 8:00 a.m. PV production window p.m.
Paris, 14 April 2015
€at 1.480 kWp:
PV generation price €/kWh: E acquisition of user 2 €/kWh in 2013
1.480 1,376,400 700,000 1.750.000 0,0775 0,1640
The intersection of energy below the load profile lines, PV characteristic curve for one day and daily load profile line (green) shows the daily substitution amount used for selfconsumption Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Dimensioning of efficient PV system size for self-consumption 350 KW power requirement of user 2 in PV production window Simulation based on PV curves Dimensioning factor of 0.23 In case of full supply of user 2 of > 2000 h 1.521 kWp PV power requirement (350 kW/ 0.23=1521 kWp)
1,480 kWp realised PV system share 1.480 kWp PV power corresponded to: - Planned investment of user - Short-term refinancing of investment - Ideal cost savings effect
P V D I M E N S I O N I N G F A C T O R
350 KW
Most efficient partial solution for project developer Optimised plot division - 4 partial systems Paris, 14 April 2015
Amount of substitution energy from PV Annual full supply hours of user
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
"Hölzengraben" project data Realisation data in 2014 Area:
8,45 ha
System power: 6.360 kWp Concept: east-west Yield 2014 1.011 kWh/kWp PV investment < €6,300,000 Costs / kWh 7,16 ct. Planning for no more than 4 users 1) WVE GmbH
network supply
2.600 kWp
2) User 1 production for self-consumption 1.520 kWp 3) User 2 production for self-consumption 1.480 kWp 4) User 3 production for self-consumption
760 kWp
The structure provides for 3 project partners. Currently WVE and user 2 are connected to the network.
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Site and system sharing Hölzengraben PV U3 760 KWp U1 1.520 KWp
U2 1.480 KWp
Condition imposed by building plan Deterrence area Amphibia
WVE 2.600 KWp Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
"Hölzengraben" project data Realisation data in 2014 Area:
8,45 ha
System power: 6.360 kWp Concept: East-west Yield 2014 1.011 kWh/kWp PV investment < €6.300.000 Costs / kWh 7,16 ct. Investors / users 1) WVE GmbH
4.880 kWp
Network supply currently 1.520 kW and 720 kWp each in 1) connected to network
2) User 2
1.480 kWp
Production for self-consumption
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
A6 20 kV power line to user 1 1.4 km
User 1 1.520 kWp
20 kV power line to user 2 20 kV power line WVE - network 1.1 km Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
20 kV power line to user 1 1.4 km
20 kV power line to user 2 20 kV power line WVE - network 1.1 km 2 complementary roof mounted PV systems 260 kWp each User 3/4
User 2 1.480 kWp
A6 Paris, 14 April 2015
Central 20 kV network access point
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Hölzengraben Kaiserslautern ground-mounted PV project Profitable result in the first full year of operation User 2
! -15,9% costs/a
61% 61% PV PV 45% 45% User User Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Munich –June 2014
City solar park Kaiserslautern-Hölzengraben is presented the
Intersolar Award 2014 in the category
"Best innovating solar projects in Europe" Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Development / planning / realisation of ground-mounted PV systems Version: Energy generation system for self-consumption A.
Project development according to the energy user's economic needs
B.
Meeting the network operator's technical requirements
C.
Compliance with the city planning provisions by the municipal area planning authority
D.
Compliance with the legal stipulations according to the EEG and Energy Industry Act
E.
Taking into account the neighbours' interests
F.
Establishing an efficient management structure
G.
Preparation and stipulation of comprehensive agreement
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Development / planning / realisation of ground-mounted PV systems Version: Energy generation system for self-consumption A
Project development according to the energy user's technical and economic needs
Energy demand analysis (Amount of energy in kWh)
Load profile analysis:
Day/night, Working day/weekend, Season, Production specifics
(Power requirements in kW)
Power requirements Requirement periods Development over time
Energy costs
Cost structure of energy consumption
(ct/ kWh)
defined acc. to power / defined acc. to amount of energy
Prise structure of energy consumption (Energy price, surcharges, taxes, etc.)
Profitability analysis of overall investment in power generation system for self-consumption Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Development / planning / realisation of ground-mounted PV systems Version: Energy generation system for self-consumption B.
Meeting the network operator's technical requirements
Network compatibility (Amount kWh) (Power requirements in kW)
C.
Does PV system output meet approval requirements? Determine network connection point User feed-in point compatible with network? Analysis of voltage increase during PV full load Frequency response analysis during PV full load Establish project-oriented network protection Agree on additional investments in network / network connection
Compliance with the city planning previsions by the municipal area planning authority
Is the area available for the purpose eligible for payments under the EEG? Preparation of development plan, preparation of environmental report Modification of zoning plan Decision of municipal parliament building regulations / building permit Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Development / planning / realisation of ground-mounted PV systems Version: Energy generation system for self-consumption D.
Compliance with the legal stipulations according to the EEG and Energy Industry Act
Checking with network operator Is the site a conversion site or industrial zone? Will it be possible to prepare a development plan? Distance check: PV location –user location? e.g. < 2,500 m Is it necessary to use the supply network? Greater distance, no power line E.
Taking into account the neighbours' interests
Objections during development plan procedure Power line agreements and drafting lease/licensing agreements Traffic restrictions during construction Checking with other energy / communication / supply network operators
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Development / planning / realisation of ground-mounted PV systems Version: Energy generation system for self-consumption F.
Establishing an efficient management structure
(of the overall system) Joint management of all partial systems Joint monitoring of all partial systems Access to all spec. generation and supply data of all users G.
Preparation and stipulation of the comprehensive agreement
City planning agreement Site lease Construction-specific agreements Financing agreements Network supply agreement System sale Project developer Management agreement and others .... Paris, 14 April 2015
Project developer/investor Investor Project developer/investor Project developer/investor Project developer/investor
Community Site owner EPC Bank Network operator
Investor Investor
Managing director
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Renewable energy supply solutions require storage devices - Storage solutions at the user's premises - Large-scale storage systems for excess production
Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Ground-mounted PV projects and storage concepts Perspectives / concepts Increased profitability - Storage concepts Use of excess energy Storage in production infrastructure -Cooling systems, ice storage tanks -Compressed air systems -Geothermal energy systems / heat pumps -Redox Flow storage devices -Power to Gas solutions (PtG) -Use of existing gas networks as reg. storage Supply via CHP Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
User 2 Technology Ice storage Heat pump etc.
Paris, 14 April 2015
User 1 C+C Markt Cold stores Freezing facilities
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Development / planning / realisation of ground-mounted PV systems Criticism of EEG system / demands / improvements A. The EEG –since 2004 the legal framework has led to the following development: - The energy transition got off to an excellent start and developed a lot of momentum. - Nuclear energy is no longer required in Germany to ensure supply. - Investments in renewable energies are based on the of wide parts of the population. - The general conditions have led to a reduction of PV investment costs –currently 850 €/KWp - Power generating prices have fallen from >0.50 €/kWh to < 0.08 €kWh, i.e. to approx. 15 % in 11 years - Plant manufacturers and management companies are global players operating on a world-class level. - German system investments led to technological advances and innovative leaps. - Approx. 300,000 new jobs were created / secured. etc. Exchange prices for electrical energy has fallen to the lowest level. Competitive advantage!!!! Especially the economy, high-volume energy users benefited from this Thus, it was a very clever political decision to change the legal framework the way it was done in 2003. However, nobody expected the program to be this successful. This means that the energy transition has worked! But: The energy transition has not been systematically developed and no accompanying measures have been taken! - There is no longer a reliable legal framework for investors - Creation of a capacity market for the power plant industry. - Preference of and investment in large-scale storage technology, use of the gas network via E t G Investments in renewable energies have never been this inexpensive but Now coal is preferred again!!!! Paris, 14 April 2015 Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Development / planning / realisation of ground-mounted PV systems Criticism of EEG system / demands / improvements A. Rethink exemption of domestic large-volume energy clients from EEG levy etc. - This prevents investments in self-consumption. Exemption criteria have to be changed. - It is cheaper to buy inexpensive energy (exempt from EEG levy) (from the network) than to invest. - Saving measures are sacrificed in favour of short-term economic purchasing successes. - Even companies that are obviously not subject to international competition apply for exemptions. - The statutory levies that are not imposed increase the energy price for those paying their levy This German regulation is a subsidy of the large-scale industry, it prevents investments and is unfair B. Introduction of EEG levy for self-produced and self-consumed renewable energy –EEG 2014 - Companies that are not exempt think about saving energy costs by investing. - The legislator punishes these investors by imposing an additional EEG levy > 2.3 ct /kWh since 2014 Thus, the legislator artificially increases the costs of self-generated PF power by >30 % C. Change of Federal Building Act - Stipulate use of renewable energies for new developments of building zones and industrial zones. - Provision of sites for self-consumption. - Release of areas previously declared as agricultural areas / uncultivated land for renewable energy production D. End opportunity for diminishing solidarity by distributed storage. - Introduction of a power levy for each network connection point. Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
Summary The self-use of self-produced and self-stored energy has to be increased in industry and trade in the future. The cost advantages are evident. The communities must demonstrate competitive advantages and be involved in the planning. The examples above show the clear advantages. Investment versions can be adapted to the business situation of the user. Ground-mounted PV and system sharing is a comparably uncomplicated solution. This should be enough to generate a competitive edge for high-volume energy users and investors. Further strengthening of regional supply structures by self-consumption. The legislator has to stop his policy on PV and A hampering investment and adjust the legal framework to the real investment and use conditions. Energy transition cannot work without storage systems! Storage via PtG is the key to comprehensive self-sufficient power supply. PtG is the option of choice for future energy supply solutions and sustainable climate protection. We want these innovations –we want this future Paris, 14 April 2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
John Henry Mackay (1864 - 1933) Und morgen wird die Sonne wieder scheinen, und auf dem Wege, den ich gehen werde, wird uns, die Seligen, sie wieder einen inmitten dieser sonnenatmenden Erde . . .
Et demain le soleil brillera encore, Et sur le chemin que je prendrai, Il nous réunira, nous les bienheureux, à nouveau Sur cette terre qui respire le soleil…
Und zu dem Strand, dem weiten, wogenblauen, werden wir still und langsam niedersteigen, stumm werden wir uns in die Augen schauen, und auf uns sinkt des Glückes grosses Schweigen. . .
Et sur la rive, vaste, aux vagues bleues, Nous descendrons tranquillement et lentement, Silencieusement nous nous regarderons dans les yeux Et le silence du bonheur descendra sur nous …
Damals Vision - heute schon Realität! Danke et merci für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit Paris, 14.4.2015
Dipl. Ing. Kurt Schwan
